共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
We investigate the relationship between the impoundment and seismicity in the Longtan reservoir, southwestern China and find evidence that the seismicity was reservoir induced. After the reservoir impoundment, a pronounced increase in seismicity was observed in five clusters mainly concentrated in the areas where few earthquakes had occurred before the first filling. The observed induced seismicity shows a strong correlation with the filling cycles. The activity levels in the five clusters are different due to differences in the structures and permeabilities of the faults. Source parameters for 1,616 earthquakes with M L 0.1–4.2 recorded by 24 fixed and temporary stations deployed around the reservoir were calculated after applying corrections for geometrical spreading, frequency-dependent Q, and site effects. The static stress drop and apparent stress in this area both appear to increase with increasing seismic moment over the entire magnitude range. Our results show that reservoir induced earthquakes have ten times lower average stress drop than natural tectonic earthquakes. These results may indicate that the reservoir induced seismicity can occur with a lower tectonic stress due to the high pore pressures of the underground medium, and that the effect of the water decreases the coefficient of friction. 相似文献
2.
为了解水库蓄水过程中,水库诱发地震活动的动态响应机制,本文建立了针对水库诱发地震(Reservoir-induced seismicity,RIS)定量化研究的数理模型,并以紫坪铺水库为例,对库区地质构造及水文地质结构条件、水库蓄水后库区小震活动时空演化特征进行了详细的研究.在此基础上,利用有限元方法计算了水库蓄水过程中弹性附加应力场、有效附加应力场、孔隙压力和断层稳定性的动态变化,讨论了RIS时空演化与库水加卸载及渗透过程的动态响应关系.结果表明:(1) RIS诱发机制的定量化模型可分为2个层次:一是以孔隙介质为载体的流体渗流对岩体变形和稳定性的影响,由流-固耦合形式的岩体变形与孔隙渗流模型进行描述;二是对断层相关的RIS定量研究可将水库附加水头压力沿断层面(区)的扩散与断层库仑应力变化联系起来.两种形式模型方法的结合能为RIS定量研究提供一个相对宏观的力学框架;(2) 断裂渗透结构对孔隙压力变化下断裂的力学响应具有重要的影响,研究区主干断裂可能属于一种上盘破碎带导水、下盘地层及断层核阻水的"下阻上导型"的渗透结构类型,不同程度的具有使地表水体向深部渗流的通道性.库区深部岩体渗透稳定性的差异在很大程度上导致了诱发地震活动对岩性条件的依赖.(3) 紫坪铺水库蓄水后,小震活动在空间分布上呈现出条带状分布、丛集分布和地震迁移的特点,小震震源深度优势分布在地下4~10 km范围内,在通济场断裂与安县-灌县断裂的深部汇聚区域震源分布最为密集.同时,小震活动主要集中发生在脆性程度高、渗透稳定性低的碳酸盐岩地层中,而在岩性较软弱、渗透稳定性高的三叠系须家河组砂泥岩和煤系地层中很少有地震发生.在水库蓄水后地震活动的时间响应特征上,水库西南侧和东北侧两个丛集区的小震活动可能属于"快速响应型"RIS,而都江堰小震群活动可能属于"滞后响应型"诱发地震活动;(4) RIS的发生与库水加卸载及渗透过程中库底岩体有效应力的变化密切相关.在以挤压为主的构造应力环境中,库体荷载作用的结果一般会使库底断层更趋向稳定,而水库附加水头压力扩散的效应则是促使断层趋向失稳,正是这个矛盾双方相互制约与平衡的动态过程,控制了断层库仑应力变化的取向,从而决定了RIS时空演化的规律. 相似文献
3.
本文以龙滩水库为例,根据库区地质构造、深部速度结构及数字地面高程,建立了库区三维有限元模型,基于孔隙弹性理论计算了水库蓄水过程中库底断层和围岩体孔隙压力、有效附加正应力、剪应力和库伦应力的动态变化,并结合水库蓄水后库区地震活动时空分布的特征,讨论了RIS时空演化与库水加卸载及渗透过程的动态响应关系及其可能的成因机制.结果表明：（1） 龙滩水库蓄水后地震活动呈现出明显的丛集性,主要分布在罗妥（丛Ⅰ）、八茂（丛Ⅱ）、拉浪（丛Ⅲ）、坝首（丛Ⅳ）和布柳河（丛Ⅴ）5个水库蓄水后淹没的深水区,这些区域也恰恰是库水加卸载及渗透过程中ΔCFS增加最明显的区域,而ΔCFS的影区几乎没有地震发生,表明水库蓄水后库区地震活动与ΔCFS的变化密切相关.（2） 在水库蓄水过程中,与水库有直接水力联系且渗透性较好的断裂成为地表水体附加水头压力向深部扩散的优势通道,沿此通道附加水头压力扩散的最大深度达13 km左右,震旦系-古生界以碳酸盐岩为主的地层成为附加水头压力扩散的主体层位,这与蓄水后库区中、小地震震源深度均小于13 km,且优势分布在5~10 km的特征相吻合,表明由于孔隙压力的存在降低了岩石的抗剪强度,同时部分抵消了围压的影响,致使该层位的岩体易于产生脆性破坏从而诱发地震活动.（3） 无论是深部还是浅部,各丛地震密集发生的时段绝大部分与相应深度ΔCFS加速升高或阶段性高值时段相重叠,可能说明在库水位快速抬升或阶段性高值时段,受外部荷载加载速率快速升高的影响,库底岩体和断层、裂隙等结构面更容易实现失稳扩展;深、浅部地震响应时间、活动频度和强度的差异可能与不同层位岩体力学性质及渗透性能的不均匀性有关.（4） 各丛地震诱发的物理力学机制有所不同.丛Ⅰ、丛Ⅱ、丛Ⅲ地震的诱发可能与库体重力荷载、孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化3种作用都有关;丛Ⅳ地震的诱发主要受控于库体重力荷载作用,孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化不起主导作用;丛Ⅴ地震的诱发主要受孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化作用的影响,库体重力荷载作用一定程度上抑制了地震的发生. 相似文献
4.
水库诱发地震与构造地震震源参数特征差异性研究——以龙滩水库为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
首先讨论龙滩库区水库蓄水与地震活动之间的关系,发现龙滩水库诱发地震特征十分明显,地震共分5丛呈丛集分布.利用库区架设的24个固定和流动台站记录的数字记录资料,在研究得到龙滩库区非弹性衰减和台站场地响应的基础上,精确测定得到了该地区总共1616个ML≥0.1级地震的震源参数,比较了水库诱发地震与构造地震震源参数特征的差异,得到了以下主要结论:1)龙滩水库地震活动与水库蓄水关系密切,不同蓄水阶段5丛的地震活动状态不同,局部断裂构造发育以及岩石透水性能影响着地震活动对蓄水过程的响应.2)龙滩水库诱发地震的地震矩M0随震级ML的增大而增大,两者之间存在较好的线性关系,统计关系为LogM0=1.07 ML+10.17.应力降与地震大小之间的关系和Nuttli的板内地震为增加应力降(ISD)模型的结果比较吻合,统计关系为LogΔσ=0.71 ML-2.89.3)龙滩水库地区地震辐射能量和地震视应力均随震级的增大而增大,后者意味着大地震是比小地震更高效率的地震能量辐射体.4)总体上不同丛地震应力降水平存在差异.地震应力降空间分布上与库水深度有较好的一致性,即库水深的区域应力降水平高.5)与同震级的构造地震相比,水库诱发地震的应力降值比前者明显偏低,大约小10倍.这可能是由于水库蓄水造成地下介质孔隙压力增大或者水的润滑作用,从而导致在一个比较低的构造应力情况下发生水库诱发地震. 相似文献
5.
Statistical analyses of the Karun III reservoir seismicity reveal a remarkable correlation between seismicity rate and water-level
harmonic changes. It seems that seismicity in this dam depends on rapid water-level changes. The three biggest earthquakes
of Karun III, measuring 4, 4.1, and 4.3 on the Richter scale (ML), occurred after two stages of rapid filling of the dam on
March 22, 2005 and May 12, 2006. These earthquakes happened when the water reached the maximum operational level. Since the
beginning of filling the reservoir on November 8, 2004 until March, 2006, most reservoir-induced seismicity has been localized
in three main clusters. The majority of the earthquakes occurred in the frontal anticline of Keyf Malek; the second and third
clusters happened near Karun Blind Fault (KBF) and Mountain Front Fault (MFF), respectively. Filling Karun III reservoir immediately
led to an increase in the occurrence of earthquakes. Further, following abrupt water-level changes, a considerable increase
in the number of earthquakes is observed. Finally, in terms of seismicity rate, vertical and horizontal migration, magnitude,
and distance, the earthquakes of Karun III behave differently. 相似文献
6.
本文利用结合了波形互相关技术的双差定位法对龙滩库区2006年至2007年发生的地震进行了精确定位,并对其活动特征进行了分析.通过定位结果的比较,证明利用波形互相关技术提取的地震对的P、S波走时差数据及双差精定位法显著地提高了定位的精度和质量.对龙滩库区地震活动特征的研究结果表明,龙滩库区的地震活动与水库蓄水过程密切相关,成丛分布的地震活动分别表现出对水库蓄水过程不同的响应过程和活动特征,反应了龙滩库区在岩性特征、渗透条件、地质构造及应力场等方面存在局部性差异. 相似文献
7.
Reservoir-induced Seismicity in China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
—A review of case histories of reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) in China shows that it mainly occurs in granitic and karst terranes. Seismicity in granitic terranes is mainly associated with pore pressure diffusion whereas in karst terranes the chemical effect of water appears to play a major role in triggering RIS. In view of the characteristic features of RIS in China, we can expect moderate earthquakes to be induced by the construction of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River. 相似文献
8.
RIS时空分布特征及其与库区地质构造环境的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在广泛收集了国内外水库诱发地震震例资料的基础上,利用统计学的方法,进行了水库诱发地震空间分布与时间响应特征及其与库区地质构造环境关系的研究,结果表明:①在空间分布上,诱发地震主要集中在水库周缘10 km范围之内,并局限于特定的库段丛集分布,当库区具备一定的地质构造与水文地质条件时,诱发地震活动会随着水库蓄、放水过程中的水位变化而发生迁移;②对于不同地区或不同水库,诱发地震活动的时间响应存在着差异,总体上:在水库蓄水后1年以内,初次响应占据一定的优势,而绝大部分诱发主震活动发生在水库初始蓄水1年以后。对长时间的水库蓄水历程而言,"混合响应"是水库诱发地震活动表现形式的主体,而"快速响应"和"滞后响应"仅是在一定的时间段内反应的阶段性现象;③诱发地震响应与水库水位变化的关系十分复杂多样,既存在正相关关系,又有负相关性,同时在某种程度上表现出了较高震级的水库诱发地震对水位变化速率的依赖;④水库诱发地震时空分布受发震库区地形地貌与局部地质构造条件、岩性条件、水文地质条件等方面的先存内因的控制,事实上,它们对水库诱发地震时空分布的控制作用并不是截然分开的,其间存在着相互依存、辩证统一的关系。 相似文献
9.
针对我国在西南构造活跃区修建的水库蓄水与地震活动的关系,本文对蓄水已长达7年并在高水位运维多个周期的云南小湾水库,采用结合波形互相关技术的双差地震定位法对水库库区及周边地区2005年7月至2014年12月发生的M≥1.0级地震进行了精定位处理,结果显示出明显的地震成丛活动特征,库区内外的地震震源深度差别较大.对地震震源深度、地震活动与水库蓄水水位及b值分析结果表明:小湾水库蓄水后地震活动明显增多,有水库触发地震发生,触发地震主要分布在沿黑惠江(A)和澜沧江流域(B、C)的3组地震丛中,且3个区的触发地震类型均为快速响应型;在水库蓄水响应活动最明显的地震丛集区A,展现出明显的随水库蓄水水体渗透发生地震"迁移"活动的现象;但库区内也存在着与蓄水关系不大的可能属于正常构造地震的活动,而库区外的地震活动与水库蓄水没有什么相关性,很可能是属于正常的构造地震.综合断层展布、岩性分布及震源深度分析,认为水库蓄水引起的溶岩作用和渗透作用及断层活动可能是小湾水库触发地震的主控因素. 相似文献
10.
福建水口库区地震活动及其动力成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据水库蓄水后地震活动的时间分布特征,将水库诱发地震分为三个阶段,通过对三个阶段地震活动的震中分布、震源深度、震源机制解等活动特征进行分析,同时考证震中区历史上曾发生过的强烈有感地震,得出以下认识:①库区三个阶段地震动力成因各不相同,第一阶段主要是水库蓄水引发的初始应力释放,第二阶段地震动力来自东南方向,第三阶段地震动力来自西北方向。②水库诱发地震震中区历史上曾发生过强烈有感地震,震中区将成为区域构造应力场调整释放的"窗口",因此应加强水口库区的地震监测与防御。③在讨论福建地区地震动力成因时,不能只强调来自台湾岛弧碰撞对福建地区地震的控制作用,而忽略来自喜马拉雅碰撞带对福建地区的作用力。 相似文献
11.
龙滩库区蓄水后地震性质分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
龙滩水库2006年10月蓄水以来,库区地震活动频繁,这可能是原有构造地震的进一步活动,也可能是水库诱发地震。因此,有必要对龙滩水库蓄水后发生的地震性质进行判断。本文根据国内外已发生水库诱发地震震例资料和以往经验,结合龙滩库区具体情况,利用定性判断法和概率统计法对龙滩库区地震性质进行验证和判断,结果认为:龙滩库区蓄水后发生的地震属诱发地震。 相似文献
12.
Prediction and verification of earthquakes induced by the Xiluodu hydropower station reservoir 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Research has been conducted on reservoir-induced earthquakes in China since the Xinfengjiang reservoir-induced earthquakes in the 1960s. Regulations now require the risk of reservoir-induced earthquakes to be evaluated in the pre-research stage of all hydropower projects. Although nearly 40 cases of reservoir-induced earthquakes have been reported in China, analyses comparing the changes in seismic activity following reservoir impoundment with predictions are rare. In this study, we compared seismic activities observed in the reservoir area before and after the impoundment of the Xiluodu hydropower station in terms of the spatial distribution, frequency, and focal depths of the earthquakes, and clarified the correlation between their frequency/timing and reservoir level after impoundment. We then concluded that the seismic events in the head region were karst-type earthquakes, while those in the second segment of the reservoir were tectonic earthquakes. The spatial distribution of the earthquake epicenters and the seismic intensities validated some of the results for the reservoir-induced seismic risk assessment for the Xiluodu hydropower station, indicating that the proposed earthquake triggers and predictive models are reasonable. This study can provide a valuable reference for investigating the mechanism (s) of reservoir-induced earthquakes, revising reservoir-induced earthquake hazard assessment codes, and predicting the hazard zones of reservoir-induced seismicity under similar conditions. 相似文献
13.
Continuous reservoir-induced seismicity has been observed in the Koyna–Warna region in western India following the beginning of impoundment of Koyna and Warna Reservoirs in 1961 and 1985, respectively. This seismicity includes 19 events with M ≥ 5.0 which occurred in 7 episodes (I–VII) between 1967 and 2005 at non-repeating hypocentral locations. In this study, we examined the first six episodes. The seismicity occurs by diffusion of pore pressures from the reservoirs to hypocentral locations along a saturated, critically stressed network of NE trending faults and NW trending fractures. We used the daily lake levels in the two reservoirs, from impoundment to 2000, to calculate the time history of the diffused pore pressures and their daily rate of change at the hypocentral locations. The results of our analysis indicate that Episodes I and IV are primarily associated with the initial filling of the two reservoirs. The diffused pore pressures are generated by the large (20–45 m) annual fluctuations of lake levels. We interpret that critical excess pore pressures >~300 kPa and >~600 kPa were needed to induce Episodes I–III and Episodes IV–VI, respectively, suggesting the presence of stronger faults in the region. The exceedance of the previous water level maxima (stress memory) was found to be the most important, although not determining factor in inducing the episodes. The annual rise of 40 m or more, rapid filling rates and elevated dp/dt values over a filling cycle, contributed to the rapid increase in pore pressure. 相似文献
14.
F. G. Piccinelli M. Mucciarelli P. Federici D. Albarello 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1995,145(1):97-108
The Ridracoli Dam has been operating since 1981. Around the reservoir ISMES installed and operated for 10 years a seismic network, now reduced to a 3-D station. Earthquakes were recorded with completeness from magnitude 0.8 onwards. In the same period, all the parameters relevant to the dam and the environment were measured. This provided a complete data base for RIS studies, unique in its kind in Italy. The main findings of the analyses performed are the following:
- The filling of the reservoir has not influenced the seismicity of the area for most significant events (M L>3.5).
- Lesser seismicity around the reservoir seems to be correlated with water level in the reservoir, but also shows to be dependent on regional seismicity.
- b value shows a slight increase with time. This may indicate an increase in rock fracturing, which is known to precede the disappearing of Type II RIS.
15.
文中使用龙滩水库地震监测台网记录的波形数据,采用P波初动、SH波和P渡位移振幅比数据计算震源机制解的FOCMEC方法,获取了龙滩库区2006年9月蓄水至2008年底发生的73次M_L2.0以上地震的震源机制解,并在此基础上反演了库区应力场。龙滩库区2006年10月蓄水以来发生的2级以上地震以逆断层型为主,由震源机制解获得的2个地震丛集区应力场的主压应力都近于水平,取向都为NWW-SEE。反映出蓄水后库区仍为以水平NWW-SEE向压应力为主的应力场结构,且最大主压应力倾角更为水平。而最大主张应力及中等应力轴的分布则不一致,显示出在近水平的主压应力背景下,龙滩库区局部应力场的非一致性。通过对龙滩水库地震机制解特征及应力场的认识和讨论,初步提出了龙滩水库诱发地震的发震机理,认为载荷作用所引起的剪应力增大不是龙滩水库蓄水诱发地震的主要因素,而蓄水所产生的孔隙压力作用和库水渗透的润滑弱化作用的耦合作用可能是主要的成因 相似文献
16.
福建街面水库地震活动背景 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福建街面水库2006年10月下闸蓄水,分析了街面水库库区历史地震和现今地震震中分布、震源深度、震源机制解等地震活动特点,并结合水库诱发地震的特点认为街面水库存在诱发地震的可能。 相似文献
17.
结合微震活动的流体作用强度检测及孔隙压扩散模拟,讨论了三峡库区不同时期微震活动的主要影响因素。以2008年9月蓄水季为界划分前、后期,前期流体渗透导致的孔隙压力增加,使裂隙或断层面强度降低,是库区微震活动的主要影响因素,这一时期微震频次及ETAS模型参数μ值有起伏地缓慢增大,与库水位加卸载过程关系不明显; 后期由于流体渗透引起的孔隙压力变化趋于零,在新的流体平衡条件下,库水位加卸载过程所导致的裂隙或断层面上的应力变化,成为库区微震活动的主要影响因素,这一时期微震频次及μ值显示出与水位变化明显的关联特征。库区小震震源深度的时间变化支持上述观点。在此基础上,进一步讨论了水库“诱发”和水库“触发”地震的力学差异,认为前者主要缘于流体渗透导致的裂隙或断层面强度的“主动”降低,后者则主要与库水加卸载所导致的裂隙或断层面上应力增强有关。进一步推论认为,流体对小地震“诱发”、“触发”皆可能发生,但中强地震缘于流体“诱发”的可能性非常小,对水库区发生的中强地震,流体仅可能对处于临界状态的断层系统起到“触发”作用。 相似文献
18.
2010年8月至2015年12月,福建仙游地区发生了一系列小震群活动。基于孔隙压力扩散机制对精定位的小震数据进行分析,结果显示仙游震群序列在空间上呈丛集分布,且具有明显的分区现象,发震时间受金钟水库水位变化的调制作用较为明显。5个分区（A—E）的流体孔隙压力扩散系数分别为0.04,0.08,0.07,0.12和0.05 m2/s,伴随着地震活动性由强至弱,孔隙压扩散系数呈先增后减的变化规律。仙游震群位于断裂构造发育区内,震中分布优势方向与石苍断裂一致,沿着断裂走向的孔隙压扩散系数最大,说明地下流体沿狭长的石苍断裂由NW向NE活动。各分区的流体孔隙压系数与扩散最大距离、最大诱发地震震级及地震释放能量均有较好的相关性。此外,当金钟水库水位下降时,各分区的扩散距离r呈现减小趋势,震群范围收缩,地震频次增加,并伴有较大震级的地震,说明水位下降时,流体孔隙压力的扩散作用在同一地点反复作用,使得触发源附近区域的应力水平更容易达到饱和或临界状态,进而触发较大震级的地震,这也解释了水位下降过程中地震更为强烈的原因。 相似文献
19.
V. B. Smirnov A. V. Ponomarev T. I. Kartseva V. O. Mikhailov R. K. Chadha F. Aidarov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(4):641-651
The seismological data in the area of induced seismicity in the region of the Nurek reservoir are analyzed. The analysis is based on the developed database for the earthquakes that occurred from 1955 to 1989 and is aimed at finding the regularities in the variations of the parameters of the transitional seismic regime caused by filling a reservoir. These parameters include the b-value—the slope of the graph of the Gutenberg–Richter frequency–magnitude relationship, the fractal dimension d of the set of the epicenters, and fracture cycle parameter q = αb ? d, where coefficient α determines the ratio between the magnitude and source size M = α log l + β. It is shown that during the filling of a reservoir, these parameters undergo statistically reliable variations: at the initial stages, the b-value increases, the fractal dimension of the set of epicenters decreases, and the fracture cycle parameter q grows and becomes positive in the middle of the time interval of reservoir filling. After a reservoir is filled, these parameters recover their background values. The aftershock sequences of the three strongest earthquakes—before, in the beginning, and in the middle of the reservoir filling period—are studied. It is confirmed that the Omori parameter p for the aftershock sequences during filling is smaller than for the earthquake before filling. Based on the dynamics of the studied parameters, it is conjectured that the relaxation time of the transitional seismic regime after the emergence of induced seismicity is about 10 years. 相似文献
20.
V. B. Smirnov V. O. Mikhailov A. V. Ponomarev K. Arora R. K. Chadha D. Srinagesh M. G. Potanina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2018,54(4):632-640
The spatial and time dynamics are analyzed for the seasonal components of induced seismicity in the Koyna–Warna region of Western India. The peculiarities of the variations in these components are compared to the changes in the local tectonic regime inferred from the focal mechanism data of the earthquakes. Based on this, the hypotheses about the probable nature of the dynamics in the seasonal components of seismicity are suggested. It is noted that the variations in the seasonal seismic activity after the impoundment of the Koyna reservoir in the north are caused by the spatial migration of the induced seismicity and activation of the normal faults in the south. It is hypothesized that the process of fracture migration from the north to the south at this stage advanced the diffusion of the fluid from the Koyna reservoir, and as the water front reached the southern zone of normal faulting, this caused reactivation of the seasonal seismicity. An explanation is suggested for the stronger response of the seasonal activity in the region of Warna reservoir compared to the Koyna area: in contrast to Koyna, filling the Warna reservoir was geographically close to the area of activated seismicity. It is shown that the localization and sizes of the areas of the instantaneous and delayed components in the seasonal activity of the induced seismicity are determined by the localization and sizes of the areas of high stresses created by the increase in the pore pressure in highly permeable fault zones. 相似文献