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1.
渤海中部表层沉积物分布特征与粒度分区 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了解渤海中部海区表层沉积物分布特征与物质来源和水动力环境的关系,高密度采集了海区1448个表层沉积物样品,并进行粒度参数的相关分析。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物类型主要有砾石、砂质砾、砾质砂、砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、粉砂、黏土质粉砂、砂-粉砂-黏土和粉砂质黏土10种类型。海区中分布范围最广泛的是粉砂质砂和黏土质粉砂,而砾石和粉砂的分布范围相对较小。海区主要由老铁山水道、冲刷槽砂砾区、渤中砂质浅滩和辽东砂质浅滩、渤中粉砂质平原、渤海湾黏土层粉砂三角洲平原和渤西滨岸倾斜砂质平原五个沉积物粒度分区。主导海区沉积物分布模式的动力机制是进入渤海的黄海暖流余脉形成的渤海环流,另外,渤海海峡强潮流、辽东湾环流和莱州湾环流也是控制区域表层沉积物的重要动力因素。这些动力驱动因素促成了渤海物质与黄海物质之间“北进南出”的交换模式。 相似文献
2.
汕头近岸海域表层沉积物粒度特征及其输运趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对汕头近岸海域70个站位表层沉积物作了粒度分析和粒度参数计算,以探讨沉积物粒度分布特征。分析结果显示,研究区表层沉积物可划分为9种底质类型,以黏土质粉砂（YT）、砂质粉砂（ST）和砂-粉砂-黏土（S-T-Y）为主;砾、砂、粉砂和黏土的平均含量分别为1.4％,29.2％,51.0％,18.4％。平均粒径在0.12~7.30 之间变化,平均值为5.53 ;分选系数、偏态和峰态值的变化范围分别为0.50~2.94,-0.65~0.30和0.63~2.67,对应的平均值为1.82,-0.02和1.11。根据粒度分析结果,结合系统聚类方法和因子分析方法将研究区分为四类沉积区,分别代表不同的沉积环境,并应用GSTA模型分析了沉积物净输运趋势。结果显示,在汕头港水深＜10 m的海区,径流来沙和海域来沙有在榕江入海口和近岸汇聚的趋势;水深＞10 m的海区,沉积物呈现出明显的沿海岸线东北向输运的特征;在柘林湾,沉积物主要表现为弱的由海岸/海岛向海湾输运的特征。粒径趋势模型所揭示的这种沉积物输运格局与研究区的物源和水动力状况较好吻合,可为研究区港口建设和航道管理的决策提供参考资料。 相似文献
3.
基于海洋区域地质调查获取的1 438个粒度数据,利用Folk分类方法将中国东部海域表层沉积物划分为砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂、粉砂、砂、砂质泥、泥质砂、泥7种沉积物类型,阐述了不同沉积物类型的粒度组成和参数特征.其中,砂质粉砂、粉砂质砂和粉砂是3种最主要的沉积物类型,分别占样品总数的34.70%、24.20%和15.51%.粉砂质砂呈条带状分布在研究区的南部且向北延伸.粉砂主要分布在长江口-浙闽沿岸、渤海西部和南黄海中北部.砂主要分布在东海外陆架、扬子浅滩和苏北浅滩、朝鲜湾等海区,其中在东海外陆架海区分布最广.影响沉积物分布的主要因素有物源、水动力环境以及水深、地形、地貌等.晚第四纪冰期旋回中海平面变化和海洋环流控制陆源沉积物的入海通量和陆架沉积体系的发育过程.综合沉积物物源供给、海洋环流、冰后期海平面变化过程,基于Folk分类的动力学属性和表层沉积物类型分布,将中国东部海域表层沉积物分布划分为河口沉积、陆架泥质沉积、潮流沉积以及残留沉积等分区.不同沉积分区的形成机制和影响因素差异显著,反映出在中国东部陆架的特殊地形影响下,不同海平面时期陆源碎屑物质的运移过程. 相似文献
4.
粒度分析结果揭示了研究区内沉积物类型：细砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、砂－粉砂－粘土、粘土质粉砂、粉砂质粘土。沉积物从西北部的陆架中西南部的陆坡区，颗粒由粗变细，水动力较强，从西北产的陆架区向东南部的陆坡区，粒级含量发生变化，砂与粉砂含量从70％递减为51.5%，粘土含量从30％递增为48.5%。水动力由强变弱。粒度分析资料的研究对沉积物来源及沉积环境的分析提供依据。 相似文献
5.
沉积物粒度特征是反映沉积作用、沉积环境和沉积动力条件的明显标志,为了解广西钦州湾外湾海域沉积环境,对研究区167组表层沉积物样品进行粒度测定,分析粒度参数特征并划分沉积物类型,运用Pejrup三角投图对研究区进行沉积动力环境分区,采用Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析法总结研究区表层沉积物的运移趋势。结果表明：研究区表层沉积物以粉砂和砂为主,分选系数差。Folk-Ward分类法的结果显示研究区表层沉积物类型共12种,以砂质粉砂、砂质泥和粉砂分布最广,分别占样品总数的22.16%、17.37%和14.97%。沉积动力分析显示研究区的沉积环境复杂,水动力整体表现出由湾口向外逐渐减弱的特征。粒径趋势分析表明研究区表层沉积物整体向湾口及潮流深槽(航道)方向运移。综合分析表明研究区的沉积环境主要受潮流、波浪及人类活动等的影响。研究成果可为港口建设、深水航道改扩建以及海洋牧场建设等提供科学参考。 相似文献
6.
南海北部近海陆架表层沉积物类型及其稀土元素特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采自南海北部近海陆架区273个表层沉积物样品进行了系统的粒度及常微量和稀土元素分析。依据粒度分析结果,采用福克沉积物分类法,判断本区沉积物类型主要为砂质粉砂和粉砂,两者约占总样品数的60%,其次为泥、砂质泥、泥质砂和粉砂质砂,约占总样品数的27%。稀土元素的分析结果表明,研究区沉积物的稀土总量变化范围为21.34~244.15μg/g,平均值为155.26μg/g,与中国黄土的稀土总量(平均值171μg/g)相近,而与深海粘土沉积物的稀土总量(平均值411μg/g)差异较大,具有明显的亲陆性。稀土元素富集和分布主要受沉积物类型及水动力条件的影响,本区不同类型沉积物的稀土元素含量差异较大,稀土元素主要富集在粉砂、砂质粉砂、泥和砂质泥等几种类型的沉积物中;ΣREE等值线呈近似平行海岸的条带状分布,总体上,随着离岸距离的增加稀土元素含量逐渐降低,其中最高含量位于珠江口西侧、上下川岛、海陵湾等附近海域,这一特征可能与南海北部珠江口自东向西发育的沿岸流有关。但本区不同类型沉积物的稀土元素配分模式很相似,且与周边几条主要河流及上地壳稀土配分模式基本一致,表现为轻稀土强烈富集,具有明显的Eu负异常,而Ce无异常,表明其为典型的陆源沉积且源区具有一致性。进一步的分析表明,本区的沉积环境相对比较稳定,沉积物主要来源于华南大陆的花岗质母岩,并且大部分物质是通过珠江而带入。 相似文献
7.
文章以滇东南浅水湖泊异龙湖作为研究对象,通过对湖泊不同位置的40个表层沉积物样品进行粒度测试,结合流域自然地理要素和人类活动特征,分析了异龙湖表层沉积物粒度空间分布特征,并探讨了其影响因素。结果表明,异龙湖表层沉积物沉积类型主要有粘土质粉砂、粉砂质粘土以及砂-粉砂-粘土3种,其中以粘土质粉砂类型为主,其次为粉砂质粘土。粉砂(4~63μm)为异龙湖表层沉积物优势粒径成分,其含量介于57.08%~82.41%,其次为粘土(小于4μm),介于11.22%~35.58%,砂组分(大于63μm)含量最低,含量介于0.16%~25.80%。异龙湖表层沉积物具有明显的空间分布特征,其中粉砂类似同心圆的空间分布特征,其含量由湖区的中间地带分别向西北、西南、东南3个方向递增;而粘土含量则呈现出相反的趋势。由于受断层影响,异龙湖表层沉积物各粒度组分形成了西北、东南两个相对对称的区域;西北湖区沉积物粒度分布特征同时受自然环境与人类活动的影响,沉积物类型主要有粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土,其中以粘土质粉砂为主;而东南深水湖区由于受人为干扰因素较弱,可以视为认识自然状态下物质搬运过程、探讨水动力特征以及研究自然湖泊沉积和气候变化的理想场所。 相似文献
8.
对采自雷州半岛8个红树林湿地典型分布区的37个表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,结果显示:(1)研究区表层沉积物粒度组成粉砂含量最高,占52. 9%;其次为砂,占27. 8%;黏土含量最低,占19. 3%。(2)研究区表层沉积物有砂质粉砂、黏土质粉砂、砂和粉砂质砂4种类型,其中砂质粉砂和黏土质粉砂主要分布在南山、高桥和观海长廊等地,砂和粉砂质砂主要分布在特呈岛、企水等地。(3)研究区沉积物平均粒径为5. 7,沉积物颗粒整体偏细;分选系数平均值为1. 90,分选较差;偏态平均值为-0. 14,为负偏;峰态平均为1. 07,峰态等级为中等。(4)通过系统聚类分析方法将研究区沉积环境分为三种类型,不同沉积环境水动力条件和环境特征差异明显。(5)沉积物砂粒含量与有机质含量、盐度呈极显著的负相关关系,与p H值呈正相关;粉砂含量与有机质含量、盐度呈极显著正相关,与p H值呈负相关;黏土含量与有机质含量、盐度正呈相关,与p H值则呈负相关。 相似文献
9.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2016,(3)
为探讨河北曹妃甸人工填海对近岸海域沉积环境及水动力条件的影响,对该区沉积物粒度特征进行了研究。利用LS13320系列激光粒度分析仪对13个站位沉积物粒度进行测试,分析了其粒级组成与特征参数。结果表明,研究区分为3个岩性区:北部海域潮间带沉积物以砂质粉砂为主;中部工业区周围海域沉积物偏粗,以粉砂质砂为主;南部沿岸海域沉积物较细,以黏土质粉砂为主。沉积物平均粒径介于2.94~6.87Φ,粒级组分为黏土、粉砂和砂,质量分数平均值分别为18.16%、52.30%和29.53%。粒度频率曲线偏态Ski为0.07~0.81,峰态Kg为0.63~2.21,自北向南,由单峰逐渐过渡为主峰或弱峰,与2007年人工填海初期沉积环境相比,沉积物类型变单一、组分粗化,表明人工填海工程对曹妃甸近岸海域沉积环境是有影响的。 相似文献
10.
《现代地质》2020,(5)
为揭示沉积物中重金属含量的粒径控制规律,选取山东丁字湾海域126件表层沉积物样品进行粒度和重金属(Cr、Pb、As、Cd和Hg)含量测试分析,总结沉积物类型和重金属分布特征,进而分析沉积物重金属含量、空间分布及其与粒径之间的关系。结果表明,自湾口至外海,沉积物类型由砂向粉砂大致呈扇形过渡,平均粒径φ值逐渐增大,黏土含量逐渐增高,Cr、Pb、Cd和Hg含量随之升高,As含量则先降后升,表层沉积物质量符合国家第一类标准。相关性分析表明,砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂中Cr含量与平均粒径均为显著正相关;砂中As含量与平均粒径为显著负相关,粉砂中As含量与平均粒径为显著正相关;砂质粉砂和粉砂中Hg含量与平均粒径均为显著正相关;其余各沉积物重金属含量和平均粒径相关性不显著。 相似文献
11.
Subaqueous sediment gravity flow deposits: practical criteria for their field description and classification 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
GUIDO GHIBAUDO 《Sedimentology》1992,39(3):423-454
12.
Ralph E. Hunter 《Sedimentary Geology》1980,27(4):241-262
Pleistocene coastal terrace deposits exposed in sea cliffs near Gold Beach, Oregon can be divided into four stratigraphic units: a basal gravelly unit and three overlying sandy units, each with mud beds, a paleosol, or the modern soil in its uppermost part. The gravelly unit consists of gravel and sand in its lower part, sand, in part pebbly or cobbly, in its middle part, and mud and sand in its upper part. Black sand and transported pieces of wood are common in the middle part of the unit, and wood is common in the mud. This unit is interpreted as a progradational deposit including environments ranging from lower forebeach at the base to backbeach flats and streams at the top.The main sandy parts of the sandy units are made up of a crossbedded sand facies, the dominant structure in which is medium-scale crossbedding, and an irregularly bedded sand facies, which is locally pebbly and is dominated by scour-and-fill structures. Deciding between shallow marine and eolian interpretations of the sandy units proved exceptionally difficult until modern analogues were found in the fine details of the internal structures. Largely on the basis of such structural details, the crossbedded sand facies is interpreted as the product of small eolian dunes, and the irregularly bedded sand facies is interpreted as deposits of interdune ephemeral streams, ephemeral ponds, and wet to dry subaerial flats. The mud beds and paleosols at the tops of the sandy units represent times of temporary stabilization of the dune field. 相似文献
13.
J. R. L. ALLEN 《Sedimentology》1983,30(2):285-294
ABSTRACT The Lower Old Red Sandstone (Downton to ?Emsian) in southern Britain is a largely fluviatile sequence of increasing upward sand-dominance. The highest beds at two groups of localities include many sedimentation units composed of gravelly foresets in depositional continuity with overlying topsets of parallel-laminated sandstone. These units are thought to have been fashioned by humpback bars having a crest a considerable way upstream from the brink at the top of a gravelly slipface. The overall textural composition but internally segregated character of the bar units suggests that a bimodal sediment load of mixed sand and gravel was supplied at the upstream end of the bar, but that this load became texturally differentiated as it moved downstream. Differentiation is suggested to have occurred because the comparatively large and well-rounded gravel particles behaved on the sandy topset as though on a smooth surface, and were transported under similar flow conditions to the sand, much of which eventually lodged on the topset instead of being passed on, like the gravel, to the slipface beyond. A quantitative model is outlined which justifies the proposed gravel overpassing. In terms of the control of sedimentary structures exerted by grain size under laboratory conditions, the association of cross-bedding (gravel) with simultaneously formed parallel lamination (sand) seems to be a natural consequence of the efficient textural differentiation of the supplied load by the overpassing of the gravel component under a single flow condition. 相似文献
14.
近期长江口-杭州湾邻近海域沉积物粒径的时空变化及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究长江口-杭州湾外近海沉积物粒径的现状和近期变化,于2008年4月在该区域用箱式取样器取得了33个表层样,用震动活塞采样器取得7个柱状样;在室内用激光粒度仪对沉积物样品进行了粒度分析并与历史时期的研究成果进行对比。结果表明,1）表层沉积物总体上呈东粗（砂）西细（泥）的特点,粒径总体上的空间格局与历史时期相似;但砂-泥区界线在研究区北部（长江口和杭州湾外）有向西迁移（蚀退）迹象（西移10~30 km）,而在南部（舟山群岛以南）则出现明显向东迁移（淤进）现象（最大超过50 km）。2）当前的表层沉积物形成一条南北连续的泥质带（粒径向南逐渐变细）,反映过去存在于舟山群岛以东的最细组分（“黏土”）带不连续现象在表层现已趋于消失。3）表层沉积物粒径趋势分析揭示长江入海泥沙的运移方向主要是向南-东南。4）泥质区柱状沉积物具有粉砂和黏土为主但在垂向上（反映在时间上）有粗细多变的特点（侵蚀区表层沉积物有粗化迹象）。研究认为,长江口-杭州湾邻近海域现代沉积物对流域和沿海重大人类活动有较敏感的响应。 相似文献
15.
基于海南西部四更沙及其邻近海域185个底质的粒度数据,并结合研究区动力状况和水深地形特征,研究表层沉积物的组分和类型分布、粒度参数及其沉积环境分区。结果表明:①研究区沉积物类型多样,包括12种沉积类型,以砂质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和含砾砂为主,沉积物平均粒径变化范围较大(-0.70~7.13 φ),且大体呈现由北向南逐渐变细的分布趋势;②运用Fleming的三角图式,结合物源状况及地形地貌条件,对沉积环境进行划分,将研究区划分为四更沙岸外海滨沉积区、北黎湾中部沉积区和八所港近岸沉积区等3个沉积区;③研究区沉积物分布特征受沉积物来源和水动力及地形条件共同影响。横向分布上,西部主要受强潮流输沙影响,东部近岸则主要受波浪掀沙和搬运作用影响,表现为两侧粗,中间相对较细的特征。纵向上,四更沙岸外海滨沉积区,沉积物主要受昌化江影响,粒径粗,表现为河口沉积特征;北黎湾中部沉积区,沉积物粒径分布范围广,表现为较强的过渡区特性;八所港近岸沉积区,沉积物粒径最细,泥沙来源主要为外海带来的泥沙。 相似文献
16.
Grain size and geochemical analyses have been carried out on 58 samples collected from different areas of mangrove environment
of the Egyptian Red Sea coast. The texture characteristics of mangrove sediments show that the mean size decreases in sediments
of coastal areas while increase in island sediments and the sediment type generally changes from sand to slightly gravelly
muddy sand. The sediments are composed mainly of poorly sorted, negatively nearly symmetrical and leptokurtic fine sands.
Cluster analysis showed that, distribution of gravel, sand and mud fractions is related to bottom facies and type of sediment
source. Generally, sand fraction is the main category among the three constituents. Geochemically the factor controlling the
carbonate content of studied sediments includes material supply of biogenic and terrigenous components. Therefore, sediments
of Hamata area, km 17 south Safaga, Wadi El-Gemal Island and Abu-Minqar Island are terrigenous sediments, while sediments
of km 37 north Quseir are highly carbonates. In general organic matter is higher in the mangrove sediments relative to adjacent
areas. The high organic matter in the mangrove sediments is primarily due to the high supply from primary productivity, terrestrial
and reworked sediments. Texture is the main controlling factor for the organic matter enrichment. Spatial variations in the
phosphorus content in the different studied localities are related to the sources of phosphorus to the area. In comparison,
cluster analysis indicates that phosphorus might be transported from terrestrial source to the sea through wadis draining
the excavated Upper Cretaceous phosphate rocks. Also, the abundance of phosphorus content may be attributed to phosphatization
of calcareous skeletons. Our observations provide knowledge on the physico-chemical effects and will be useful in the management
and suitable development of the areas under study. In addition it represent database in the future. 相似文献
17.
Facies relationships in Pleistocene outwash gravels, southern Ontario: a model for bar growth in braided rivers 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Facies relationships in Pleistocene braided outwash deposits in southern Ontario demonstrate the presence of a large braid bar with adjacent side channel. The core of the bar is up to 6 m high, and consists of crudely horizontally stratified gravels. Downstream from the core is the bar front facies, consisting of large gravelly foresets up to 4 m high, rounded off in many places by reactivation surfaces. Upstream from the core is the bar stoss side facies consisting of several sets (individually up to 35 cm thick) of tabular cross-bedding, arranged in coarsening-upward sequences. The stoss side—core—bar front relationships are continuously exposed in one 400 m long quarry face which is cut almost parallel to the palaeoflow direction. A transverse quarry face shows the side channel facies, which consists of trough cross-bedded sands. Gravel layers can be seen to finger from the main gravelly bar into the sandy side channel, but they do not reach the base of the channel. This surprising relationship indicates that gravel moved only in the topographically higher parts of the system. After deposition in the side channel, and growth upstream and downstream from the bar core, the entire system aggraded. Crudely horizontally stratified, and imbricated gravel sheets were laid down as a bar top facies. Grain size analyses indicate strongly bimodal distributions, implying that much of the sand in the spaces between pebbles and boulders filtered in after the gravel had been deposited. This interpretation is strengthened by velocity calculations—mean velocities in excess of 300 cm/s would be needed to roll the gravel as bed load, but at such a velocity, a large amount of sand would be transported entirely in suspension. In a final section of the paper, our results are combined with other work on braided systems in an attempt to formulate a more general facies model. 相似文献