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1.
LIN Qinghuo LI Hong LI Baoguo LUO Wei LIN Zhaomu CHA Zhengzao GUO Pengtao 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(4):441-450
Site-specific nutrient management is an important strategy to promote sustainable production of rubber trees in order to obtain high yields of natural rubber. Making effective nutrient management decisions for rubber trees depend on knowing the spatial variations of soil fertility properties in advance. In this study the Kriging geostatistical method was used to examine the spatial variability of soil total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) in a typical hilly rubber tree plantation in Hainan, China. The spatial variability of the soils was small for the TN and OM and had medium variability for the AP and AK variables. Anisotropic semivariograms of all soil properties revealed that elevation and building contour ledge can profoundly affect the spatial variability of soil properties in the plantation, except for the AK variable. Soil samples had to be collected in alignment with the direction of elevation and perpendicular to the direction of building contour ledges, which was needed to obtain more reliable information within the study area in the rubber tree plantation. In formulating a sample scheme for AK, the distribution features of the soil’s parent material should be considered as the influence factor in the study field. The Kriging method used to guide the soil sampling for spatial variability dertermination of soil properties was about 2-5 times more efficient than the classic statistical method. 相似文献
2.
典型岩溶农业区土地利用变化对土壤性质的影响——以云南小江流域为例 总被引：44，自引：3，他引：41
以云南省泸西县小江典型岩溶农业流域为研究单元,分析了流域1982~2003年土地利用的变化及定点对比分析不同土地利用变化下土壤性质的变化,结果表明：小江流域1982~2003年610.12 km2的土地利用发生了变化,变化类型主要是由未利用地向耕地、林地以及林地向耕地的转变,人口的增加、社会、经济的发展和理智的生态决策是流域土地利用变化的主要原因;林地、未利用地转变为耕地后,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量大幅度降低,土壤pH明显升高,全钾、速效钾含量增加;短时间的退耕还林,土壤性质变化不明显;耕地转变为园地后,土壤性质得到明显的改善;而耕地转变为石漠化土地后,土壤性质发生显著变化,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷含量大幅度降低,土壤pH明显升高;同时,研究表明土地利用变化对碳酸盐岩地层中发育的土壤性质的影响强度明显大于砂页岩地层中发育的土壤,表明碳酸盐岩地层中发育的土壤十分脆弱。 相似文献
3.
Qiang Zhang Zhiping Yang Yong Li Deli Chen Jianjie Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(7):965-981
Integrated nutrient management is important for sustainable agricultural production and protecting environment quality and has been widely investigated around the world. In this article the spatial variability of soil nutrients was investigated and a regionalized nutrient management system was developed using geostatistics and geographic information system technologies. A total of 511 GPS-referenced soil samples were taken in Yongji County, Shanxi province, China, and analysed for major soil nutrients: soil total nitrogen (TN), Olsen extractable phosphorus (OLSENP) and extractable potassium (EXTK). Low concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were found and they are likely to be the main limiting nutrients for crop growth in this county. Within the county moderate spatial dependence was found for all three soil variables, but at different spatial scales. The spatial distributions of TN, OLSENP and EXTK were estimated by using kriging interpolation. The cropped areas of the county were divided into fertilizer management categories consisting of four classes of TN, three classes of OLSENP and two classes of EXTK. For the targeted crop yields, regionalized fertilization maps of N, P and K in the county were produced using geographic information system. In 3-year field verification trials in two villages the crop yields of the wheat–maize rotation system increased by 10–20%, and farmers' cash income increased by 1550–2610 RMB ha?1 year?1 where regional fertilization recommendations were implemented, in comparison with traditional farmers' practices. The regionalized maps are a practical alternative to site-specific soil nutrient management approaches in areas where it is not practical, because of small farm size or other constraints, to use intensive soil sampling and chemical analyses. 相似文献
4.
土地利用变化是全球环境变化的重要组成部分,其可以直接影响到土壤性质的变化。本研究通过中亚热带山区天然林、人工林(用材林和经济林)、次生林、农业用地(橘园和坡耕地)等7种典型土地利用方式土壤性质的研究,结果表明:土地利用变化后土壤有机质和全氮含量下降幅度分别达到52.2%~81.8%和57.9%~172.6%;同时土壤容重增加,pH值升高。而土地利用变化对土壤全磷、全钾的影响的规律较为不明显。综合比较中国区域土地利用变化对土壤性质变化的影响,其中20~25°N纬度带土壤物理化学性质变化幅度最大。 相似文献
5.
阐明土壤养分的变异特性对改变森林群落结构和加快生态系统进程有重要意义。该研究选择东西祁连山为主要调查区域,通过变异函数确定和比较变量因子的空间变异程度及空间变异尺度,采用Palintest土壤养分测试仪和实验室化学处理方法获取试验数据,对数据采用DPS7.5和EXCEL软件处理,利用变异函数对祁连山地区6种土壤养分的空间变异特征分析表明：均表现出明显的空间自相关格局,空间自相关范围差异明显;TN、TP、TK、NH+4-N、NO-3-N、有机质变异系数分别为37.6%、23.1%、4.6%、36.3%、109.9%、32.9%,其中,TK为弱变异,TN、TP、NH+4-N和有机质为中等变异,NO-3-N为强变异;NH+4-N、NO-3-N、有机质、TN在剖面上的变化呈递减对数,TP、TK呈递增对数;NH+4-N在海拔上呈多项式变化关系,NO-3-N呈线性变化关系,TN、TP、TK无明显变化,变化范围分别在0.19%～0.4%、 0.043%～0.056%、1.85%～2.014%之间。 相似文献
6.
松嫩平原中西部湖泊底泥营养盐的空间变异特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在GIS技术的支持下,利用地统计学方法分析了松嫩平原中西部湖泊底泥营养盐的空间变异特征,并利用Kriging插值方法绘制了研究区营养元素的空间分布图。研究结果表明,通过块金值与基台值的比值C0/(C0+C1)可以得出总有机碳TOC具有较弱的空间相关性,总磷TP和全氮TN具有中等的空间相关性;Kriging插值表明,松嫩平原中西部地区的湖泊底泥营养盐分布格局是西南地区低于北部地区,北部地区的各项指标均超过全区的平均水平。 相似文献
7.
甘肃灌漠土土壤肥力的空间变异性典型研究 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：12
结合传统统计与地统计学方法对甘肃省河西地区武威灌漠土土壤肥力的空间变异性进行了分析。描述性统计结果显示，该地土壤肥力具有较大的空间变异，土壤NH4^ -N的变异系数最高，为62．656％，速效磷的变异系数次之，为47．369％，pH的变异系数最小，仅为1．284％，有机质和速效钾的变异系数分别为13．208％和38．075％。地统计学分析表明该区域土壤特性的块金方差／基台值比值[C0／(C0 C)]在0．0413％～13．7801％之间，说明该土壤性质的各项指标均有强烈的空间相关性，其中NH 一N和pH值的空间相关性相对最强，[C。／(G C)]分别为0．0413％和0．0978％；速效磷相对最弱，[C0／(C0 C)]为13．7801％；有机质与速效钾居中。土壤肥力性质的相关距变化范围为176～294m。该土壤性质的克立格插值结果显示出一定的空间相似性，显示地统计学方法可用于分析土壤肥力在空间上的变异。 相似文献
8.
为了更好地理解在潮水和植被交互作用梯度上有机质、全氮和全磷分布的特殊性,分别于生长季和非生长季在苏北盐沼沿近潮沟带和远潮沟带2条样线布设9个固定采样区,采集土壤样品,测定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷的含量。结果表明：植被和潮水的交互作用是决定土壤有机质、全氮和全磷时空变化的关键因素。相对于潮水,植被的影响更为稳定和持久;盐沼土壤有机质和全氮含量具有显著的空间和月份变化,空间变化主要包括植被带（潮水）梯度上和样带间（潮流）的差异,在植被带（潮水）梯度上植被带高于光滩,而植被带间呈现由海向陆的递减趋势,即互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)>盐地碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)>獐茅(Aeluropus littoralis)>芦苇( Phragmites australis);有机质样带间差异表现为在低位盐沼远潮沟带大于近潮沟带,而中位盐沼却是近潮沟带大于远潮沟带,全磷含量时间和空间变化上均不具显著性;pH、土壤含水量和盐分含量等与潮水作用直接相关的因子与距海距离呈负相关关系,土壤有机质、全氮和全磷与距海距离也表现为负相关关系,而土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量与pH、土壤含水量及盐分含量等因子为正相关关系,一定程度上诠释了潮水对土壤有机质、全氮和全磷含量变化的影响。 相似文献
9.
黄河三角洲柽柳林场湿地土壤养分的空间异质性及其与植物群落分布的耦合关系 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
于2007年7月,在黄河三角洲柽柳林场湿地,采集了不同植物群落表层土壤,分析了土壤可溶性盐、有机质、全氮和全磷含量等的空间分异及其与湿地植被分布的关系。土壤可溶性盐、有机质、全氮和全磷的含量分别为0.11%～4.31%、0.18%～1.55%、128～1268mg/kg和521～770mg/kg,可溶性盐、有机质、全氮的空间分异显著。随土壤可溶性盐含量的增大植物种类逐渐减少,不同群落下土壤有机质、全氮含量分布规律相似:随着土壤可溶性盐含量的降低、水分条件的改善,土壤有机质及全氮含量升高。土壤可溶性盐含量是该区植被分布的主要限制因素,同时植被的分布改善了土壤的营养状况。 相似文献
10.
以深圳市坝光银叶园和大鹏半岛自然保护区19种湿地森林树种叶片可见光近红外光谱与全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）、全磷（Total Phosphorus, TP）、全钾（Total Potassium, TK）含量关系为基础,分析了11种光谱预处理方式、3种光谱数据降维方式和2种建模方法对模型精度的影响。结果表明,标准正态变换（Standard Normal Variate, SNV）结合一阶导数（first derivative, 1 st）预处理方式下模型精度最高;主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）降维处理对模型的降维效果最好;支持向量回归（Support Vector Regression, SVR）的建模效果精度最高。对于TN、TP、TK最佳模型的预测确定系数均在0.80以上,模型RPD值也在2.0以上,SVR模型可以用于树种叶片TN、TP、TK的快速检测。 相似文献
11.
黄土高原小流域土壤养分的空间分布格局-Kriging插值分析 总被引：37，自引：6，他引：31
本文应用Kriging空间内插法,分析了黄土高原大南沟流域土壤有机质以及全N、全P、有效N和有效P等4种养分含量的空间分布格局。结果表明:土壤有机质呈现出坡上部低于坡下部的规律,其含量低于05%所占的面积最大,以耕地分布的区域为主,较高含量(06～08%)则分布在农果间作地和林地的区域;土壤全N的分布格局与土壤有机质具有相似性,只是坡下部的全N含量高于坡上部的趋势较为明显;土壤全P含量相差较小为138%,不同全P含量的空间分布面积基本相等;有效N和有效P并未表现出土地利用和景观位置控制的分布格局,有效P的空间分布较有效N更为复杂。 相似文献
12.
太湖梅梁湾水质参数空间变异及合理取样数目研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以太湖梅梁湾为例,应用地统计学方法研究悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和叶绿素-a(Chl-a)的空间变异规律,提出确定湖泊水质参数合理取样数目的方法。结果表明,5种水质参数空间分布不均匀,其变异程度为SS相似文献
13.
吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤碳、氮、磷含量及其生态化学计量学特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湿地土壤有机碳、氮和磷含量变化显著影响着湿地生态系统的生产力。为阐明吉林东部山地沼泽湿地土壤养分的空间分布特征,以吉林省敦化市4种典型山地沼泽湿地：落叶松-苔草湿地(T1)、莎草湿地(T2)、小叶章-甜茅湿地(T3)和沼泽化草甸湿地(T4)为研究对象,研究了土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷含量及其化学计量比的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明：4种山地沼泽湿地类型土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量均值分别为343.11 mg/g、28.03 mg/g和4.00 mg/g,变异系数为有机碳(9.26%)<全氮(16.52%)<全磷(48.64%)。在0~40 cm土层内, T1、T2和T3土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量随土壤深度的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在10~20 cm土层出现累积峰; T4土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量随土壤深度的增加而减少。土壤有机碳、全氮含量的变化趋势为T1相似文献
14.
基于环境相关法的土壤属性空间分布特征研究——以黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域为例 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
在横山县朱家沟小流域采集111个样点,分析土壤属性与地形因子相互关系,进行空间预测分析。结果表明:土壤密度与复合地形指数CTI显著正相关,土壤有机质与复合地形指数CTI、汇流动力指数SPI、沉积物运移指数STI显著负相关,全磷只与坡度β显著负相关。多元线性逐步回归模型对于土壤密度和有机质拟合较好,而对于全磷,预测结果较差;回归-克里格预测有效地减小了残差,消除了平滑效应,预测极差更宽,对于局部的变异及地形、土地利用的关系体现更为细化,提高了预测精度。 相似文献
15.
Lucia Maria Seebach Peter Strobl Jesus San Miguel-Ayanz Annemarie Bastrup-Birk 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(11):1865-1884
Detailed and harmonized information on spatial forest distribution is an essential input for forest-related environmental assessments, in particular, for biomass and growing stock modeling. In the last years, several mapping approaches have been developed in order to provide such information for Europe in a harmonized way. Each of these maps exhibits particular properties and varies in accuracy. Yet, they are often used in parallel for different modeling purposes. A detailed spatial comparison seemed necessary in order to provide information on the advantages and limitations of each of these forest cover maps in order to facilitate their selection for modeling purposes. This article confronts the high-resolution forest cover map recently developed by the Joint Research Centre for the year 2000 (FMAP2000) with previously existing maps for the same time period: the CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) and the Calibrated European Forest Map 1996 (CEFM1996). The spatial comparison of these three maps was carried out based on forest proportion maps of 1 km derived from the original maps. To characterize differences according to biogeographic regions, two criteria were used: detail of thematic content within each map and local spatial agreement. Concerning thematic content, CLC2000 displayed a surfeit of non-forested areas at the cost of low forest proportions, while FMAP2000 showed a more balanced distribution likely to preserve more detail in forest spatial pattern. Good spatial agreement was found for CLC2000 and FMAP2000 within about 70% of the study area, while only 50% agreement was found when compared with CEFM1996. The largest spatial differences between all maps were found in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions. Reasons for these might be different input data and classification techniques and, in particular, the calibration of CEFM1996 to reported national statistics. 相似文献
16.
Modeling Short-Term Spatial and Temporal Variability of Groundwater Level Using Geostatistics and GIS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Deepesh Machiwal Amit Mishra Madan K. Jha Arun Sharma S. S. Sisodia 《Natural Resources Research》2012,21(1):117-136
Continuous depletion of groundwater levels from deliberate and uncontrolled exploitation of groundwater resources lead to
the severe problems in arid and semi-arid hard-rock regions of the world. Geostatistics and geographic information system
(GIS) have been proved as successful tools for efficient planning and management of the groundwater resources. The present
study demonstrated applicability of geostatistics and GIS to understand spatial and temporal behavior of groundwater levels
in a semi-arid hard-rock aquifer of Western India. Monthly groundwater levels of 50 sites in the study area for 36-month period
(May 2006 to June 2009; excluding 3 months) were analyzed to find spatial autocorrelation and variances in the groundwater
levels. Experimental variogram of the observed groundwater levels was computed at 750-m lag distance interval and the four
most-widely used geostatistical models were fitted to the experimental variogram. The best-fit geostatistical model was selected
by using two goodness-of-fit criteria, i.e., root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). Then spatial maps of the groundwater levels were prepared through kriging technique by means of the best-fit geostatistical
model. Results of two spatial statistics (Geary’s C and Moran’s I) indicated a strong positive autocorrelation in the groundwater levels within 3-km lag distance. It is emphasized that the
spatial statistics are promising tools for geostatistical modeling, which help choose appropriate values of model parameters.
Nugget-sill ratio (<0.25) revealed that the groundwater levels have strong spatial dependence in the area. The statistical
indicators (RMSE and r) suggested that any of the three geostatistical models, i.e., spherical, circular, and exponential, can be selected as the
best-fit model for reliable and accurate spatial interpolation. However, exponential model is used as the best-fit model in
the present study. Selection of the exponential model as the best-fit was further supported by very high values of coefficient
of determination (r
2 ranging from 0.927 to 0.994). Spatial distribution maps of groundwater levels indicated that the groundwater levels are strongly
affected by surface topography and the presence of surface water bodies in the study area. Temporal pattern of the groundwater
levels is mainly controlled by the rainy-season recharge and amount of groundwater extraction. Furthermore, it was found that
the kriging technique is helpful in identifying critical locations over the study area where water saving and groundwater
augmentation techniques need to be implemented to protect depleting groundwater resources. 相似文献
17.
新疆耕地土壤养分时空变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
土壤养分状况是土壤肥力的重要标识,并决定着农作物产量高低,对其进行调查分析可以为今后土壤养分资源的综合评价和科学施肥管理提供基础资料。采用Meta-analysis方法,通过对1999-2005年期间有关新疆耕地土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾的研究文献的收集分析,并与20世纪80年代全国第二次土壤普查数据对比分析,研究了近20多年来新疆耕地土壤养分的时空变化。结果表明耕地土壤有机质、速效磷和碱解氮总体呈现增加的趋势,土壤肥力在不断提高,全氮含量略有下降趋势,速效钾含量下降明显,但存在区域差异,准噶尔盆地北部区和伊犁地区具有较高的土壤肥力,塔里木盆地区域土壤肥力较低。分布于新疆的7种主要耕地土壤类型,其养分含量变化总体表现为与全疆耕地土壤养分相似的变化趋势。人类的施肥、耕作措施的改变及土地利用变化是引起土壤养分变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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19.
Detailed knowledge about the estimates and spatial patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks is fundamental for sustainable land management and climate change mitigation. This study aimed at: (1) mapping the spatial patterns, and (2) quantifying SOC and TN stocks to 30 cm depth in the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve using field, remote sensing, geographical information systems (GIS), and statistical modelling approaches. This is a critical ecosystem offering essential services, but its sustainability is threatened by deforestation and degradation. Results revealed that elevation, silt content, TN concentration, and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager band 11 explained 72% of the variability in SOC stocks, while the same factors (except silt content) explained 71% of the variability in TN stocks. The results further showed that soil properties, particularly TN and SOC concentrations, were more important than that other environmental factors in controlling the observed patterns of SOC and TN stocks, respectively. Forests stored the highest amounts of SOC and TN (3.78 Tg C and 0.38 Tg N) followed by croplands (2.46 Tg C and 0.25 Tg N) and grasslands (0.57 Tg C and 0.06 Tg N). Overall, the Eastern Mau Forest Reserve stored approximately 6.81 Tg C and 0.69 Tg N. The highest estimates of SOC and TN stocks (hotspots) occurred on the western and northwestern parts where forests dominated, while the lowest estimates (coldspots) occurred on the eastern side where croplands had been established. Therefore, the hotspots need policies that promote conservation, while the coldspots need those that support accumulation of SOC and TN stocks. 相似文献
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基于SWAT模型的大伙房水库汇水区农业非点源污染空间特性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用SWAT模型对辽宁省大伙房水库汇水区农业非点源污染进行了模拟,利用2006~2009年的水文和水质监测数据对模型进行率定与验证。研究结果表明:研究区泥沙坡面产量为15.40×104t,属于微度侵蚀,其中耕地的土壤侵蚀模数最高,为475.84 t/(km2.a),疏林地次之,灌林地、有林地的土壤侵蚀模数较小;汇水区农业非点源氮、磷产生量分别为1 248.83 t和102.88 t;不同土地利用类型氮、磷的产生量差异较大,耕地远远高于林地等其他类型。总体上,流域农业非点源污染的产生量浑河流域高于苏子河流域,社河流域最小,且河流上游地区高于下游。研究结果揭示了研究区农业非点源污染空间分布特性,可以为水土保持和非点源污染防治提供基础支持。 相似文献