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1.
This paper examines spatio-temporal characteristics of an oasis economy and its relationship with water and mineral resources in the Turim River Basin from 1965 to 2005. A spatial autocorrelation model, the center of gravity model, and index system of the regional central city are used to probe the evolution laws of spatial structure of oasis economy. The study finds that: 1) The economic centre of gravity, whose variation track during this period follows linear rote law, was moving from headstream to middle reaches of the Tarim River. 2) Positive spatial autocorrelation which showed a waving and ascending trend of regional economy was significant and the neighbor effect of regional economic growth was strengthened continuously. 3) The regional economic centre was located in Hotan City before 1980, moved to Aksu City during the 1980s and to Korla City after 1990. We conclude that above all, during the recent four decades the evolution of the oasis economy in this region has gone through three stages: a traditional agriculture stage (before 1980), oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage (1980-1990) and oasis energy industry stage (after 1990). Furthermore, the dependence degree of the oasis economy on natural resources in different stages are studied by using dominance index, regression model, and grey relation method, which shows that an oasis economy highly depends on water resources in the oasis agriculture and agricultural product processing stage while it depends more on mineral resources such as oil and natural gas during the oasis energy industry stage. 相似文献
2.
MIKE BASIN支持下的流域水文建模与水资源管理分析——以西藏达孜县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于ArcView GIS平台,利用流域水资源规划管理软件工具MIKE BASIN,以西藏达孜县为试验区,采用50×50m格网DEM数据,开展拉萨河流域内的地表水的产汇计算,并进行流域水资源合理配置研究。本文建立了流域供需水的空间分析网络,对各汇流区进行流域模拟分析,研究结果以直观的专题图表显示,为本区的流域水资源管理提供了可视化的研究框架。 相似文献
3.
4.
陈昌毓 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1996,6(3):247-258
ＷＡＴＥＲＲＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＩＮＱＩＬＩＡＮＭＯＵＮＴＡＩＮＯＵＳＲＥＧＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＮＥＣＯ－ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴＯＦＨＥＸＩＣＯＲＲＩＤＯＲ￥ＣｈｅｎＣｈａｎｇｙｕ（ＭｅｔｅｏｒｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＧａｎｓｕＰ... 相似文献
5.
新疆绿洲城镇对称图谱及其生态经济模式分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
李建新 《地球信息科学学报》2004,6(2):115-119
天山南北的绿洲城镇以天山为轴对称,分布图案似一副向西张开的弓箭。在局部区域绿洲分布呈线形、弧形、扇形和放射形模式。绿洲经济以水土资源和矿产资源为依赖,中心城市的形成不以城市配位数和平均距离的大小为关键条件。县级中心城镇人口低于10万,平均配位数为3.50,平均距离144km;地市级中心城市人口10～60万,平均配位数4.25,平均距离450km;西部地区百万人口大城市的平均距离约2000km。绿洲人口持续增长,人口密度233人/km2,超过德国人口密度230人/km2。受控于景观带谱对称格局,生态保护政策将使绿洲转向岛国经济模式,发展经济必须跨越自然空间。工业化和城市化是绿洲发展的必然途径,以发展中小城市为主线。距离省府乌鲁木齐2000km以内的配位经济中心难以带动新疆经济跨越式发展,经济跨越式发展的动力模式,不是城市等级配位分布网络的稳定模式,而是经济差级配位模式。乌鲁木齐处于欧亚大陆新丝绸之路欧亚大陆桥中点处经济地理线形谷地位置。欧亚大陆东部与西部沿海经济中心可以作为与新疆经济合作的优先目标。 相似文献
6.
North China, whose total area is 420,000 km2, covers 2 provinces and 2 cities (Shanxi and Hebei provinces, Beijing and Tianjin) and the territories of Henan and Shandong provinces to the north of the Huanghe (Yellow) River, and part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Liaoning Province. Most of this region, which is situated in the semi-humid, semi-arid continental climate temperate zone, gets an annual precipitation of 500-600 mm, whereas, the perennial average amount of total water resource is 50.99 billion m3, including 33.82 billion m3 of surface water, 32.94 billion m3 of ground water and 15.77 billion m3 of their duplication. Due to the intensive exploitation of water resource caused by the deficiency of water resource in North China, key elements of water balance was changed, runoff volume reduced, evaporation increased, vertical movement of moisture strengthened, water circulation pattern transformed from open system into regionally closed system; meanwhile, due to the incompetent water 相似文献
7.
On the basis of the study on areal differentiation of the natural environment of oasis agriculture ecosystems in the Shiyang River Basin, this paper comparatively analyzes the natural productivities, water economic benefits, production efficiency, ecological stabilities and developmental conditions of the Wuwei Oasis agricultural ecosystem in the middle reaches of the river basin and the Minqin Oasis agricultural ecosystem in the lower reaches. Under a same management level and investment of . material and energy, primary productiveness and economic benefits of the former are higher than those of the latter. Construction directions of Wuwei and Minqin oases should be different in order to alleviate the water- use contradiction between the middle and lower reaches. The construction objective of Wuwei Oasis should be efficient irrigated farming production system and Minqin Oasis should become a mixed forestry-pastoral-farming ecosystem taking ecological protection as its major function. 相似文献
8.
黑河流域地处西北干旱区,水资源短缺是限制其中游绿洲农业发展、下游生态环境保护的首要原因。该流域的中游绿洲农业用水约占总用水量的80%,因此农业节水对流域发展至关重要。在干旱区绿洲农业节水探索中,众多学者主张通过节水技术来提高用水效率,而关于农业种植结构调整对农业节水影响的定量研究较少。本文采用2012年黑河流域蒸散发数据、土地利用数据、降水数据和农业经济统计数据,定量分析黑河中游主要作物需水特征和用水效率差异,尝试从调整作物种植结构角度为其绿洲农业节水提供依据。结果表明：(1)研究区4种主要作物中,玉米生长期需水量最大,其次为小麦、油菜和大麦;(2)考虑降水补给,发现大麦和油菜生长需水可很大程度上依赖降水,而小麦和玉米则需要灌溉,且玉米灌溉需水量远超小麦;(3)作物用水效率由高到低依次为大麦、油菜、小麦和玉米。从用水效率角度而言,考虑种植区位,在黑河中游适当扩大小麦种植规模更有利于提高中游农业用水效率。 相似文献
9.
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for water resources carrying capacity in Tarim River Basin, Xinjiang, China 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
This paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation of water resources carrying capacity and sets up an evaluation model applying the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the data of nature, society, economics and water resources of the Tarim River Basin in 2002, we evaluated the water resources carrying capacity of the basin by means of the model. The results show that the comprehensive grades are 0.438 and 0.454 for Aksu and Kashi prefectures respectively, where the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree and there is only a very limited water carrying capacity, 0.620 for Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, where water resources carrying capacity is much higher, and in between for Hotan Prefecture and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture. As a whole, the comprehensive grade of the Tarim River Basin is 0.508 and the current water resources exploitation and utilization has reached a relative high degree. Thus, we suggest that the integrated management of the water resources in the basin should be strengthened in order to utilize water resources scientifically and sustainably. 相似文献
10.
1 INTRODUCTION The Ussuri / Wusuli River watershed is located in the southeast part of Heilongjiang Province of China, which joins remote regions of Russia. The watershed consists of approximately 26 000 000 ha, which is about two thirds of the watershed ecosystem in Russia, one third in China. The Ussuri River forms part of the border between Russia and China, the shared border stretches more than 1100 km. Khanka/Xingkai Lake lies within both China and Russia. Its total area … 相似文献
11.
Zhang Ji-shi Zhang Yong-qiu Pu Rui-feng Chen Ren-sheng Cheng Zhong-shan Wang Ming-quan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(3):238-244
The research on the present situation of soil and water development and utilization in Shiyang River Basin shows that water
resources and eco-environment situation in this area are near the edge of collapse. Since the water crises occurred in the
1970s, problems caused by continuous decrease of water resources have been becoming serious year by year and eco-environment
crisis occurred as a consequence. Up to now, 10 380ha of irrigated lands have been abandoned due to sand coverage and water
shortage in the basin. Ground water was over exploded in Wuwei and Minqin because of water shortage. Ground water table in
many places dropped under 5m (which is the ecology water table level), thus about 3000ha of Elaeagnus angustifolia forest come to dead and another 5800ha become feeble, and wind-drift sand near the oasis become alive. According to the current
situation, if water utilization scope was not enlarged, a water transfer volume of 600×106m3/a from other areas will be suitable to keep water resources and eco-environment safety in the basin, and also 70×106m3/a will be left as spare water. Under this condition the water resources and eco-environment of the basin can reach the critical
safety line of 2.032×109m3/a; or if 180×106m3 of water can be transferred from other areas, the water resources can reach the safety warning line of 1.732×109m3/a.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40235053) and Lanzhou Jiaotong
University "Qinglan" Foundation
Biography: ZHANG Ji-shi (1963-), male, a native of Tongwei of Gansu Province, senior engineer, specialized in water resources
and climate change in Northwest China. E-mail: zjs1963@yahoo.com.cn; hangjs@mail.lzjtu.cn 相似文献
12.
THE BALANCE BETWEEN SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF WATER RESOURCES AND THE WATER—SAVING POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURE IN THE HEXI CORRIDOR 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The Hexi Corridor is an important base of agriculture development in Northwest China. According to recent statistics, there
are 65.94×108m3 of water resources available in the Hexi Corridor. At present, net consumption in development and utilization is 43.33×108m3. Water supply and demand reach a balance on the recent level of production, but loss of evaporation and evapotranspiration
is as much as 25.69×108m3. So net use efficiency of water resources is 59%. Based on analyzing balance between water and land considering ecological
environment at present, there exists the serious water shortage in the Shiyang River system where irrigation lands have overloaded.
There is a comparative balance between supply and demand of water resource in the Heihe River system; and the Sule River system
has some surplus water to extend irrigation land. Use of agriculture water accounts for 83.3% and ecological forest and grass
for 6.9%. The Hexi Corridor still has a great potential for water saving in agriculture production. Water-saving efficiency
of irrigation is about 10% by using such traditional technologies as furrow and border-dike irrigation and small check irrigation,
and water-saving with plastic film cover and techniques of advanced sprinkler and drip/micro irrigation etc. cansave more
than 60% of irrigated water. Incremental irrigation area for water-saving potential in the Hexi Corridor has been estimated
as 56% – 197% to original irrigation area. So the second water sources can be developed from water saving agriculture in the
Hexi Corridor under Development of the Western Part of China in large scale. This potential can be realized step by step through
developing the water-saving measures, improving the ecological condition of oasis agriculture, and optimizing allocation of
water resources in three river systems.
Foundation item: Under the auspices of the Key innovation Project Engineering of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZcx-1-10-03)
Biography: GAO Qian-zhao (1942 –), male, a native of Changzhou, Jiangsu, Professor and supervisor of Ph. D students. His research
interests include hydrology and rational utilization of water resources in the arid zone. 相似文献
13.
郭大本 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1991,1(2):141-153
According to practical measurement and related data, the writer discusses the main features of rivers in the Sanjiang Plain and the change of water balance with time and space, and then estimates water resources of five types, namely, runoff, ground water, soil water, and water supplied by three rivers and lakes (or reservoirs).The total volume of the above-mentioned water resources can be up to 31.5 billion m3. But they are rather unevenly distributed and the annual change is considerable, too. Up to now, only 8.3% of water resources have been utilized. According to a programme, 17.5 billion m3 will be utilized in the future in the district. Rationally exploiting water resources in the district should be combined with protection and management, and the sole criterion for judging rationality of utilization is that whether it is beneficial to economic, ecologic and social aspects. 相似文献
14.
绿洲演变动态监测的遥感分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
绿洲演变是绿洲研究的核心问题。针对干旱区绿洲的特点,阐述了绿洲变化及其研究的特点和内容,在此基础上,以玛纳斯绿洲为例,分析了绿洲属性变化和空间位置变迁的遥感应用。研究表明,遥感技术进行短时间尺度内的绿洲属性变化研究,可以比较准确地掌握在特定时间内绿洲组分、结构及功能的变化情况。同时通过遥感影像反映出的水系变迁信息,结合地貌学的相关理论和绿洲的逐水竞生性,研究河道、扇缘、阶地等地貌类型与绿洲变化的关系,进而从更长时间尺度上分析绿洲空间位置变迁过程的方法。 相似文献
15.
黄河流域(济阳段)地热资源丰富,阐明地热田的成因机制对区域地热水资源的开发利用和黄河流域高质量发展具有重要意义。以黄河流域(济阳段)齐广断裂以南灰岩热储为研究对象,进行水化学分析和同位素分析,结果表明研究区地热水水化学类型主要为SO4·Cl-Ca·Na型、SO4-Ca·Na型、HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型、SO4-Ca型,地热水总体上受大气降水的入渗补给,地热水补给区高程范围为497.81～2117.97m,地热水属于亚现代与近期补给的混合水和现代水。 相似文献
16.
南京市九乡河流域土地利用程度空间异质性分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
定量分析九乡河流域土地利用程度及其空间异质性,对确定该流域土地资源利用和保护方向、实现土地资源可持续利用具有重要意义.以2003和2009年2期遥感影像为基本信息,利用空间自相关以及半变异函数分析方法,探讨了2003- 2009年九乡河流域土地利用程度的空间异质性特征,结果表明:流域土地利用程度的空间自相关表现出较强的... 相似文献
17.
The mountainous hydrological process usually shows high variation to climate change and human action. In the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR), Southwestern China and Southeast Asian, the transboundary runoff variations are much more sensitive and complex under the interaction of climate change, “corridor-barrier” functions in LRGR, and dams building. In this paper, based on the long hydrological records (1956-2013) from three mainstream hydrological stations in Nu River, Lancang River, and Red River, the region runoff variations were analyzed. The results show out: i) the regional runoff changes were strongly influenced by the “Corridor-Barrier” functions in LRGR from west to east, the variability extent of annual runoff increased, but tended to decrease after 2009 and the reduced extents also increased; ii) the annual runoff change in the three rivers had high concentration degrees; iii) there were periodicities of 33 years of runoff change in Nu River and Lancang River, and 30 years in Red River, and the lower flow period would continue for 8-9 years in Nu River and Lancang River but only for 4 years in Red River; iv) since 2010, as the two mega dams of Xiaowan and Nuozhadu built in Lancang River mainstream, their variations of annual runoff were quite different. The research results could offer a scientific base for sustainable utilization, conservation, and management of the regional water resources 相似文献
18.
水汽输送及降水模式对流域水文模型及水资源研究具有重要意义。汉江流域水资源对南水北调以及下游生态环境有重要影响,研究汉江流域水汽输送和降水的时空分布特征是水文模拟和水资源环境管理的基础。本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和汉江流域19个气象站点的降水资料,以及GIS数据库和分析工具,分析了汉江流域的水汽通量、可降水量、实测降水量和降水转换率的计算方法;以汉江流域1998年7月的气候再分析资料和降水资料为例,计算并分析了汉江流域1998年7月可降水量与实测降水量的空间分布特征,以及降水转化率的分布特征;探讨了水汽输送、可降水量、实测降水量,以及降水转化率的相关性和空间分布特征。通过分析汉江流域1981-2010年的可降水量和实际降水量的分布表明,汉江流域可降水量与降水量变化趋势基本相同,降水转换率近年有所增加。 相似文献
19.
《山地科学学报》2021,(10)
Climate change has significantly affected hydrological processes and increased the frequency and severity of water shortage, droughts and floods in northeast China. A study has been conducted to quantify the influence of climate change on the hydrologic process in the Tao'er River Basin(TRB), one of the most prominent regions in northeast China for water contradiction. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model was calibrated and validated with observed land use and hydro-climatic data and then employed for runoff simulations at upper, middle and lower reaches of the river basin for different climate change scenarios. The results showed that a gradual increase in temperature and decrease in annual precipitation in the basin was projected for the period 2020-2050 for both representative concentration pathways(RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. The climate changes would cause a decrease in annual average runoff at basin outlet by 12 and 23 million m3 for RCP4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The future runoff in the upstream and midstream of the basin during 2020-2050 would be-10.8% and-12.1% lower than the observed runoff compared to the base period for RCP4.5, while those would be-5.3% and-10.7% lower for RCP8.5. The future runoff will decrease at three hydrology stations for the assumed future climate scenarios. The results can help us understand the future temperature and precipitation trends and the hydrological cycle process under different climate change scenarios, and provide the basis for the rational allocation and management of water resources under the influence of future climate change in the TRB. 相似文献
20.
泰安市西南25km处的大汶口盆地东部出露泰山南麓最大的上泉岩溶泉群。上泉泉域边界清晰,受断裂构造、地层岩性控制。泉域东部云亭山、南山一带丘陵区寒武-奥陶纪碳酸盐岩夹碎屑岩裸露地表,接受大气降水直接入渗补给,西部山前倾斜平原地带浅覆盖或半裸露,除接受大气降水下渗补给外,还接受南留河渗漏和胜利水库季节性放水农灌回渗水补给,地下水动态受补给作用影响明显。泉域多年平均大气降水补给资源量约190万m~3,南留河渗漏补给资源量约259万m~3,农灌回渗水补给资源量约52万m~3,合计约501万m~3,扣除上泉泉群排泄量34万m~3,工农业和生活用水开采量约222万m~3,剩余约245万m~3在向泉域下游径流中逐渐向上顶托越流排泄于第四系松散岩类孔隙含水层中。为保护上泉泉群景观资源,本着"先看后用"的原则,应禁止在泉群上游增采岩溶地下水,可在泉群下游隐伏寒武纪炒米店组灰岩、张夏组灰岩分布区适当布井,夺取部分径流排泄资源量对泉群喷涌不会产生大的影响。 相似文献