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细长杆与圆孔孔壁接触碰撞问题的动力间隙元法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过在任意曲率的细长杆节点和圆孔孔壁之间构造一种虚拟单元－－动力间隙元，将任意曲率的细长杆与圆孔孔壁连接起来，使其间的接触碰撞问题转化为平衡方程问题。文中针对石油工程中钻柱这类典型的细长杆与圆形井壁的接触碰撞问题进行了求解。结果表明，动力间隙元能较好地解决细长杆（如钻柱）与圆孔孔壁（如井壁）的接触碰撞问题。 相似文献
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华北地区构造应力场,断层滑动速率与强震的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在华北地区选择了１８个震例（Ｍ≥６．０），以断层滑动速率，应力主轴方向，断层走向为因子对震级作了二元线性回归分析。同时又作了震级与滑动速率之间的一元分析，并将这两种分析作了对比。结果表明：（１）二元回归分析优于一元分析；（２）断层滑动速率，应力主轴方向与断层走向之间的夹角α是决定震级大小的两个主要因素，（３）Ｍ≥３．５级的地震与断层活动与否无关；（４）运用二元分析公式可以进行震级预测，并可以对历史 相似文献
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以一座矮塔斜拉桥为研究对象,分析碰撞调谐质量阻尼器对于该结构的抑震效果。首先介绍了新型碰撞调谐质量阻尼器（Pounding Tuned Mass Damper,PTMD）的减震机理及基于接触单元的非线性碰撞力模型;之后,通过ANSYS软件中的APDL语言实现了PTMD减震系统的时域分析方法,并通过三条实际地震记录验证了PTMD的抑震效果。数值分析结果表明:（1）传统调谐质量阻尼器（tuned mass damper,TMD）及新型PTMD对于矮塔斜拉桥的位移、加速度及塔身弯矩响应均有较好的抑制效果;（2）PTMD相比传统TMD多了一种碰撞耗能模式,其减震效果略高于传统TMD。 相似文献
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大别山北缘两次俯冲(碰撞)的岩石学和构造学证据 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
大别山北缘北淮阳境内的马畈岩体（（４６２．７±１．５） Ｍａ）、笃祜店岩体（（２９３ ± １２） Ｍａ）、苏仙石岩体（（１４６．２± ０．９） Ｍａ）分别形成在加里东、海西和燕山构造阶段．岩石学研究表明３期岩体均为Ｉ型花岗岩,马畈岩体和笃祜店岩体具有陆弧花岗岩特点,是破坏性板块边缘产物;苏仙石岩体具有碰撞后隆升花岗岩特点．构造分析显示三者变形特点明显不同：马畈岩体经历了加里东、印支－燕山期变形,变形较为复杂;笃祜店岩体经历了印支－燕山期变形,变形强度大;苏仙石岩体经历了燕山期变形,变形强度小．根据区域地层、区域构造和同位素年代学综合分析,在古生代,扬子板块曾两次向华北板块之下消减、碰撞．早期（约 ４００ Ｍａ）碰撞形成北淮阳结晶基底并伴有加里东期高压榴辉岩,晚期（２３０ Ｍａ）碰撞形成大别山造山带并伴有高压－超高压岩石的形成,大别山北缘的北淮阳构造带具有多旋回碰撞缝合带特点． 相似文献
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本文分析了我国１９００年以来Ｍ＿ｓ≥７．０级地震前与断层面总面积有关的参量ΣＥ￣（２／３）随时间的变化，探讨了运用ΣＥ￣（２／３）－ｔ曲线进行中期地震预报的可能性。通过分析某一地区历史地震的Ｅ￣（２／３）（ｔ）曲线，可以认识这一地区在过去若干年内地震的活动情况，并由此判断该区未来几年到几十年内地震活动的总状态；还可以根据Ｅ￣（２／３）（ｔ）曲线外推估计一个地区目前地震活动的可能强度。本文对Ｅ￣（２／３）（ｔ）曲线的基本形态作了粗略的分类，并试图对一个地区历史地震系列的Ｅ￣（２／３）（ｔ）曲线，用灾变论的观点确定该曲线的灾变条件和时间，以建立一种可应用的地震预报方法。 相似文献
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采用有限元方法模拟了近20万年来青藏高原岩石圈形变演化过程，探讨了印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞对中国大陆岩石层形变和应力场的影响以及它们与强地震活动性的关系.结合现代GPS、地震和地质学观测的结果，对比分析了中国大陆在百万年、十万年和十年尺度上的形变和构造应力场的基本格局.研究表明：（1）印度-欧亚大陆的碰撞以及印度大陆的持续向北推进、挤压所产生的应力环境，一直主导了以青藏高原为核心的我国西部地域岩石圈构造、运动和演化，但其影响随着远离青藏高原地区而逐渐变小.（2）断层滑移和重力势作用对于青藏高原东西部以及塔里木盆地的影响相当大，它们导致青藏高原岩石层东西向形变速率增大，对青藏高原的中南部地区产生拉张效应，同时导致塔里木盆地出现整体的右旋趋势.（3）青藏高原区域水平方向形变速率和GPS观测结果吻合较好.但在垂直方向上，一些地区计算结果与观测数据相差较大，这说明单纯的挤压作用不是现代青藏高原隆升的惟一机制.现代青藏高原的隆升可能与其他驱动机制，如地幔对流、重力均衡以及剥蚀作用等有关.（4）印度板块的挤压作用基本上决定了中国大陆西部的主压应力场分布.（5）印度板块的碰撞对中国大陆的强地震活动性有重要影响，但华北地区是个例外，该地区的地震活动性很强而印度板块的挤压在该区域产生的影响却很小，说明其他的驱动力在一定程度上活化了华北地块. 相似文献
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关于秦岭造山带最东段──胶南－荣成碰撞带边界划分的看法王沛成（山东省地质矿产局区域地质调查队胶州２６６３００）胶南－荣成碰撞带为秦岭造山带最东段的延伸部分，近年来，众多学者对其构造演化、榴辉岩地质、同位素测年及大地构造归属等问题进行了深入的探讨。笔考 相似文献
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简述了地震中观察到的桥梁结构地震碰撞现象,以及已经发展的各种模拟地震碰撞现象的理论分析模型.在此基础上,对桥梁碰撞反应发生机理、碰撞对结构构件抗震能力的影响以及有关防止碰撞发生及防止落梁的有效措施等方面的研究进展进行了回顾和总结.展望了有待进一步研究的问题,包括开展大比例尺的实桥模型地震碰撞试验研究、空间地震动对长跨梁... 相似文献
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A phenomenological contact‐element model considering slight non‐uniform contact for pounding analysis of highway bridges under seismic excitations 
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下载免费PDF全文 Impact stiffness is an important parameter of the contact‐element models for the analysis and prediction of the pounding responses of highway bridges subjected to seismic excitations. This paper presents a pounding experiment to investigate the inconsistencies between the theoretical and experimental values of the impact stiffness both for the linear impact model and Kelvin impact model presented in literature. The analysis of the impact acceleration and acoustic emission signals indicates that accelerometer performance and the non‐uniform pounding are two important factors that affect the pounding responses. Based on this observation, a phenomenological contact‐element model is proposed based on the actual contact state of highway bridges during the impact. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed impact model, a numerical simulation is subsequently conducted. A comparison of the results indicates that the proposed impact model can effectively predict the pounding responses of highway bridges. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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地震作用下隔震简支梁桥碰撞反应的振动台试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由地震引发的碰撞是影响桥梁地震反应以及造成桥梁破坏的重要因素。本文对地震作用下隔震简支梁桥的碰撞反应进行了振动台试验。设计制作1个两跨简支的隔震梁桥模型,试验研究了梁间隙、邻梁质量比、隔震支座类型等参数对桥梁碰撞反应的影响。试验结果表明邻梁间隙、邻梁质量比、隔震支座类型等参数对桥梁的碰撞反应有着显著的影响。邻梁间隙越大,碰撞次数越少;邻梁质量比越大,撞击力越大。铅芯橡胶支座比板式橡胶支座耗能能力更强,可以有效降低邻梁之间的撞击力甚至避免碰撞发生。从而为桥梁防碰撞设计提供了可靠的试验依据。 相似文献
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Shehata E. Abdel Raheem 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(4):1705-1724
Post-earthquake damages investigation in past and recent earthquakes has illustrated that the building structures are vulnerable to severe damage and/or collapse during moderate to strong ground motion. Among the possible structural damages, seismic induced pounding has been commonly observed in several earthquakes. A parametric study on buildings pounding response as well as proper seismic hazard mitigation practice for adjacent buildings is carried out. Three categories of recorded earthquake excitation are used for input excitations. The effect of impact is studied using linear and nonlinear contact force model for different separation distances and compared with nominal model without pounding consideration. The severity of the impact depends on the dynamic characteristics of the adjacent buildings in combination with the earthquake characteristics. Pounding produces acceleration and shear forces/stresses at various story levels that are greater than those obtained from the no pounding case, while the peak drift depends on the input excitation characteristics. Also, increasing gap width is likely to be effective when the separation is sufficiently wide to eliminate contact. Furthermore, it is effective to provide a shock absorber device system for the mitigation of impact effects between adjacent buildings with relatively narrow seismic gaps, where the sudden changes of stiffness during poundings can be smoothed. This prevents, to some extent, the acceleration peaks due to impact. The pounding forces exerted on the adjacent buildings can be satisfactorily reduced. 相似文献
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Seismic pounding between adjacent frames in multiple-frame bridges and girder ends in multi-span simply supported bridges has been commonly observed in several recent earthquakes. The consequences of pounding include damage to piers, abutments, shear keys, bearings and restrainers, and possible collapse of deck spans. This paper investigates pounding in bridges from an analytical perspective. A simplified nonlinear model of a multiple-frame bridge is developed including the effects of inelastic frame action and nonlinear hinge behavior, to study the seismic response to longitudinal ground motion. Pounding is implemented using the contact force-based Kelvin model, as well as the momentum-based stereomechanical approach, Parameter studies are conducted to determine the effects of frame period ratio, column hysteretic behavior, energy dissipation during impact and near source ground motions on the pounding response of the bridge. The results indicate that pounding is most critical for highly out-of-phase frames and is not significant for frame period ratios greater than 0.7. Impact models without energy dissipation overestimate the displacement and acceleration amplifications due to impact, especially for elastic behavior of the frames. Representation of stiffness degradation in bridge columns is essential in capturing the accurate response of pounding frames subjected to far field ground motion. Finally, it is shown that strength degradation and pounding can result in significant damage to the stiffer frames of the bridge when subjected to large acceleration pulses from near field ground motion records. 相似文献
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针对双薄臂高墩连续刚构桥两侧桥台处主梁与背墙的碰撞现象,基于桥台-背土作用简化模型和Kelvin碰撞模型,采用非线性时程法研究碰撞对双薄臂墩地震剪力、弯矩、曲率和位移,以及支座纵向变形的影响。提出可牺牲背墙、阻尼器、加强型横系梁等三种减碰措施,并对比分析其减碰效果。研究表明:碰撞会显著增大高墩的地震内力和曲率响应,降低墩顶位移和支座的纵向变形;碰撞刚度的变化对碰撞效应的影响在20%以内;可牺牲背墙和阻尼器两种减碰措施均可大幅降低桥墩的地震内力和曲率,使其接近不考虑碰撞时的状态,阻尼器同时还可以保护支座不超过容许变形,而可牺牲背墙则会导致支座的地震破坏;加强型横系梁不能发挥减碰作用,反而会增大桥墩的地震响应。 相似文献
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Pounding between adjacent superstructures has been a major cause of highway bridge damage in the past several earthquakes. This paper presents an experimental and analytical study on pounding reduction of highway bridges subjected to earthquake ground motions by using magnetorheological (MR) dampers. An analytical model, which incorporates structural pounding and MR dampers, is developed. A series of shaking table tests on a 1:20 scaled base‐isolated bridge model are performed to investigate the effects of pounding between adjacent superstructures on the dynamics of the structures. Based on the test results, the parameters of the linear and the nonlinear viscoelastic impact models are identified. Performance of the semiactive system for reducing structural pounding is also investigated experimentally, in which the MR dampers are used in conjunction with the proposed control strategy, to verify the effectiveness of the MR dampers. Structural responses are also simulated by using the established analytical model and compared with the shaking table test results. The results show that pounding between adjacent superstructures of the highway bridge significantly increases the structural acceleration responses. For the base‐isolated bridge model considered here, the semiactive control system with MR dampers effectively precludes pounding. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Implications of seismic pounding on the longitudinal response of multi-span bridges - an analytical perspective 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ReginaldDesRoches SusendarMuthukumar 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2004,3(1):57-65
Seismic pounding between adjacent frames in multiple-frame bridges and girder ends in multi-span simply supported bridges has been commonly observed in several recent earthquakes. The consequences of pounding include damage to piers, abutments, shear keys, bearings and restrainers, and possible collapse of deck spans. This paper investigates pounding in bridges from an analytical perspective. A simplified nonlinear model of a multiple-frame bridge is developed including the effects of inelastic frame action and nonlinear hinge behavior, to study the seismic response to longitudinal ground motion. Pounding is implemented using the contact force-based Kelvin model, as well as the momentum-based stereomechanical approach. Parameter studies are conducted to determine the effects of frame period ratio, column hysteretic behavior, energy dissipation during impact and near source ground motions on the pounding response of the bridge. The results indicate that pounding is most critical for highly out-of-phase frames and is not significant for frame period ratios greater than 0.7. Impact models without energy dissipation overestimate the displacement and acceleration amplifications due to impact, especially for elastic behavior of the frames. Representation of stiffness degradation in bridge columns is cssential in capturing the accurate response of pounding frames subjected to far field ground motion. Finally, it is shown that strength degradation and pounding can result in significant damage to the stiffer frames of the bridge when subjected to large acceleration pulses from near field ground motion records. 相似文献
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Pounding between adjacent structures during earthquakes may significantly modify their response in terms of forces and displacements. In addition, it has a considerable influence on acceleration and thus on floor response spectra. Therefore, pounding may be unfavorable to the response of equipment. Despite extensive research in this field, the effects of pounding on structures are difficult to quantify accurately. This article presents results of shake table tests carried out on two representative scale adjacent structures subject to pounding. Besides investigating the effects of the gap between structures and the excitation signal, this study examines also the effect of tying the two structures together by means of rigid links to suppress pounding. The results of the experimental campaign are then compared with those of numerical simulations. Analyses and experimental results show good agreement regarding both impact forces and interstorey drifts. 相似文献