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1.
Yu Zhengxing Wen Jinglin Ma Haitao Wei Quande 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(7):5095-5107
Strip mining in mines is one of the main mining methods to control surface subsidence and protect the ecological environment. In recent years, strip mining has induced frequent rock burst accidents due to the increase in mining intensity and mining depth. Based on two typical deep strip mining accidents, the characteristics of the changes in spatial structure of the overlying strata caused by strip mining are studied, and the influencing factors of the occurrence of strip mining rock burst are analyzed. A support pressure calculation model is proposed, and estimated and verified in a mine after an analysis of the change law of the overlying strata structure in strip mining and research on the distribution and evolution law of support pressure. Based the above research, a risk evaluation model of the strip mining face is proposed based on the possibility index method, the 4203 working face of a mine is evaluated. Compared with the numerical simulation results, this method is well consistent with the theoretical calculation model. It can be seen that this method has strong practicability and is of great significance for studying the rock burst characteristics of coal seams in strip mining and evaluating the risk of rock burst of coal seams.
相似文献2.
Extracting the contiguous coal seams under the lowermost aquifer in the unconsolidated Cenozoic alluvium is apt to water and quicksand inrush. By using a series of investigation methods including empirical formulas, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, etc., the study focused on the fracture and the excess pore water pressure in the overlying strata in the process of extracting no. 8 coal seam firstly and no. 9 coal seam (under no. 8 coal seam) subsequently in no. 8102 working face of Luling coal mine in the north of Anhui Province of China. When no. 8 coal seam was extracted, the water-conducting fractured zone penetrated into the lowermost aquifer and rapid dissipation of excess pore water pressure above the gob occurred, accompanied by relatively high seepage hydraulic gradient over the headgate and the tailgate. When no. 9 coal seam was extracted, failure did not obviously extend upwards and the excess pore water pressure decreased slowly and a relatively high seepage hydraulic gradient transferred downwards from the headgate to the tailgate in the inclined profile. The safe water head (H s) in the lowermost aquifer was confirmed to 15.6 m. Therefore, water and quicksand inrush was avoided effectively in the process of extracting the contiguous coal seams by dewatering, controlling mining height, and laying double resistance nets in the working face. 相似文献
3.
Quansen Wu Jinquan Jiang Quanlin Wu Yanchao Xue Peng Kong Bin Gong 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3357-3373
The movement of hard and thick key stratum during underground coal extraction via longwall top coal caving differs from that of other types of overlying strata. Therefore, numerous problems such as roadway instability, rock burst and strong mining-induced mine seismicity will be encountered as a result of the fracture of a hard and thick key stratum. The key to controlling the behavior of strata is to understand the movement and fracture pattern of the hard and thick key stratum. Taking the 103up02 working face of Baodian coal mine as a case study in this study, according to the in situ measured microseismic data, the rule of fracture of overlying hard and thick sandstone caused by working face mining is studied, and the mechanism of dynamic pressure impact induced by hard and thick strata fracture is explained. Finally, the dynamic pressure control technology is put forward. The research results are of great significance for coal mining under hard and thick strata, mastering the fracture rules of hard and thick strata and predicting dynamic disasters. 相似文献
4.
以顾桥矿工程实践为基础,结合物理模拟实验和现场监测结果,研究了厚表土层深井卸压开采地面钻井变形破坏及其预防。结果表明:钻井破坏是地面卸压瓦斯抽采失败的关键,采动影响下地面瓦斯抽采井破坏以变形和错断为主,破坏深度不一,主要集中在松散层中下部和基岩中上部;在钻井完好情况下,将钻井终孔位置布置于断层附近、“O”型圈范围内更有利于卸压瓦斯抽采。采动引起的上覆岩层离层、应力集中、竖向破断以及厚表土层“杠杆效应”造成地面瓦斯抽采井破坏,其由下至上多次出现是导致地面井多处变形破坏的主要原因。煤层采动对工作面前方巷帮应力、顶板应力的影响范围分别可达320 m、350 m,对轨顺相对位移影响范围可达工作面前方50m和后方200m,采场中部覆岩与地表之间的相对位移量远大于采场边缘附近,更容易导致井孔破坏。采用“抗”和“让”相结合的井身结构、“上止下泄”固井–完井施工工艺以及合理的井位布置等措施,可有效防止卸压开采地面钻井变形破坏,实现瓦斯稳定高效抽采。 相似文献
5.
为研究榆神矿区最上可采煤层赋存及开采对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度,依次分析了榆神矿区最上可采煤层赋存特征、最上可采煤层与上覆主要含（隔）水层空间分布规律及组合类型,基于基载比和采高的最上可采煤层覆岩导水裂隙带发育规律、煤层开采对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度,将榆神矿区开采受危害程度分为4类:自然保水区、保水采煤区（影响大区和影响小区）、采煤失水区及采煤无水区。结果表明:受构造及剥蚀作用影响,榆神矿区最上可采煤层及上覆基岩呈差异剥蚀,煤露头线从SE向NW呈阶梯状分布,最上可采煤层上覆基岩由NW到SE方向逐渐变薄。榆神矿区西部（三、四期）最上可采煤层开采后对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度小或没影响;榆神矿区东部（一、二期）最上可采煤层开采后对萨拉乌苏组含水层危害程度大。 相似文献
6.
为保障厚煤层综采工作面回撤巷的安全使用,以鄂尔多斯纳林河二号井31102工作面回撤巷强矿压显现为背景,通过现场监测与理论分析相结合的方法,对厚煤层综采工作面开采过程中回撤巷强矿压显现进行研究。结果表明:厚煤层综采工作面回撤巷强矿压显现,主要为工作面采动引起的超前支承压力、相邻采空悬顶引起的双向支承应力,以及回撤巷开掘引起的静载三者耦合作用的结果。根据强矿压发生机理,提出回撤巷道及相邻巷道钻孔卸压和补强支护相结合的控制方案,使其处于“强支、强卸”状态。在相邻31103工作面回撤巷实施强矿压控制技术,通过现场观测和数据分析,表明强矿压控制技术效果良好,可有效保障回撤巷的安全使用。 相似文献
7.
针对阳城煤矿不等长工作面台阶区域发生冲击地压灾害问题,基于工作面特殊布置方式及覆岩赋存特征,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测等方法,分析了台阶区域覆岩结构运动特征和围岩应力演化规律,研究了台阶区域冲击地压诱发机制。研究结果表明：1304工作面台阶区域覆岩经历了“OX-S-C”型较为复杂的结构演变,覆岩空间结构由OX向S型转换时,顶板岩层大面积破断下沉,在台阶区域形成多个悬臂梁结构,越往高位,悬臂梁长度越大;受覆岩运动和采动应力场叠加影响,煤岩体形成高应力集中区,在顶板岩层动载冲击作用下,煤岩体弹性应变能突然释放,诱发冲击地压。采用COMSOL软件对不同卸压钻孔参数下煤体应变能分布特征进行模拟研究,优化了台阶区域卸压钻孔参数。根据模拟结果,随着钻孔孔径、孔深增大及间距减小钻孔卸压效果越明显,考虑工程实际,确定孔径为150 mm、孔深为30 m、间距为1 m为合理有效的卸压钻孔参数,并应用于1302工作面台阶区域的冲击地压防治,取得了较好的防冲效果。 相似文献
8.
As mining depth increases, the gas content and pressure of the coal seams increase, and gas emissions from the coal face are significantly higher than those at shallower locations. This is more likely to occur in high-gas multi-seam mines and can result in fatal gas disasters. Therefore, extracting multiple seams with high methane content frequently requires implementing highly efficient methane extraction technique. Yangquan Coalfield, China, was selected as a case study, theoretical analysis on the evolution law of mining-induced overlying strata fracture was conducted, similarity model test was used to determine the gas enrichment areas, the results indicate that the distressed gas in the multi-seam is enriched in high-level and low-level area, based on the gas zoning enrichment law, a technique for coordinated extraction of the distressed gas in the high-gas multi-seam mining is proposed, and the high-level drilling holes are arranged to extract the gas in the high-level enrichment area, while low-level drilling holes are arranged to extract the gas in the low-level area; after the coordinated proposal was implemented, the workface was advanced faster, and coordinated extraction technique can also be used under other conditions for high-gas multi-seam mining. 相似文献
9.
林南仓属于低瓦斯矿井,但存在高瓦斯区域。煤层和采空区是瓦斯的主要来源,尤以采空涌出量大,给煤矿生产和安全带来了极大隐患。通过在1129综采工作面风道施工高位瓦斯孔,把钻孔打到采空区一侧煤层顶板以上冒落裂隙带内,用钻孔进行瓦斯抽放,使采空内的瓦斯通过裂隙带沿钻孔抽出,有效降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度,保证综采工作面正常回采和安全生产。 相似文献
10.
Assessment of rigid overlying strata failure in face mining 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Eva Jiránková 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(4):524-530
The method of overlying strata failure assessment of extracted seams is based upon the simultaneous assessment of surface subsidence and seismic activity, considering the spatiatemporal progress of mining, depending on the character of the rock mass. The rigid overlying strata failure assessment results in finding whether a failure of the firm overlying rocks occurred or whether a strutting arch was formed over the mined-out area. The practical importance of the overlying strata failure assessment consists in determining the size of the mined-out area at which the com-plete failure of the rigid overlying strata occurred and in the assessment of the current stress condition of the overlying strata failure. The assessment method is applicable in deep mine workings where thick coal seams are being mined by means of the method of longwall mining with controlled caving. The results of this method are used to amend contemporary known methods of rock-burst protection, namely (regarding the use of surface measurements for the evaluation) in overlying strata areas. 相似文献
11.
以重庆松藻矿区在打通的一综采工作面缓倾斜地层中掘进时发生的两次顶板水灾为例,对其顶板突水原因进行了探讨。通过分析该矿区的矿井地质及水文地质条件,认为矿井充水水源为上覆地层的离层水。该矿井的M7-3煤层开采后,导水裂隙切穿了上覆地层长兴组灰岩,贯通了玉龙山一段灰岩隔水层,进入玉龙岩二段岩溶裂隙含水层。由于含水层的上覆岩层在采掘过程中,因岩性差异发生不均衡沉降,形成了大量的离层空间。离层空间吸收、储存的大量地表降雨在采掘工作面推进到一定位置时,就会发生突水。据估算,S1821工作面上覆岩体离层、裂隙储水空间按三分之一计算为2.064×105m^2,与该工作面抢险救灾期间排出的涌水量基本吻合。根据该矿离层水的赋存特点,提出了保证排水系统畅通,加强采煤设备管理,提高采面设计水平的防治水对策。 相似文献
12.
This paper studies the reliability of magnetotelluric (MT) method detection for overburden failure (OF) height in shallow seam mining. According to the geological conditions of the 52,505 working face in the Daliuta mine, five observation lines have been designed to detect the apparent resistivity (AR) of the overburden before and after mining. Analyzed the characteristic points of the face and the AR of the overburden on the main section and studied the characteristics of AR for various overburden lithologies. The AR of the overlying strata corresponding to different failure conditions is also different. Further obtained the height of the caved zone (CZ) on the working face was 25.6 m, and the height of the water flowing fracture zone (WFFZ) was 82.5 m. Finally adopted the numerical simulation and an empirical formula for calculation to validate the MT detection results and proved that it was reliable to use the MT method to detect OF height, thus providing a convenient, fast, economical, and reliable method for detecting OF heights when mining in shallow seams. 相似文献
13.
蒙陕接壤区侏罗系深埋煤层开采过程中,掌握不同阶段矿井涌水量变化规律,是保障煤矿安全的关键。从含水层发育特征、巷道掘进进尺、采空区半径等方面开展了相关研究,结果表明:蒙陕接壤区煤层顶板导水裂缝带范围内的3层复合含水层,富水性差异较大,分别对巷道掘进阶段和工作面回采阶段涌水量影响较大。煤矿建井阶段,矿井涌水量随着巷道掘进进尺增加而增加,但单位进尺涌水量变化不大,平均涌水量为0.008 32 m3/（h·m）。工作面回采前将钻孔水量降至5.0 m3/h以下,水压降至1.0 MPa左右,实现了顶板含水层静储量充分疏放目标。首采面和接续面回采阶段,矿井涌水量呈"阶梯式"平稳增加,矿井涌水量与采空区半径呈线性正相关关系。通过对侏罗系深埋煤层开采过程中矿井涌水量变化规律和影响因素的研究,可以为其他矿井建设和工作面回采提供安全保障和科学依据。 相似文献
14.
打通一煤矿西区开采对地表影响程度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从分析矿井西区的地形地貌、地质构造、地层、水文地质条件和开采技术条件入手,对W2701工作面开采后的地表裂缝、地表水体和地面塌陷进行了调查,推算煤层开采后的冒落带和裂隙带的高度分别为40．90m和140．22m,而该区煤层埋深为450-600m,说明在正常开采下,不会对地表产生影响。但随着开采强度的增大,煤系地层上覆岩层中一些未探明隐伏裂隙的存在,可能会间接影响到地表。据此提出了设立岩移观测站、建立预警系统、留设安全煤柱等预防措施。 相似文献
15.
针对陕西彬长矿区复合煤层联合开采工作面的涌水异常,通过总结涌水特征,找出了涌水与地层、地质构造、地层压力等之间的联系,并从涌水水源、导水通道、涌水机理3个方面分析了涌水异常的原因。分析认为,受开采强度和安定组地层因素影响,洛河组已成为煤层开采的直接或间接充水含水层;褶曲构造产生的大倾角地层利于导水裂隙带发育,是形成密集出水区段条带特征的直接原因;区域地层具备产生离层水的条件,而特殊的煤层组合关系及开采顺序是造成工作面涌水峰值巨大的主要原因。 相似文献
16.
Jun-wen Zhang Hai-long Wang Shao-jie Chen 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):235-245
2351 working face with paste backfill method of Daizhuang coal mine in eastern China is selected as engineering background, bearing characteristics of backfill body and supporting intensity of hydraulic support during coal pillar mining with paste backfill are researched. Researches show that: Even if the confining pressure is only 1 Mpa, the paste backfill material shows typical plasticity hardening. The overlying strata of working face with paste backfill method include fractured zone, continuous deformation zone, don’t include caved zone. The distribution of vertical stress above the backfill body is not a horizontal line nor presents saddle-shaped, but presents a wave distribution. The stress above backfill body does not appear abrupt change but tends to be increasing at first and stable at last. The mechanical model of roof stability during coal pillar mining with paste backfill is built, and the mechanics related formula of supporting intensity is also concluded. The hydraulic supports used in 2351 working face can control the roof subsidence effectively, but the efficiency of hydraulic supports is lower, which should be optimized properly. 相似文献
17.
Xingsheng Zhang Huaichang Yu Jinyu Dong Shipeng Liu Zhiquan Huang Jianxiu Wang Henry Wong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(20):705
The major environmental consequence of coal mining is anthropogenic land subsidence. In particular, mine subsidence can cause damage to public and private infrastructure such as railroads, roads, pipelines and buildings. What is more, it is an engineering problem which troubles engineering construction and safety. Ground surface deformation is related to the measure of mining and the deformation mechanism of overlying strata above the gob. In this paper, a physical and numerical model on the subsidence of longwall mining within a geotechnical setting is presented. The physical model is developed within the framework of physical similar law and geological model in Henan Province, China. The numerical solution is developed within continuum poromechanics and finite element setting. The law of overlying strata deformation is obtained according to physical model experiment and numerical simulation. 相似文献
18.
硬厚覆岩的破断与结构将发生显著的变化。针对汝箕沟煤矿二2煤层上覆厚层石英砂岩条件,采用现场实测、数值模拟、理论分析及现场试验等方法,研究了硬厚覆岩裂隙发育特征、破断运动、矿压显现特征及断顶控制技术,为硬厚覆岩工作面灾害防治提供了依据。研究表明,硬厚石英砂岩的微观结构致密完整,呈现大面积悬空、大步距破断运动,引起强烈的支架动载,甚至导致工作面风流逆转、沟通上部采空区隐形火区;硬厚岩层破断运移后产生明显的离层空间,并在开切眼上部和工作面上部及采空区中部形成覆岩主裂隙带,且发育高度大于经验计算数值,甚至与上方采空区沟通诱发灾害;实施开切眼深孔断顶爆破及降低工作面采高,有效缩短了硬厚岩层的初次破断步距,降低了支架动载及主裂隙带高度。 相似文献
19.
蒙陕深埋矿区属于新开发矿区,煤炭开采扰动下水文地质特征仍不清楚,基建和生产过程中发生了多种类型的水害问题,其中工作面回采过程中和回采结束后的涌水变化特征研究处于空白,给井下排水系统设置和防治水工作开展增加了难度。为查清工作面回采前后的全生命周期涌水量演化规律,开展顶板含水层分布、导水裂隙带发育、涌水量变化等方面的实测研究。结果表明：煤层顶板地层均属于河流/河湖相沉积,空间上呈含隔水层互层状展布,隔水层的主要岩性为泥岩、砂质泥岩;受控于鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡的单斜构造,含煤地层高程在蒙陕接壤区最低,其顶板侏罗纪煤系含水层属于区域性地下水滞流区。煤层顶板地层在中生代沉积旋回作用下,发育了3层直接充水含水层,其中直罗组七里镇砂岩(Ⅰ号含水层)距离3-1煤层顶板77.4～109.4 m,呈富水强、水压高的特点;导水裂隙带实测高度为103.4 m,裂采比18.8,工作面回采过程中导水裂隙带将发育至Ⅰ号含水层。工作面回采前期,随着导水裂隙带向上发育沟通不同含水层,采空区涌水量呈阶段性增加,工作面回采至300 m左右,采空区涌水出现第一个峰值;工作面回采中后期,导水裂隙带持续周期性发育,导致顶板含水层... 相似文献
20.
为了有效地提高高位钻孔的瓦斯抽采效果,采用数值模拟方法分析了祁南矿34下2工作面开采过程中覆岩的裂隙发育规律和离层率变化规律。判定了煤层上覆岩层冒落带和裂隙带分布范围;确定了钻孔法距参数的最佳范围为距32煤层顶板12~22 m的岩层区域。研究成果可为其他工作面高位钻孔的优化设计提供参考。 相似文献