共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
ZHEN Lin YAN Huimin HU Yunfeng XUE Zhichao XIAO Yu XIE Gaodi MA Jianxia WANG Jijun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(4):315-324
Ecological degradation is a global problem, and ecological restoration technologies have played and will continue to play an important role in its mitigation. However, the lack of systematic research and evaluations of ecological technologies has thus far affected their effective application in vulnerable ecological regions. This study therefore provides an overview of the main technologies for remediating soil and water erosion, desertification, and rock desertification in China and throughout the world. It addresses key issues and recommends approaches for evaluating ecological restoration technologies. Restoration technology emerged as early as 1800. Over the years such technology has changed from single objective applications to multi-purpose, multi-objective applications employing strategies that take into account ecosystem rehabilitation and integrated ecological and socioeconomic development. Along with this technological evolution, different countries have taken pertinent actions as part of their restoration initiatives. However, key issues remain, including the lack of location-specific restoration technologies and a methodological strategy to assess and prioritize existing technologies. This study proposes a four-level analytical hierarchical framework in conjunction with an indicator system that highlights the establishment and adaptation of associative indicators, while also recommending a three-phase evaluation method (TheMert), targeting TheMert to qualitative (quick and extensive) and quantitative (detailed) evaluations in order to select the most appropriate restoration technologies available. This study can also be used as a basis for understanding the evaluation and prioritization of restoration technologies, while increasing the awareness of decision makers and the public on the role of technology in restoring degraded ecosystems. 相似文献
2.
区域石漠化土地可持续利用景观生态规划方法与应用--以桂花河流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国西南喀斯特地区存在着以石漠化为表现形式的土地退化过程,以景观生态学及生态经济学原理为基础,寻求人类活动与自然协调的景观生态安全格局,无疑是实现石漠化土地持续利用的一条重要途径。石漠化土地可持续利用景观生态规划是基于格局优化的目标规划和基于干扰分析的问题规划的结合,并借鉴预案研究的方法和思路。首先确定退化土地安全层次和总体规划目标,提出多种预案进行评价比较,最终要落实到实施措施的空间定位。以桂花河流域石漠化土地可持续利用景观生态规划为例进行了初步研究,通过分析桂花河小流域石漠化土地在不同土地利用类型和不同坡度中的分布,提出优先治理的几种预案,综合比较得出6类土地生态修复和可持续利用模式和各项工程的空间布置。希望能为西南喀斯特地区的石漠化土地综合防治提供有益的参考。 相似文献
3.
塔里木河流域地处我国西北新疆,面积约102×104 km2,是我国丝绸之路经济带建设的核心区。在过去50 a里,塔里木河流域经历了大规模的水土资源开发,经济社会发展的同时,河道断流,湖泊干涸,沙漠化加剧,生物多样性受损,生态隐忧日益加剧,已威胁塔里木河流域绿洲经济发展和社会稳定,严重影响国家"丝绸之路经济带"建设。荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室针对塔里木河流域的生态环境问题,开展了长期的生态监测与科学研究,基于多年监测调查数据,解析了塔里木河荒漠河岸林植被与地下水的关系,揭示了生态系统退化过程和机理,提出了塔里木河下游合理/胁迫/临界地下水位与流域生态需水量,研发提出的退化生态系统修复重建关键技术得到推广应用;提出的重点生态工程建设方案,被纳入《南疆水利规划》;提出的流域水资源管理建议被国家采纳并实施。科技支撑塔里木河流域生态修复及可持续管理,为丝绸之路经济带生态文明建设提供了重要科学依据和示范样板。 相似文献
4.
In the face of increasingly severe ecological degradation in the typical fragile ecological regions around the world, many different ecological technologies (ET) have been developed. However, there is still a lack of any comprehensive analysis of these technologies and the effects of their implementation on regional ecological systems, and this largely limits the promotion of the excellent technologies and their applications. Based on the Web of Science core online database and specific literature screening criteria, 3409 papers were selected to summarize and analyze the development trends, research hotspots and regional comparisons of ecological technology effect research. Furthermore, 19 publications from 14 regions were selected to compare and analyze the effects of eight commonly applied ET: shelterbelt, artificial afforestation, water-saving irrigation, terrace, stereo-agriculture, contour tillage, ban/rest/rotational grazing and fallow/no tillage/minimum tillage. The results show four key features: (1) The research on the effect of ecological technology is still in the period of continuous development. (2) “Erosion” is the largest node in the keyword co-occurrence map of ecological technologies effect research, followed by “management”. (3) Most countries pay attention to the studies of “erosion” and “runoff”, although there are differences in research on the effects of ecological technologies in different countries. (4) The same technology could be applied to different regions but the effects varied, and the ecological technologies that have been implemented have generally achieved good restoration effects; however, the improper use of ecological technologies may bring negative consequences. This study provides important support for ecosystem restoration and improvement in the ecologically degraded areas in China and around the world, and it provides a reference for the export and introduction of excellent technologies. 相似文献
5.
西南岩溶山地乡村景观格局与石漠化调控展望 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西南岩溶山地乡村景观格局石漠化过程的生态认识落后于生态治理措施。面对国家需求,优化乡村景观格 局对石漠化发生过程的调控,未来优先研究领域：⑴识别岩溶山地乡村景观格局的转换、渐变和基本不变的层次 性,测算不同尺度下乡村景观类型及其空间组合的贡献;⑵认识不同类型乡村景观空间分布的生态学意义及其对 区域石漠化整体程度的影响,找出不同乡村景观演化格局下的石漠化效应;⑶厘定岩溶山地高强度人类活动及其 所诱导的乡村景观格局演化对石漠化的作用效应,构建乡村景观石漠化的成因框架;⑷探讨乡村景观格局制约下 有利于石漠化土地恢复的格局优化模拟,丰富人们对岩溶山地乡村石漠化发生过程的理解和认识。 相似文献
6.
中国干旱区沙化土地绿色环保治理技术综述 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
土地沙化是中国面临的严重生态问题。沙化土地治理是中国生态文明建设的重点和难点,也是建设美丽中国必须要面对和解决的问题。在干旱区使用人工植被和草方格机械沙障等措施治理沙化土地效果显著,但同时也存在一定的局限性。针对这些问题,近年来中国学者研发和探索了人工生物土壤结皮等诸多新型、快速的沙化土地绿色环保治理技术。本文评述了2000年以来中国学者在这一领域开展的系列创新性研究,分析了其研究前沿和未来发展趋势,以期为全面、准确认识和评估绿色环保沙化土地治理技术提供重要依据。 相似文献
7.
青藏铁路格拉段铁路建设对沿线沙漠化土地变化的影响,是大家关注的焦点之一。通过利用地理信息系统和遥感监测技术,根据错那湖段Landsat影像、Google Earth影像和气象资料等数据,结合野外实地考察建立解译标志,采用人机交互的目视解译方法,提取青藏铁路错那湖段2001年、2008年和2015年沙漠化土地信息,并对沙漠化土地变化成因进行分析。同时对铁路沿线沙漠化土地的变化进行缓冲区分析。结果表明：（1） 2001—2008年沙漠化土地面积增加2.21 km2,土地沙漠化程度呈减轻趋势;2008—2015年沙漠化土地面积减少8.9 km2,土地沙漠化程度持续减轻。（2） 2001—2008年,沙漠化土地面积的增加主要与人为因素有关,土地沙漠化程度减轻主要与自然因素有关。2008—2015年,沙漠化土地面积的减少以及土地沙漠化程度的减轻主要与人为因素有关。（3） 青藏铁路错那湖段2 km范围内土地沙漠化程度变化最为明显,以沙漠化程度减轻为主要特征,青藏铁路对周边环境的影响范围为2 km。 相似文献
8.
中国深受荒漠化危害,长期以来把防沙治沙作为保护国土生态安全的重要发展战略。北方沙漠化地区现已形成一些成功的治理模式,但是对于具有共性特征的模式类型,缺少系统地分类归纳与特征提炼,研究多关注点上的治理,缺乏从宏观战略层面上的整合与梳理,导致分类结果对实践应用的指导性不强。我们运用文献分析法和归纳法,基于国家防沙治沙战略重点及沙产业发展目标,将中国北方沙漠化治理模式划分为草原生态保护与生态建设综合治理模式、生态固沙措施与节水农业技术结合型模式、特色沙产业与林果产业一体化发展模式、农-林-牧-草多元复合型生态农业模式、庭院生态经济与生态庄园开发模式等五大类型,详细阐明不同模式的技术要点、基本特征、产业结构及实施效果,指出传统研究方法及研究视角等方面存在的不足,进而提出未来应理清不同模式分类研究视角之间的相互关系和内在联系、细化防沙治沙治理模式的定量化分类的研究方法、凝练与总结区域适宜的沙漠化治理模式类型与路径特征,为完善防沙治沙政策提供参考。 相似文献
9.
生态输水是塔里木河流域退化胡杨林生态恢复的主要措施,及时监测和准确评估其恢复成效是优化输水策略、完善胡杨林修复体系的关键。以2013年以来8个胡杨林区为研究对象,基于中高分辨率遥感数据监测不同胡杨林区生态输水前后植被面积、长势及植被覆盖度的时序变化,探讨胡杨林恢复与生态输水的关系。结果表明：（1） 2016年以来整个流域累计漫溢水面为2172.96 km2,占林区总面积的4.39%,主要分布在输水通道两侧及末端10 km范围内。（2） 输水前后林区植被整体呈现由退化到恢复的转变,林区生态恢复水平与年最大漫溢面积显著正相关。（3） 生态恢复成效评估表明,生态恢复最显著的区域是塔里木河中上游和叶尔羌河下游的夏马勒林场,但整个流域远离输水通道的胡杨林仍有退化趋势。合理规划输水通道建设,扩大胡杨林区的受水范围是退化胡杨林生态恢复的关键。 相似文献
10.
明确国土空间生态修复分区是有序实施国土整治与生态修复的前提与基础。重庆市是长江上游生态屏障的最后一道关口,在国家生态安全格局中的战略地位突出。本文以重庆市为例,探讨基于适应性循环模型的国土空间生态修复分区研究框架,构建评价指标体系诊断国土空间系统潜力、连通度和韧性3维属性的时空演变趋势,识别县域单元所处适应性循环阶段,划定国土空间生态修复分区,并明确基于分区的生态修复策略。结果表明：① 2000—2020年重庆市国土空间系统3维属性整体呈现东高西低的空间特征。当前各县域单元大多处于重组阶段、开发阶段和协调开发阶段,少部分处于保护阶段,尚未进入释放阶段。② 重庆市国土空间生态修复分区包含4个大区和9个亚区。总体而言,生态修复区应关注建成区的系统性生态修复工程,加强环境综合改良与治理力度;生态提升区应逐步提高生态保护修复工程的实施标准,优化各类生态要素的协调度,提升综合生态效益;生态控制区应限制国土空间开发强度,降低人类活动干扰的负面影响;生态保育区应优化自然生态系统功能,加强生态保护区管理与生态问题治理。 相似文献
11.
西南岩溶山地生态环境研究进展与若干问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
李阳兵 《云南地理环境研究》2006,18(2):61-65
西南岩溶山地是典型的脆弱生态系统，是中国的关键生态区之一，石漠化逐步扩大等生态退化问题严重制约着该区持续发展，生态亟待恢复重建，但岩溶石漠化治理模式实际上受限于岩溶生态基础理论研究的不足。岩溶山地生态重建与可持续发展研究中应进一步加强地质地貌背景生态效应与生态类型划分问题、岩溶生态系统的恢复重建依赖对生态过程研究的突破、土地利用／土地覆盖的定量研究有待加强、治理模式的尺度性与转型研究，阐明岩溶生态系统的运行过程，提出石漠化类型划分和石漠化分级的科学依据。并通过生态系统评价和生态区评价，诊断存在问题，提出生态系统可持续管理的有效途径和方法。 相似文献
12.
基于PSR框架的内蒙古自治区沙漠化敏感性评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙漠化敏感性是测度区域沙漠化可能性的关键指标。鉴于沙漠化敏感性研究“重评价、缺框架”、“重格局、轻变化”的研究现状,本文基于“压力—状态—响应”(Pressure-State-Response, PSR)分析框架,构建了“气候条件—地表覆盖—植被恢复”沙漠化敏感性综合评价指标体系,定量评估了2000、2015年内蒙古自治区(除流动沙地(丘)外)沙漠化敏感性,结合县域人口密度开展了区域沙漠化防治分区。研究结果表明：2015年研究区以中度敏感区为主(27.04%),其次为轻度敏感区(25.53%)、不敏感区(22.96%)和高度敏感区(20.82%),极敏感区占比最小(3.65%),沙漠化敏感性呈现出中西部高、东部低的空间格局;2000-2015年间,内蒙古自治区9.20%的土地沙漠化敏感性等级降低,24.83%则趋于增强。研究区可划分为生态保育区、沙化治理区、综合发展区和生态移民区四大沙漠化防治区。 相似文献
13.
喀斯特山地生态系统石漠化过程及其恢复研究综述 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
喀斯特石漠化一般经历顶极植被-灌草丛-石漠等3个阶段。在这一退化过程中喀斯特石漠化对环境的选择性导致喜Ca、耐旱和岩生性的植物生存,而生物量的移出和耐荫树种消退是退化的关键因素。退化过程中植被、土壤理化性质与环境形成正反馈关系,并具有退化方向上的一致性、退化过程的非同步性和退化速度的非线性等特点。喀斯特植被恢复时,其恢复对策经历了由早期更新对策向中期结构调整对策直至后期结构功能协调完善对策更替。喀斯特生态系统恢复的技术包括自然恢复、人工恢复与复合农林业综合治理技术。喀斯特区域恢复的核心是整体人地系统的生态优化。提出喀斯特生态系统石漠化过程及恢复研究的重点是适应性恢复与适应性管理的基础理论问题。 相似文献
14.
Analysis of the development of research and technical application is a critical basis for the identification and evaluation for suitable soil and water conservation ecological technology (SWCET) in China. Among instruments for analyzing the development of research and technical application, bibliometric statistics and visualization tools such as CiteSpace have been widely applied. To analyze the domestic development of SWCET, we applied CiteSpace to the CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) database on Chinese research literature (from Jan 1985 to Mar 2017) and patents (Jan 2002 to Feb 2017). The circulation of research after 2002 and quantity of patents after 2010 increased rapidly. Research institutions, people and interests were dispersed, a strong center of research has not been formed and cooperation among research institutions is weak. The number of patented inventions in western regions of China suffering serious soil erosion is far lower than that in eastern regions such as Jiangsu, Beijing, Shandong and Guangdong. Vegetation restoration, ecological slope protection and protective cultivation are relative hotspots according to technical measures: the Loess Plateau, stony desertification (area) and dry-hot valley according to research area, and expressway, side slope and sloping cropland according to application area. Research hotspots mainly appeared several years after the number of published papers increased in 2002. In the past five years, only stony desertification has emerged as a focus. We argue that further studies on the identification and evaluation of SWCET should be focused on certain technical measures, regions and areas. 相似文献
15.
岩溶生态系统脆弱性研究 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：18
生态系统的脆弱性评价对于生态系统管理具有重要作用。在分析岩溶生态系统脆弱性特 征和影响因素的基础上,构建了针对岩溶自然系统的脆弱性评价指标体系, 涵盖了岩溶生态系统 的结构脆弱性、生态过程脆弱性、生态功能脆弱性和人为胁迫脆弱性4 个方面,评价指标分别是 结构稳定性、多样性生境、能量利用和积累、直接使用价值、石漠化程度和速率等。以不同类型的 原生岩溶生态系统的生态基准值作为比较基础, 评价系统将现有的退化岩溶生态系统的脆弱性 划分为轻微脆弱、中度脆弱、重度脆弱以及系统崩溃4 级。 相似文献
16.
WANG Shaoqiang WANG Junbang ZHANG Leiming XIAO Zhishu WANG Feng SUN Nan LI Daiqing CHEN Bin CHEN Jinghua LI Yue WANG Xiaobo WANG Miaomiao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):105-111
Ecological quality is defined as the stability, adaptability and resilience of an ecosystem. Monitoring and assessing ecological quality are important bases for China's ecological civilization construction. The national key research and development program “Technologies and guidelines for monitoring ecological quality of terrestrial ecosystems in China”, launched in July 2017, includes plans to study the observation technologies and provide guidelines on the ecological in-situ observation, the regional biodiversity and ecosystem function monitoring and its applications, all of which contribute to national ecological quality assessment. A year after its implementation, some important progress has been achieved, such as building the indicator system for comprehensive monitoring of ecological quality and improvement of the methods, mass data transmission, infrared camera-based monitoring of biodiversity, multi-angle automatic spectral observation systems, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based desert monitoring. We have organized this special issue and attempted to introduce the monitoring techniques and assessment methods on ecological quality from different perspectives in order to further promote the development of ecology and its observation methods. 相似文献
17.
关于西南岩溶区石漠化土地恢复重建目标的讨论 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据恢复生态学相关研究进展和西南岩溶区石漠化土地综合治理现状,探讨了石漠化土地生态恢复重建的不同空间尺度目标、阶段性目标、植被生态建设目标、社区文化建设目标和效益目标。指出防治岩溶石漠化的实质绝不仅仅是岩溶山区的水土保持问题和恢复植被,只有实现环境恢复、经济发展和社会进步三者的协调发展,生态建设与富民增收并举,石漠化等环境问题才能得到真正的全面解决。因此,近期石漠化综合治理模式目标必须结合市场重新认识资源环境优势,由扶贫型向提高生活质量型转变,由单一坡改梯向多途径特色农业转变,由防护型向开发型转变,由政府主导向参与式转变,从而打破岩溶脆弱生态背景上土地退化的恶性循环。 相似文献
18.
Numerous airports have been constructed based on the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Civil Aviation Development of China. We collected relevant data on the number and distribution of civil airports, the construction of which had started or that had been assessed and approved. Based on a comparative analysis of the limits of ecological restoration in different ecologically vulnerable areas from the perspective of space, as well as an examination of ecological sensitivity factors in the ecosystems surrounding airport construction projects, suggestions concerning key ecological control techniques to be employed in airport construction projects in different ecologically vulnerable areas are put forward. The results showed that the airport construction projects recently approved by the Ministry of Water Resources and the Environmental Protection Agency are mainly distributed in the ecologically vulnerable areas of the Red Soil Hilly Area in southern China, the Karst Rocky Desertification Area in southwest China, the Agro-pastoral Ecotone in the southwestern mountain region, and the Desert-Oasis Connecting Belt in northwest China. The airport construction projects in the southwest mountain area, the hilly areas of southern China, and in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are mainly based on the ecological technologies of slope protection, interception and drainage management, and vegetation restoration, respectively. In the arid and semi-arid areas, the ecological control technology employed in airport construction is mainly the rational utilization of water resources and reduction or mitigation of the effects of sandstorms. This study aims to serve as basis for soil and water conservation plans in airport construction projects and accelerate ecosystem restoration within the vicinity of airport construction sites. 相似文献
19.
森林景观模型研究新进展及其应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
森林景观模型(forest landscape models)是基于森林动态机制和干扰作用在景观尺度上模拟和预测森林时空变化特征的计算机模型。该类模型越来越多地用于森林规划、经营管理、生态资源保护与恢复及全球气候变化研究。本文通过对大量文献资料的整理,对森林景观模型的概念、尺度、类型、方法、应用和最新研究进展进行了综述。随着计算机、地理信息系统、遥感等技术的迅猛发展,森林景观模型将会越来越多地与地理信息系统、规划经营管理决策等紧密结合,未来将向服务性决策模型方向发展。 相似文献
20.
人文因子在荒漠化中的作用 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
分析四个典型区荒漠化的形成条件、历史过程与现代过程,从而阐明人文因子在荒漠化中的作用,得出荒漠化历史过程是自然过程、现代过程是人为加速过程的结论,其中荒漠化现代过程中人文因子的作用占60%。 相似文献