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1.
Summary The Jinchuan deposit is a platinum group element (PGE)-rich sulfide deposit in China. Drilling and surface sampling show that three categories of platinum group element (PGE) mineralization occur; type I formed at magmatic temperatures, type II occurs in hydrothermally altered zones of the intrusion, and type III in sheared dunite and lherzolite. All ore types were analyzed for Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Au, as well as for Cu, Ni, Co and S. Type I ore has (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios of <7 and relatively flat chondrite-normalized noble metal patterns; the platinum group minerals (PGM) are dominated by sperrylite and moncheite associated with chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and pentlandite. Type II has (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios from 40 to 330 and noble metal distribution patterns with a positive slope; the most common PGM are sperrylite and Pd bismuthotelluride phases concentrated mostly at the margins of base metal sulfides. Type III ores have the highest (Pt + Pd)/(Os + Ir + Ru + Rh) ratios from 240 to 710; the most abundant PGM are sperrylite and phases of the Pt–Pd–Te–Bi–As–Cl system. It is concluded that the Jinchuan deposit formed as a result of primary magmatic crystallization followed by hydrothermal remobilization, transport, and deposition of the PGE.  相似文献   

2.
铂族元素矿物共生组合(英文)   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  
CHEN Yuan 《现代地质》2001,15(2):131-142
由于铂族元素能有效地降低汽车尾气的污染 ,其需求量日益增加 ,对铂族元素矿床的寻找已是当务之急。着重从矿物矿床学角度对铂族元素的矿物共生特点进行了探讨。铂族元素可呈独立矿床产出 ,主要产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中。铂族元素也伴生于铜镍矿床中 ,该类铜镍矿床主要与苏长岩侵入体、溢流玄武岩及科马提岩有关。产于基性超基性层状侵入体中的铂族矿物有铂钯硫化物、铂铁合金、钌硫化物、铑硫化物、铂钯碲化物、钯砷化物及钯的合金。这些铂族矿物可与硫化物矿物共生 ,也可与硅酸盐矿物共生 ,还可与铬铁矿及其他氧化物矿物共生。产于蛇绿岩套中的铂族矿物主要是钌铱锇的矿物 ,而铂钯铑的矿物则较少出现 ,这些铂族矿物可呈合金、硫化物、硫砷化物以及砷化物 4种形式出现。产于阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物主要有铂铁合金、锑铂矿、硫铂矿、砷铂矿、硫锇矿及马兰矿等少数几种 ,其中铂铁合金与铬铁矿及与其同时结晶的高温硅酸盐矿物共生 ,而其他的铂族矿物则与后来的变质作用及蛇纹岩化作用中形成的多金属硫化物及砷化物共生。产于铜镍矿床中的铂族矿物主要是铂和钯的矿物。产于基性超基性层状侵入体、蛇绿岩套及阿拉斯加式侵入体中的铂族矿物的共同特点是它们均与铬铁矿?  相似文献   

3.
The peridotites of the Manipur Ophiolite Complex (MOC) have been examined based on mineral chemistry, major elements and PGE contents. They represent high-magnesian cumulates with Mg# > 0.90 (Mg/Mg+Fe) in olivine and Cr# > 0.12 (Cr/Cr+Al) in spinel. High Mg* contents of the olivine show that these rocks are most likely derived from partial melting of the residual upper mantle. The peridotites contain higher concentration of Palladium Group PGE (PPGE) (Rh=4.4−6.6ppb; Pd=336−458ppb and Pt=14.6−36.4ppb) than the Iridium Group PGE (IPGE) (Os=2.4−5.8ppb; Ir=3.2−4.16ppb and Ru=5.2−7ppb). These are characterized by overall enrichment of PGE concentration (σPGE=365.8 − 516.6 ppb) and high ratio of (Pt+Pd)/(Os+Ir+Ru). This suggests that the rocks are formed by partial melting and crystal fractionation of olivine-rich (picritic) magma.  相似文献   

4.
The new data for the geology and mineralogy of the platinum group element (PGE) mineralization related to the chromite–platinum ore zones within the dunite of the Svetly Bor and Veresovy Bor massifs in the Middle Urals are discussed. The geological setting of the chromite–platinum ore zones, their platinum content, compositional and morphological features of the platinum group minerals (PGM) are compared to those within the Nizhny Tagil massif, the world standard of the zonal complexes in the Platinum Ural belt. The chromite–platinum orebodies are spatially related to the contacts between differently granular dunites. Majority of PGM are formed by Pt–Fe alloys that are close in terms of stoichiometry to isoferroplatinum (Pt3Fe), and associated with Os–Ir alloys, Ru–Os and Ir–Rh sulfides, and Ir–Rh thiospinels of the cuproiridsite–cuprorhodsite–ferrorhodsite solid solution. The tetraferroplatinum (PtFe)–tulameenite (PtFe0.5Cu0.5) solid solution and Pt–Cu alloys belong to the later PGM assemblage. The established features of the chromite–platinum ore zones testify to the highly probable identification of the PGE mineralization within the dunite of the Svetly Bor and Vesesovy Bor massifs and could be used in prospecting and exploration for platinum.  相似文献   

5.
The Palaeoproterozoic Ni–Cu sulphide deposits of the PechengaComplex, Kola Peninsula, occur in the lower parts of ferropicriticintrusions emplaced into the phyllitic and tuffaceous sedimentaryunit of the Pilgujärvi Zone. The intrusive rocks are comagmaticwith extrusive ferropicrites of the overlying volcanic formation.Massive lavas and chilled margins from layered flows and intrusionscontain <3–7 ng/g Pd and Pt and <0·02–2·0ng/g Ir, Os and Ru with low Pd/Ir ratios of 5–11. Theabundances of platinum group elements (PGE) correlate with eachother and with chalcophile elements such as Cu and Ni, and indicatea compatible behaviour during crystallization of the parentalmagma. Compared with the PGE-depleted central zones of differentiatedflows (spinifex and clinopyroxene cumulate zones) the olivinecumulate zones at the base contain elevated PGE abundances upto 10 ng/g Pd and Pt. A similar pattern is displayed in intrusivebodies, such as the Kammikivi sill and the Pilgujärvi intrusion.The olivine cumulates at the base of these bodies contain massiveand disseminated Ni–Cu-sulphides with up to 2 µg/gPd and Pt, but the PGE concentrations in the overlying clinopyroxenitesand gabbroic rocks are in many cases below the detection limits.The metal distribution observed in samples closely representingliquid compositions suggests that the parental magma becamesulphide saturated during the emplacement and depleted in chalcophileand siderophile metals as a result of fractional segregationof sulphide liquids. Relative sulphide liquid–silicatemelt partition coefficients decrease in the order of Ir >Rh > Os > Ru > Pt = Pd > Cu. R-factors (silicate-sulphidemass ratio) are high and of the order of 104–105, andthey indicate the segregation of only small amounts of sulphideliquid in the parental ferropicritic magma. In differentiatedflows and intrusions the sulphide liquids segregated and accumulatedat the base of these bodies, but because of a low silicate–sulphidemass ratio the sulphide liquids had a low PGE tenor and Pt/Irand Cu/Ir ratios similar to the parental silicate melts. Duringcooling the sulphide liquid crystallized 40–50% of monosulphidesolid solution (mss) and the residual sulphide liquid becameenriched in Cu, Pt and Pd and depleted in Ir, Os and Ru. TheCu-rich sulphide liquid locally assimilated components of thesurrounding S-rich sediments as suggested by the radiogenicOs isotopic composition of some sulphide ores (  相似文献   

6.
In order to constrain the highly siderophile elements (HSE: Re and platinum group elements (PGE: Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd)) host mineral(s) in refractory, base metal sulfide-free mantle residues, four very depleted spinel-harzburgites from the Lherz massif (France) have been analyzed for HSE in whole-rock and in major mineral separates (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel) by isotope dilution. In addition, HSE host minerals have been separated and analyzed with a scanning electron microscope. Olivine and spinel show the highest HSE concentration especially for Os, Ir, Ru and Pt (up to 10 ppb) among the modally-major minerals, while the pyroxenes are 1-2 orders of magnitude poorer in HSE. The major minerals account for less than 30% of the whole-rock platinum group element budget. On the other hand, rare, micron to submicron platinum group minerals (PGM), such as Ru-Os ± Ir sulfides and Pt-Ir ± Os alloys, likely located in the intergranular spaces of the refractory depleted harzburgite, account for 50-100% of the HSE budget. The PGM grains are interpreted to be residual, having formed in response to the complete consumption of the base-metal sulfides by the high degree of partial melting (i.e. 23-24%) experienced by these samples. As they sequester the compatible platinum group elements (Os, Ir, Ru and Pt) in the mantle residue, these PGM provide key constraints for the modelling of PGE contents in terrestrial basalts (e.g. the solid/liquid partition coefficients needed to account for the compatible behavior of these elements in the mantle residue) and for understanding the long-lived Os isotope heterogeneities of the upper mantle, especially the old Re-Os ages found in young oceanic mantle. In fact, because of their Os-rich compositions and high melting temperatures, these microphases are likely to preserve their initial Os isotopic compositions unmodified over multiple events of mantle melting and mixing, and therefore generate, through recycling, heterogeneous Os isotopic signatures at different scales in the convecting mantle.  相似文献   

7.
Platinum-group minerals (PGM) have been identified as inclusions in chromite from the Bird River Sill, Manitoba. The inclusions are small (<20 microns) and are commonly euhedral. The PGM inclusions are (Ru, Os, Ir) S2, laurite, and (Os, Ir, Ru alloy), rutheniridosmine: Laurites contain up to 2.99 wt. % palladium. Arsenic content is negligible and no platinum or rhodium has been detected. One platinum-group element alloy contains 0.96 wt. % rhodium but neither platinum nor palladium has been detected. Laurite inclusions in chromite from the ultramafic zone record two compositional trends; first increasing and then decreasing Ru/(Ru+Os+Ir) up section. PGM inclusions and other solid inclusions occur as discrete phases in chromite and are part of the chromite precipitation event. Increasing oxygen fugacity by wall rock assimilation or new magma injection initiates chromite precipitation, locally increasing the sulphur content of the magma to convert PGE alloys to sulphides.  相似文献   

8.
The Huangshannan magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit is one of a group of Permian magmatic Ni-Cu deposits located in the southern Central Asian Orogenic belt in the Eastern Tianshan, northwest China. It is characterized by elevated Ni tenor (concentrations in recalculated 100% sulfide) in sulfide within ultramafic rocks (9–19 wt%), with values much higher than other deposits in the region. Sulfides of the Huangshannan deposit are composed of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite and the host rock is relatively fresh, indicating that the high-Ni tenor is a primary magmatic feature rather than formed by alteration processes. It is shown that sulfides with high-Ni tenor can be generated by sulfide-olivine equilibrium at an oxygen fugacity of QFM +0.5, for magmas containing 450 ppm Ni and 20% olivine. Ores with >10 wt% sulfur have relatively low PGE and Ni tenors compared to other ores, R factor (mass ratio of silicate to sulfide liquid) modeling of Ni indicates that they formed at moderate R values (150–600). Based on this constraint on R values, ores with <10 wt% sulfides in the Huangshannan deposit can be segregated from a similar parental magma with 0.05 ppb Os, 0.023 ppb Ir, and 0.5 ppb Pd at R values between 600 and 3000. This, coupled with the supra-cotectic proportions of sulfide liquid to cumulus silicates in the Huangshannan ores imply mechanical transport and deposition of sulfide liquid in a magma pathway or conduit, in which sulfides must have interacted with large volumes of silicate magma. Platinum and Pd depletion relative to other platinum group elements (PGEs) are observed in fresh and sulfide-rich samples (S > 4.5 wt%). As sulfide-rich samples are also depleted in Cu, and as interstitial sulfides in those samples are physically interconnected at a scale of several cms, the low Pt and Pd anomalies are attributed to solid Pt and Pd phases crystallization and retention with the monosulfide solid solution (MSS) and Cu-rich sulfide liquid percolation during MSS fractionation. This finding indicates that Pt anomalies in sulfide-rich rocks from magmatic Ni-Cu deposits in the Eastern Tianshan are the result of sulfide fractionation rather than a hydrothermal effect. 187Os/188Os(278Ma) values of the lherzolite samples vary from 0.27 to 0.37 and γOs(278Ma) values vary from 110 to 189, indicating significant magma interaction with crustal sulfides, rich in radiogenic Os. Well constrained γOs values and δ34S values (−0.4 to 0.8‰) indicate that crustal contamination occurred at depth before the arrival of the magma in the Huangshannan chamber. Regionally, deposits with high-Ni tenor have not been reported other than the Huangshannan deposit; however, many intrusions with high-Ni contents in olivine are present in NW China, such as the Erhongwa, Poyi and Poshi intrusions. Those intrusions are capable of forming high-Ni tenor sulfides due to olivine-sulfide-silicate equilibrium and relative high-Ni content in parent magma, making them attractive exploration targets.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Occurrences of platinum-group minerals (PGM) from chromitites of the Great Serpentinite Belt of New South Wales are reported for the first time in this study. On the basis of their major components, these minerals are classified into various groups, including sulphides, sulpharsenides, arsenides, antimonides, amalgams, and alloys of Os-Ir-Ru-(Fe Ni), Pd Cu Sn, Ni-Fe-Pt-Pd, Pd-Pb-Cu, and Rh-Sn-Cu. They are present: (i) as inclusions within chromite, (ii) in interstitial silicates, (iii) in ferritchromite and (iv) along fractures in chromite. Ir-subgroup (Ir, Os, Ru) minerals (IPGM) dominate podiform chromitites hosted by upper mantle serpentinised harzburgite, whereas Pdsubgroup (Pd, Pt, Rh) minerals (PPGM) characterise banded chromitites in cumulates of the overlying magmatic series. A highly brecciated podiform chromitite, however, is distinguished by abundant disseminated PPGM containing Sb ± Cu. Primary magmatic PGM in podiform chromitite comprise IPGM sulphides, sulpharsenides, and alloys, whereas hydrothermal PGM are characterised by PPGM alloys with Hg, Sb, and Cu. Dominantly hydrothermal PGM in the banded chromitites formed by remobilisation of primary magmatic PGM during serpentinisation. The contrast in PGM association is related to the crystallisation of the host chromitites; IPGM crystallised early from the parental magma along with podiform chromitite, but PPGM formed later at lower temperatures during crystallisation of banded chromitite.[
Platingruppen-Minerale in den Chromititen aus dem Great Serpentinite Belt, NSW, Australien
Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie wird zum ersten Mal über das Vorkommen von PlatingruppenMineralen (PGM) in Chromititen der Great Serpentinite Belt berichtet. Die auftretenden Mineralphasen umfassen Sulfide, Sulfarsenide, Arsenide, Antimonide, Amalgam und Legierungen von Os-Ir-(Fe-Ni), Pd-Cu-Sn, Ni-Fe-Pt-Pd, Pd-Pb-Cu and Rh-Sn-Cu. Sie treten als i) Einschlüsse im Chromit, ii) in Silikaten der Grundmasse, iii) Im Ferritchromit und iv) in Frakturen des Chromit auf. Mineralphasen der Ir-Untergruppe (IPGM = Ir, Os, Ru) dominieren in podiformen Chromititen, die in serpentinisierten Harzburgiten des oberen Mantels auftreten. Minerale der Pd-Untergruppe (PPGM = Pd, Pt, Rh) charakterisieren gebänderte Chromitite, die innerhalb der über der Mantelsequenz liegenden Kumulatabfolge vorkommen. Ein deutlich brekzierter podiformer Chromitit unterscheidet sich von den übrigen podiformen Chromititen durch häufiges Auftreten von disseminierten PPGM, die auch Sb ± Cu führen. Primär magmatisch gebildete PGM in podiformen Chromititen umfassen IPGM in Form von Sulfide, Sulfarsenide und Legierungen, während PPGM als Legierungen mit Hg, Sb und Cu hydrothermale Phasen darstellen. Die hydrothermalen PGM in den gebänderten Chromititen wurden überwiegend durch Remobilisation aus primär magmatischen PGM während der Serpentinisierung gebildet. Der markante Unterschied in den während der Serpentinisierung gebildet. Der markante nterschied in den PGM-Assoziationen steht mit der Kristallisation des jeweiligen Chromitit in Verbindung: Während IPGM früh aus dem Magma zusammen mit den podiformen Chromititen kristallisierten, wurden PPGM später unter niedrigeren Temperaturen während der Kristallisation der gebänderten Chromitite gebildet.[
  相似文献   

10.
Mineralogical studies of the heavy fraction from a Holocene pyrope-rich garnet placer deposit at Vestřev (Krkonoše Piedmont Basin, Bohemian Massif) have identified the presence of very rare grains of platinum group minerals (PGM). Pt–Fe alloy grains are accompanied by Os–Ir–Ru minerals (native osmium, iridium, and ruthenium) with inclusions of Pt–Fe alloy and hongshiite (PtCu). This mineral assemblage is typical for several mantle settings including ophiolites. The chemistry of the Os–Ir–Ru minerals shows an enrichment of the PGM in Ru, which is typical of ophiolites. The grain morphology of PGM and pyrope-rich garnet (mostly rounded with numerous euhedral/subhedral grains) does not exclude a common source. In-situ laser-ablation MC-ICP-MS was used to measure the Re–Os isotopic compositions of single Os-rich grains, which show heterogeneous subchondritic Os isotopic compositions (187Os/188Os = 0.12082–0.12505 ± 0.00003). This precludes their low-temperature origin and indicates derivation of platinum-group elements (PGEs) essentially from mantle-derived rocks without a significant contribution of crustal Os. The mantle model age (TMA) and Re-depletion model age (TRD) model ages range from ~ 0.4 to ~ 1.0 Ga and most likely reflect a long history of melt depletion that affected the mantle sources of PGM.  相似文献   

11.
金川铜镍硫化物矿床的成因及侵位机制尤其是块状矿石和铂钯富集体成因一直存在较大争议,本文通过对金川矿石的空间关系、地球化学特征研究,指出金川矿床遭受构造及热液蚀变作用影响明显,块状矿石相对富集Os、Ir、Ru、Rh,铂钯富集体相对富集Pt、Pd、Au、Cu.研究认为,块状矿石是晚期纯硫化物矿浆上升贯入后经单硫化物固溶体结晶堆积而成,残余熔浆形成初始铂族矿物,后期矿体遭受热液蚀变及构造剪切-热液作用,使Pt、Pd、Cu、Au迸一步富集形成铂钯富集体,并在有利于成矿的空间聚集成矿.块状矿石与铂钯富集体关系密切,据此推测2 #矿体、24#矿体深边部裂隙中具有良好的勘探前景.  相似文献   

12.
All platinum-group metals (PGM) in ashed plant tissues, from an area of platinum mineralization in Saskatchewan, have been measured by neutron activation analysis of a NiS fire assay bead. Concentrations of up to 1350 ppb (ng/g) Pd, 880 ppb Pt, 49 ppb Rh, 37 ppb Ru, 24 ppb Ir, and 15 ppb Os occur in ashed twigs of black spruce (Picea mariana), indicating that the ratios of PGM uptake are about the same as those occurring in the bedrock. Plants growing on drift-covered diabase, known to have about 100 ppb PGM, contain up to 77 ppb Pt in ash, demonstrating the potential value of biogeochemical methods in helping to delineate platiniferous zones. Twigs of black spruce, jack pine, and labrador tea appear to be the optimum sample media in this environment.A rapid multi-element neutron activation analysis by direct irradiation of tissue permits measurement of 0.05 ppb Ir in dry material, or 2 ppb Ir in ashed samples. In view of the normally very low concentrations of Ir in plants, any detectable Ir probably indicates enrichment of PGM in the substrate.Comparison of several wet-chemical analytical methods indicates that the optimum (cost-effective) technique for detecting 1–2 ppb Pt, Pd, or Rh in 2-g samples of ash is by Te co-precipitation (following fusion and dissolution), and analysis by ICP-MS with sample introduction by electrothermal vaporization. However, care must be taken to ensure complete dissolution of all PGMs in the ash.  相似文献   

13.
方解石作为木落稀土矿床常见的脉石矿物,其中的铂族元素(简称PGE)地球化学特征有可能记录了地质流体的性质。采用ICP-MS分析木落方解石中PGE的含量,并对铂族元素的分布、相关性、成因进行了探讨。木落方解石可以分为两类:I型方解石和Ⅱ型方解石。I型方解石中∑PGE(不含Os)0.62～1.33ng/g,具相对低的Pd/Pt、Pd/Rh、Pd/Ru、Pd/Ir比值,不太显著的Pt-Pd分配模式,为岩浆成因方解石,与成矿作用密切相关;Ⅱ型方解石中∑PGE(不含Os)1.85～2.97ng/g,具相对高的Pd/Pt、Pd/Rh、Pd/Ru、Pd/Ir比值和显著的Pt-Pd分配模式,为热液成因方解石,代表了成矿作用后的一期地质流体作用,与成矿关系不大,仅局部地区存在改造前次流体作用形成的稀土矿体。富CO2热液具有携带PGE的能力,并能够导致PGE的分异,与富CO2岩浆相比,富CO2热液对铂族元素具有一定程度的富集作用。  相似文献   

14.
The Merensky Reef of the Bushveld Complex contains one of theworld’s largest concentrations of platinum-group elements(PGE). We have investigated ‘normal’ reef, its footwalland its hanging wall at Impala Platinum Mines. The Reef is 46cm thick and consists from bottom to top of leuconorite, anorthosite,chromitite and a very coarse-grained melanorite. The footwallis leuconorite and the hanging wall is melanorite. The onlyhydrous mineral present is biotite, which amounts to 1%, orless, of the rock. All of the rocks contain 0·1–5%interstitial sulphides (pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite),with the Reef rocks containing the most sulphides (1–5%).Lithophile inter-element ratios suggest that the magma fromwhich the rocks formed was a mixture of the two parental magmasof the Bushveld Complex (a high-Mg basaltic andesite and a tholeiiticbasalt). The Reef rocks have low incompatible element contentsindicating that they contain 10% or less melt fraction. Nickel,Cu, Se, Ag, Au and the PGE show good correlations with S inthe silicate rocks, suggesting control of the abundance of thesemetals by sulphides. The concentration of the chalcophile elementsand PGE in the silicate rocks may be modelled by assuming thatthe rocks contain sulphide liquid formed in equilibrium withthe evolving silicate magma. It is, however, difficult to modelthe Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pt concentrations in the chromititesby sulphide liquid collection alone, as the rocks contain 3–4times more Os, Ir, Ru, Rh and Pt than the sulphide-collectionmodel would predict. Two possible solutions to this are: (1)platinum-group minerals (PGM) crystallize from the sulphideliquid in the chromitites; (2) PGM crystallize directly fromthe silicate magma. To model the concentrations of Os, Ir, Ru,Rh and Pt in the chromitites it is necessary to postulate thatin addition to the 1% sulphides in the chromitites there isa small quantity (0·005%) of cumulus PGM (laurite, cooperiteand malanite) present. Sulphide liquids do crystallize PGM atlow fS2. Possibly the sulphide liquid that was trapped betweenthe chromite grains lost some Fe and S by reaction with thechromite and this provoked the crystallization of PGM from thesulphide liquid. Alternatively, the PGM could have crystallizeddirectly from the silicate magma when it became saturated inchromite. A weakness of this model is that at present the exactmechanism of how and why the magma becomes saturated in PGMand chromite synchronously is not understood. A third modelfor the concentration of PGE in the Reef is that the PGE arecollected from the underlying cumulus pile by Cl-rich hydrousfluids and concentrated in the Reef at a reaction front. Althoughthere is ample evidence of compaction and intercumulus meltmigration in the Impala rocks, we do not think that the PGEwere introduced into the Reef from below, because the rocksunderlying the Reef are not depleted in PGE, whereas those overlyingthe Reef are depleted. This distribution pattern is inconsistentwith a model that requires introduction of PGE by intercumulusfluid percolation from below. KEY WORDS: Merensky Reef; platinum-group elements; chalcophile elements; microstructures  相似文献   

15.
Magmatic sulfide deposits consist of pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite (± pyrite), and platinum-group minerals (PGM). Understanding the distribution of the chalcophile and platinum-group element (PGE) concentrations among the base metal sulfide phases and PGM is important both for the petrogenetic models of the ores and for the efficient extraction of the PGE. Typically, pyrrhotite and pentlandite host much of the PGE, except Pt which forms Pt minerals. Chalcopyrite does not host PGE and the role of pyrite has not been closely investigated. The Ni–Cu–PGE ores from the South Range of Sudbury are unusual in that sulfarsenide PGM, rather than pyrrhotite and pentlandite, are the main carrier of PGE, probably as the result of arsenic contribution to the sulfide liquid by the As-bearing metasedimentary footwall rocks. In comparison, the North Range deposits of Sudbury, such as the McCreedy East deposit, have As-poor granites in the footwall, and the ores commonly contain pyrite. Our results show that in the pyrrhotite-rich ores of the McCreedy East deposit Os, Ir, Ru, Rh (IPGE), and Re are concentrated in pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and surprisingly in pyrite. This indicates that sulfarsenides, which are not present in the ores, were not important in concentrating PGE in the North Range of Sudbury. Palladium is present in pentlandite and, together with Pt, form PGM such as (PtPd)(TeBi)2. Platinum is also found in pyrite. Two generations of pyrite are present. One pyrite is primary and locally exsolved from monosulfide solid solution (MSS) in small amounts (<2 wt.%) together with pyrrhotite and pentlandite. This pyrite is unexpectedly enriched in IPGE, As (± Pt) and the concentrations of these elements are oscillatory zoned. The other pyrite is secondary and formed by alteration of the MSS cumulates by late magmatic/hydrothermal fluids. This pyrite is unzoned and has inherited the low concentrations of IPGE and Re from the pyrrhotite and pentlandite that it has replaced.  相似文献   

16.
采用ICP—MS方法分析了煎茶岭和金川硫化镍矿床岩石、矿石的铂族元素含量,煎茶岭岩体蛇纹岩的Cu／Pd比值低于原生地幔岩浆,说明岩浆熔离作用较弱,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较小,指示其多数矿石属于岩浆型,以岩浆成矿作用为主;而金川岩体的平均Cu／Pd比值远大于原生地幔岩浆,表明岩浆熔离作用强,矿石的Pd／Ir比值较大,体现了钯族元素矿化及成矿物质以幔源为主的特征。煎茶岭在成矿过程中有壳源物质的混染,整体上岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较低,这与岩浆熔离作用弱、铂族元素成矿作用不发育等因素有关;金川在成岩成矿过程中也有少量地壳物质的混染,但岩石、矿石铂族元素含量较高,反映了以岩浆深部熔离成矿作用为主的特征。  相似文献   

17.
金川铜镍硫化物矿床岩浆通道型矿体地质地球化学特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
田毓龙  包国忠  汤中立  王玉山 《地质学报》2009,83(10):1515-1525
金川铜镍硫化物矿床6行富铜（铂族）矿体曾因Cu、Pt、Pd等含量明显高于相邻其它矿体而被认为是岩浆期后热液叠加作用的产物,研究发现,空间上该矿体受断层构造控制,在矿石组构、矿物组成和硫同位素组成方面与相邻岩浆融离型1号矿体一致,显示了该矿体岩浆成矿作用的特征。在元素地球化学方面,6行富铜（铂族）矿体的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd含量及Cu/Ni比值明显高于1号主矿体,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru却明显低于后者,同时,前者相对富含LREE,轻、重稀土分异程度高于后者。根据硫化物结晶分异过程中金属元素分配规律及稀土元素特征,阐明了6行富铜（铂族）矿体为岩浆通道型矿体,是岩浆硫化物晚期结晶的产物。矿区中西部存在的Cu、Ni、Pt、Pd、Au等含量高,而Os、Ir、Rh、Ru含量低的部位,是寻找岩浆通道型矿体的有利部位。  相似文献   

18.
Voluminous platinum-group mineral(PGM) inclusions including erlichmanite(Os,Ru)S_2, laurite(Ru,Os)S_2, and irarsite(Ir,Os,Ru,Rh)As S, as well as native osmium Os(Ir) and inclusions of base metal sulphides(BMS), including millerite(NiS), heazlewoodite(Ni_3S_2), covellite(CuS) and digenite(Cu_3S_2), accompanied by native iron, have been identified in chromitites of the Zedang ophiolite, Tibet. The PGMs occur as both inclusions in magnesiochromite grains and as small interstitial granules between them; most are less than 10 μm in size and vary in shape from euhedral to anhedral. They occur either as single or composite(biphase or polyphase) grains composed solely of PGM, or PGM associated with silicate grains. Os-, Ir-, and Ru-rich PGMs are the common species and Pt-, Pd-, and Rh-rich varieties have not been identified. Sulfur fugacity and temperature appear to be the main factors that controlled the PGE mineralogy during crystallization of the host chromitite in the upper mantle. If the activity of chalcogenides(such as S, and As) is low, PGE clusters will remain suspended in the silicate melt until they can coalesce to form alloys. Under appropriate conditions of ?S_2 and ?O_2, PGE alloys might react with the melt to form sulfides-sulfarsenides. Thus, we suggest that the Os, Ir and Ru metallic clusters and alloys in the Zedang chromitites crystallized first under high temperature and low ?S_2, followed by crystallization of sulphides of the laurite-erlichmanite, solid-solution series as the magma cooled and ?S_2 increased. The abundance of primary BMS in the chromitites suggests that ?S_2 reached relatively high values during the final stages of magnesiochromite crystallization. The diversity of the PGE minerals, in combination with differences in the petrological characteristics of the magnesiochromites, suggest different degrees of partial melting, perhaps at different depths in the mantle. The estimated parental magma composition suggests formation in a suprasubduction zone environment, perhaps in a forearc.  相似文献   

19.
Summary This study reports the first documented occurrence of platinum group-minerals (PGM) in the vicinity of the Voisey’s Bay magmatic sulfide ore deposit. The PGM are present in a sulfide poor, hornblende gabbro dyke in the Southeast Extension Zone of the massive sulfide Ovoid deposit. The dyke has somewhat elevated concentrations of platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold (up to 1.95 g/t Pt, 1.41 g/t Pd, and 6.59 g/t Au), as well as Cu, Pb, Ag, Sn, Te, Bi and Sb. The PGM formed by magmatic processes and were little disturbed by subsequent infiltration of an externally-supplied hydrothermal fluid. To date, no similar PGM occurrences have been discovered in the Ovoid deposit itself. Whole rock REE patterns indicate that the dyke is geochemically related to the main conduit troctolites, which carry the bulk of the massive sulfide mineralization at Voisey’s Bay. The PGE mineralization is Pt- and Pd-rich, where the Pt and Pd occur predominantly as discrete PGM with minor Pd in solid solution in galena (average=1.8 ppm) and pentlandite (average=2 ppm). The discrete PGM are predominantly hosted by disseminated base-metal sulfides (bornite, chalcopyrite, and galena) (56 vol%) and are associated with other precious metal minerals (13 vol%) with only ∼3 vol% of the PGM hosted by silicate minerals. In whole rock samples, the PPGE (Pt, Pd, and Rh) correlate with abundances of chalcopyrite, bornite, galena, and other precious metal minerals (PMM), whereas the IPGE (Ir, Ru, and Rh) correlate with pyrrhotite and pentlandite. There are no correlations of the PGE with chlorine. Lead isotope compositions of galena associated with the PGE mineralization in the Southeast Extension Zone are broadly similar to those for galena in the Ovoid. The lead isotope compositions are much different from those in the Voisey’s Bay Syenite, which is a potential external hydrothermal fluid source. The observed Cu-rich, Pb-rich sulfide compositions and associated Pt-Pd-Au-Ag-Sn-Te-Bi-Sb assemblage in the dyke can be produced magmatically as late ISS differentiates (e.g., Prichard et al., 2004). Melting temperatures of the PGM are also consistent with a magmatic origin. Following crystallization of PGM from magmatic sulfide, an external REE-enriched hydrothermal fluid was introduced to the system, producing secondary amphibole and locally remobilizing the Pb and Sn from the sulfides hosting the PGM. Author’s address: M. A. E. Huminicki, Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada A1B 3X5  相似文献   

20.
The Wengeqi complex in Guyang County, Inner Mongolia, is one of several Pd–Pt-mineralized Paleozoic mafic–ultramafic complexes along the north-central margin of the North China. The complex comprises pyroxenites, biotite pyroxenites, amphibole pyroxenites, gabbros, and amphibolites. Zircons extracted from a pyroxenite yield a U–Pb SHRIMP age of 399?±?4?Ma. Several 2–6-m wide syngenetic websterite dikes contain 1–3?ppm Pd?+?Pd and are dominated by pyrite–chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–magnetite–(pentlandite) assemblages with minor sperrylite, sudburyite, and kotuskite. Textural relationships indicate that pyrite has replaced magmatic chalcopyrite and that magnetite has replaced magmatic pyrrhotite. The mineralization is enriched in Pd–Pt–Cu > Au >> Rh–Ir–Os–Ni > Ru, similar to other occurrences of hydrothermally modified magmatic mineralization, but very different from the much less fractionated compositions of magmatic PGE mineralization. Textural, mineralogical, and geochemical relationships are consistent with alteration of an original magmatic Fe–Ni–Cu sulfide assemblage by a S-rich oxidizing high-temperature (deuteric) hydrothermal fluid.  相似文献   

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