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1.
重力异常揭示地壳三维密度结构是地球物理的重要目标和任务,其关键技术是密度反演.本文对滇西地区重力异常进行了多尺度密度反演,首先利用小波变换对重力异常进行多尺度分解,接着利用功率谱分析方法估算各层场源的平均深度,然后利用广义密度反演方法进行各层密度反演,取得区域地壳多个深度上的密度扰动图像.滇西上地壳高密度扰动出现在扬子克拉通内部和西缘,以及澜沧江断裂带西缘,后者对应昌宁—勐连蛇绿混杂岩带及岛弧岩浆岩带.上地壳低密度异常主要反映西昌裂谷带和高黎贡—腾冲一带的岩浆房,和兰坪—思茅盆地中的坳陷带指示钾盐等沉积矿产目的层较厚的区段.滇西上地壳和中地壳出现三条低密度扰动带,与三期大陆碰撞带的吻合.大部分6级以上地震分布在低密度异常区或它们的边缘,只有在西昌—元古谋裂带才分布在高密度异常区.克拉通内部古裂谷带地震可分布在高密度异常区.在26°N线以南下地壳为高密度区,以北为低密度区.因此,26°N线的一个属性是下地壳密度差异分界线.滇西由北向南地壳加厚缩短的程度是逐渐变弱的,在26°N线以南,南北向的地壳加厚缩短就不明显了.高黎贡走滑剪切带、澜沧江走滑剪切带、红河走滑剪切带在滇西中地壳密度扰动平面图中表现为密度急变的梯度带.表明这三条主要的走滑剪切断裂带都穿过中地壳并可能延深到下地壳. 相似文献
2.
—Methods and the results of estimating the anomalies characterising the density inhomo geneities in the European-Mediterranean upper mantle are described. These anomalies were obtained by subtracting the gravity effect of a crustal density model derived from seismic velocities from the observed gravity field averaging over an area of 1°× 1°. The 3-D density model of the study region comprises two regional layers of varying thickness with lateral variation of average density the sedimentary cover and the crystalline crust. The average densities for model layers were evaluated by using a velocity/density conversion function and taking into account sediment consolidation with depth. Clear correlation between residual gravity anomalies and both velocity heterogeneities and thermal regime data of the upper mantle has been revealed. An agreement of positive anomalies over the Alps, the Adriatic plate and the Calabrian Arc with high velocity domains in the upper mantle and reduced temperatures at the subcrustal layer are caused by lithospheric "roots" and thickened lithosphere below these structures. Gravity residual lows, revealed over the Western Mediterranean Basin and Pannonian Basin, are in correspondence with both low velocities and high temperatures in the upper mantle. These anomalies are the result of the presence of asthenosphere in shallow near-Moho depths below these basins. 相似文献
3.
An integrated geodynamic model of the Nankai subduction zone and neighboring regions from geophysical inversion and modeling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I investigate large-scale deep crustal structures of the Nankai subduction zone and neighboring region using regional magnetic and gravity anomalies, heat flow measurements, and earthquake hypocenters. It is found that ages, dip angles, and geothermal states of the subducting slab have direct influences on mantle wedge serpentinization. The weakest serpentinization observed in the Nankai forearc region is associated with the youngest downgoing plate of the Shikoku Basin. Conspicuous gravity anomalies identified in the forearc region are coincidental spatially with magnetic anomalies after the reduction to the pole, a mathematical procedure that helps relocate magnetic sources and boundaries, and allows us to more easily interpret magnetic data. It is argued that these patches of magnetic and gravity anomalies are caused by the same sources of anomalous density and magnetization, and are linked directly to preexisting structures such as magnetic anomalies and their boundaries in the subducting oceanic crust. Since the gravity and magnetic anomaly patches are found to be closely related to interplate seismogenic behaviors in the Nankai subduction zone, I suggest that major magnetic boundaries in the Shikoku Basin are likely weak places for slab tears that trigger seismic segmentations along the subduction zone. 相似文献
4.
Fourier transformation of gravity and magnetic anomalies from space to the frequency domain provides aready method for source depth estimation since progressively deeper sources are indicated by the lower frequency components of an anomaly. Two examples are presented here to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. One example pertains to the interpretation of vertical intensity magnetic anomalies over a layered ultramafic body for estimating the thickness of relatively non-magnetic layer in it and map the dispositions of the layers. The other example is the estimation of crustal thickness in the Indian region from the Bouguer anomaly map. The spectral method is shown, by these two examples, to provide a rapid and elegant tool for the source depth estimation for magnetic and gravity data. 相似文献
5.
怀—涿地区是我国首都圈重要地震活动区之一,为探析北京地区深部孕震环境及发震机制,布设并完成了NWW向横跨怀—涿盆地的大地电磁测深数据采集、处理与反演工作,并对已有的区域重磁数据进行了三维聚焦反演.基于以上二维电性结构剖面和重磁三维结构,结合区域地质、地震探测和水化学资料,取得以下认识:(1)怀—涿盆地中下地壳存在低密度、低磁性和高导性的同源物质异常体,该异常平面上呈NEE向椭圆形分布,在温泉屯一带埋藏最浅,约12 km.而盆地边缘岩体地球物理特征表现为高密度、中高磁性和高电阻率.震中多发生在盆岭交汇处,而震源位置则处在物性结构梯度带上,表明中下地壳不同物质的电性、密度、磁性及温度的差异是怀一涿地区深部重要的孕震环境.(2)怀—涿地区中下地壳高导异常体可能为上涌的地幔物质与沿断裂带进入地壳内部的地表水共同的反映.(3)在怀—涿盆地西北缘和东南缘形成的两大震区与盆地内部高温流体的运移有着密切关系,即两大震区为同一高温流体在中下地壳与围岩相互作用的结果.(4)本次涿鹿地震发生可能的机制为:在NEE向构造应力作用下,地下高温流体向NNW方向缓慢迁移,当遇到大海陀岩体阻挡后,转而从岩石结构稳定性较差的老君山亚口向东部延—矾盆地迁移,在高温流体迁移的过程中促使杏园村—万窑村一带的老君山体发生高倾角右旋走滑型断裂. 相似文献
6.
本文利用重力和地震P波到时数据反演得到了中国东北地区地壳上地幔三维密度结构.与单一的重力或地震反演相比,重震反演一方面有效地克服了重力反演结果垂向分辨率低的问题,另一方面也提高了地震反演结果的可靠性.结果显示:中国东北地区的地壳及上地幔剩余密度异常分布与构造单元具有明显的相关性,造山带对应低密度异常,盆地对应高密度异常;区域内火山下方有明显的低密度体存在,可能是由于太平洋板块俯冲进入上地幔并部分滞留,在滞留板块深部脱水和软流圈热物质共同作用下产生了上涌岩浆,喷发后形成了火山. 相似文献
7.
青藏高原东北缘重力异常多尺度横向构造分析 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
本文研究了青藏高原东北缘地区布格重力异常特征,采用优化滤波法和归一化总水平梯度垂直导数法对研究区重力异常进行多尺度分离和横向构造分析.分离出的多尺度重力异常特征表明:1) 青藏高原东北缘地区大致以东经106°线为界,有一条醒目的重力异常梯级带,即贺兰山-六盘山-川滇南北构造带的北段,其东西两侧布格重力异常特征在形态和走向上截然不同,意味着两侧密度结构和构造特征存在明显差异. 2) 鄂尔多斯地块内部定边以北,重力异常高带走向由北东向转为近南北向,推测定边附近存在一个密度或构造界面,其两侧物质组成和构造特征具有差异,对比大尺度重力异常和中尺度重力异常,表明异常特征的这种差异主要是由上地幔深部结构引起的. 3) 青藏高原东北部各块体深部边界位置与地表构造分布不同,反映出该区构造复杂,深浅构造差异大. 4) 由于印度-欧亚板块碰撞及随后印度板块持续向北的挤压作用,造成青藏高原东北缘中、下地壳物质在巨大的北东向推挤力和鄂尔多斯刚性块体阻挡的共同作用下,沿着相对软弱的秦岭造山带方向蠕动.依据多尺度重力异常及其横向构造特征,综合推断出研究区内五条断裂带,即秦岭地轴北缘断裂带、海原-六盘山断裂带、香山-天景山断裂带、烟筒山断裂带和青铜峡-固原断裂带,并分析了它们在地壳深部的可能展布特征. 相似文献
8.
利用重、磁和天然地震资料对中南地区进行了综合地质地球物理研究.根据研究区的重、磁异常的分布特征,可将其分为4个重力异常区、3个航磁异常区.根据重力资料反演计算得到的研究区的地壳厚度在295～41 km之间,总的趋势为西厚东薄,地壳厚度与地形起伏基本上呈镜像关系.根据磁力资料计算得到的研究区居里界面在12～40 km之间变化.地震层析成像结果表明研究区内的速度分布总体上体现了纵横交错的断块特征.在纵向尺度上,江汉－洞庭盆地以及周缘造山带的上地壳结构变化不大,中地壳和下地壳则普遍受到现今构造活动的改造,以致岩石的结构发生了一定的变化.它们主要表现为低速区域的扩大,尤其是在地壳下部尤为突出,这与断陷盆地的拉张以及造山带岩石层的底侵和拆沉作用密切相关.通过对研究区地球物理场的分析计算,在研究区共提取主要断裂带34条.根据岩石层板块大地构造理论,依据岩石层结构、地壳结构和结晶基底等深部结构的不同,将研究区中板内不同构造单元——块体作为一级构造单元,块体之间的深大断裂带作为块体的边界——块体结合带,据此原则在研究区中划分出两个一级构造单元,五个二级构造单元. 相似文献
9.
Crustal velocity,density structure,and seismogenic environment in the southern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 The southern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt in China is a critical region for earthquake preparedness and risk reduction efforts. However, limited by the low density of seismic stations and the use of single-parameter physical structural models, the deep tectonic features and seismogenic environment in this area remain controversial. Thus, a comprehensive analysis based on high-resolution crustal structures and multiple physical parameters is required. In this study, we applied the ambient noise tomography method to obtain the three-dimensional (3D) crustal S-wave velocity structure using continuous waveform data from 112 permanent stations and 350 densely distributed temporary stations in the southern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt. Then, we obtained the high-resolution 3D density structure through wavenumber-domain 3D gravity imaging constrained by the velocity structure. The low-velocity and low-density anomalies in the upper crust of the study area were mainly distributed in the Sichuan Basin and around Dali and Simao, while the high-velocity and high-density anomalies were primarily distributed in the Panxi region, corresponding to the surface geological features. Two prominent low-velocity and low-density anomalies were observed in the middle and lower crust: one to the west of the Songpan-Garzê block and Sichuan-Yunnan diamond-shaped block, and the other near the Anninghe-Xiaojiang fault. Combined with the spatial distribution of seismic events in the study area, we found that previous earthquakes predominantly occurred in the transition zones between high and low anomaly regions and in the low-velocity and low-density zones in the upper crust. In contrast, moderate-to-strong earthquakes mainly occurred within the transition zones between high and low anomaly regions and close to the high-velocity and high-density regions, often with low-velocity and low-density layers below their hypocenters. Fluids play a critical role in the seismogenic process by reducing fault strength and destabilizing the stress state, which may be a triggering factor for earthquakes in the study area. Additionally, the upwelling of molten materials from the mantle may lead to energy accumulation and stress concentration, providing an important seismogenic background for moderate-to-strong earthquakes in this area. 相似文献
10.
本文介绍一个把小波多尺度分析、表面刻痕分析以及位场频率域解释理论和反演方法结合起来的数据处理、反演解释和信息提取的方法系统.这一方法系统简称为区域重力场多尺度刻痕分析方法,应用于刻画地壳分层的三维密度结构、地壳变形带分布和构造单元分区.多尺度刻痕分析包含频率域重力场场源分层、重力场小波变换多尺度分解、场源分层深度及密度扰动反演、分层刻痕分析和构造边界定位四个子系统.文中扼要地介绍这四个子系统基本原理、方法技术及应用效果.从地球物理探测到大地构造学发现,是一个多学科综合研究的探索过程.要取得重大研究成果,必须研发和组合来自不同学科的多个新方法技术,使多学科综合研究有宽厚的理论支撑.本文介绍的四个子系统组合的理论支撑分别来自应用数学、地球物理学和信息科学. 相似文献
11.
日本俯冲带与IBM俯冲带位于太平洋板块、菲律宾海板块和欧亚板块三者的交汇地带,是典型的"俯冲工厂"地区,具有重要的研究意义.本文利用震源分布资料与卫星重力数据对日本俯冲带与IBM俯冲带进行了研究.通过空间重力异常反映了俯冲带地区的区域构造形态,在此基础上基于艾利模式计算了均衡异常以反映地壳均衡特征.利用震源分布资料,分别从垂直俯冲带走向与沿俯冲带走向划定了横截剖面(cross-sections)进行了地震提取,讨论了俯冲带地区的Wadati-Benioff带形态特征,并借助于俯冲带地震等深线图直观描述了俯冲带的俯冲形态.在日本俯冲带与伊豆—小笠原俯冲带各选取了一条典型剖面进行了重力2.5D反演,研究了俯冲带地区的壳幔结构特征.研究结果表明,九州—帕劳海脊与IBM岛弧在均衡异常上存在差异,前者已逐渐趋向于地壳均衡.IBM的Wadati-Benioff带存在明显的南北差异,反映出伊豆—小笠原俯冲板片停留在了660km转换带中,而马里亚纳俯冲板片很可能垂直穿过了这一转换带,造成这种南北差异的原因与板块相对运动、岩石圈黏性和年龄差异以及俯冲板片的重力效应等因素有关.在IBM的中部和南部存在板片撕裂现象.日本俯冲带的俯冲洋壳密度随俯冲深度变化较小,洋幔存在一定程度的蛇纹岩化,地幔楔蛇纹岩化作用不典型,海沟处有一范围较小的含水畸变带;伊豆—小笠原俯冲带俯冲洋壳密度随深度增大而明显增大,洋幔蛇纹岩化程度较日本俯冲带低,地幔楔蛇纹岩化作用强烈,板块交汇处存在明显的蛇纹岩底辟.日本俯冲带与IBM俯冲带一线自北向南板片俯冲变陡,两侧板块耦合度降低,与俯冲带两侧的板块运动速率差异有关. 相似文献
12.
攀西地区位于峨眉山大火成岩省中西部,构造和岩浆特征显著,地震活动强烈.通过对野外重力测量得到的云县—会东和普洱—七甸两条剖面的高精度重力观测数据进行处理和分析,构建了沿剖面的二维地壳密度结构,其中普洱—七甸剖面与孟连—马龙宽角地震剖面部分位置重合.同时结合区域重力异常特征及下地壳视密度填图结果,得到如下初步认识:红河断裂带是南北地震带南段地区重要的构造分界线,断裂带南北向密度结构和莫霍面分布形态存在较大差异,沿走向构造变化.云县—会东剖面上大姚—会东段下地壳底部存在密度较高的壳幔过渡层,结合研究区下地壳底部壳幔过渡层的密度分布特征,认为该过渡层不是攀西裂谷下的"裂谷垫",而是由岩浆底侵作用造成的. 相似文献
13.
A constrained 3D density model of the upper crust along a part of the Deccan Syneclise is carried out based on the complete Bouguer anomaly data. Spectral analysis of the complete Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the study region suggests two major sources: short wavelength anomalies (<100 km) caused primarily due to the density inhomogeneities at shallow crustal level and long wavelength anomalies (>100 km) produced due to the sources deeper than the upper crust. A residual map of the short wavelength anomalies is prepared from the complete Bouguer anomaly using Butterworth high‐pass filter (100 km cut‐off wavelength). Utilizing the constraints from deep resistivity sounding, magnetotellurics and deep seismic sounding studies, 2.5D density models have been generated along 39 profiles of this region. The mismatch between the calculated response of the a priori 2.5D model with the residual (short wavelength) gravity anomalies is minimized by introducing high‐density intrusive bodies (≥2.81 g/cm3) in the basement. With these 2.5D density models, the initial geometry of our 3D density model, which includes alluvium, Deccan trap, Mesozoic sediment and high‐density intrusive bodies in the basement up to a depth of 7 km (upper crust), is generated. In the final 3D model, Deccan trap extends from 200 m to nearly 1700 m below the 90–150 m thick Quaternary sediment. Further down, the sub‐trappean Mesozoic sediment is present at a depth range of 600–3000 m followed by the basement. The derived 3D density model also indicates six intrusive bodies of density 2.83 g/cm3 in the basement at an average depth of about 4–7 km that best fits the residual gravity anomaly of the study area. 相似文献
14.
A compiled gravity anomaly map of the Western Himalayan Syntaxis is analysed to understand the tectonics of the region around
the epicentre of Kashmir earthquake of October 8, 2005 (Mw = 7.6). Isostatic gravity anomalies and effective elastic thickness
(EET) of lithosphere are assessed from coherence analysis between Bouguer anomaly and topography. The isostatic residual gravity
high and gravity low correspond to the two main seismic zones in this region, viz. Indus–Kohistan Seismic Zone (IKSZ) and
Hindu Kush Seismic Zones (HKSZ), respectively, suggesting a connection between siesmicity and gravity anomalies. The gravity
high originates from the high-density thrusted rocks along the syntaxial bend of the Main Boundary Thrust and coincides with
the region of the crustal thrust earthquakes, including the Kashmir earthquake of 2005. The gravity low of HKSZ coincides
with the region of intermediate–deep-focus earthquakes, where crustal rocks are underthrusting with a higher speed to create
low density cold mantle. Comparable EET (∼55 km) to the focal depth of crustal earthquakes suggests that whole crust is seismogenic
and brittle. An integrated lithospheric model along a profile provides the crustal structure of the boundary zones with crustal
thickness of about 60 km under the Karakoram–Pamir regions and suggests continental subduction from either sides (Indian and
Eurasian) leading to a complex compressional environment for large earthquakes. 相似文献
15.
S. T. Balesta A. I. Farberov V. S. Smirnov A. A. Tarakanovsky M. I. Zubin 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1977,40(4):260-266
Crustal structure in a number of Kamchatka volcanic regions is deduced from geophysical data. Anomalous structure and physical properties of the crust are found beneath some volcanic groups. Beneath the Klyuchevskaya and Avachinskaya volcanic groups crustal layers have high elastic properties. There is a thick transition layer from the crust to the upper mantle which has lower clastic properties and electrical resistance. These data, supported by experimental investigations of elastic properties of xenoliths in volcanic rocks at high pressures and temperatures, enable the probable substance composition of the crustal layers to be defined. The feeding zones and magma chambers of individual volcanoes are deduced from anomalies in gravity, electrical conductivity and seismic wave propagation. 相似文献
16.
江淮地区布格重力异常与中强地震发生的构造环境分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对布格重力异常等值线的离散化、梯度计算和粗化处理，生成江淮地区布格重力异常梯度分级图。布格重力异常高梯度区与中强地震的空间分布有很好的一致性，与低梯度分布区的弱地震活动性形成鲜明的对比。同时，布格重力异常高梯度区的分布具有线性展布特点，可以划分出两组布格重力异常梯级带，一组走向北东，另一组走向北西西。同方向的条带具有相互平行、间距近似相等的特点，不同方向的构造带相互交切，形成一幅网络状图象。沿着这些梯级带存在断裂构造，它们在晚第三纪至第四纪早期有过构造运动，但晚更新世以来活动不明显。在江淮地区，布格重力异常梯级带、晚第三纪至早第四纪活动断裂和中强地震在空间有比较明显的对应关系。因此，在现今构造活动不太强烈的地区，布格重力异常梯级带可以认为是划分中强地震潜在震源区的一个重要标志。 相似文献
17.
Satellite gravimetry is a powerful and reliable tool for regional tectono-geodynamic zonation. The studied region contains intricate geodynamical features (high seismological indicators, active rift systems and collision processes), richest structural arrangement (existence of mosaic blocks of oceanic and continental Earth’s crust of various age), and a number of high-amplitude gravity anomalies and complex magnetic pattern. The most hydrocarbon reserves of the world and other important economic deposits occur in this region. Comprehensive analysis of satellite gravity data with application of different approaches was used to develop a sequence of maps specifying crucial properties of the region deep structure. Careful examination of numerous geological sources and their combined examination with satellite gravity (main), magnetic, GPS, seismic, seismological and some other geophysical data enabled to develop a new tectonic map of the Arabian–African region. Integrated analysis of series of gravity map transformations and certain geological indicators allowed to reveal significant geodynamic features of the region. 相似文献
18.
The Sinai Peninsula has attracted the attention of many geological and geophysical studies as it is influenced and bounded by major tectonic events. Those are (1) the Mesozoic to Early Cenozoic tectonically active opening of the Tethys, (2) the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary (Laramide) Syrian arc system, due to closing of the Tethys (3) the Oligo-Miocene Gulf of Suez rifted basin, and (4) the Late Miocene to Recent transform Dead Sea–Gulf of Aqaba rift. Additionally, the shear zones inside Sinai such as the Ragabet El-Naam and Minsherah-Abu Kandu Shear Zones. Each of these major tectonic events has affected dramatically the structure evolution of the northern Sinai area. The present paper estimates the 3D density contrast model using the gravity data of northern Sinai. The estimated 3D density contrast model elucidated the peculiarities of the main structural elements in the region. The estimated 3D density contrast model showed the high and low gravity anomalies that form the main mountains and main valleys in northern Sinai. The estimated low density zones are in agreement with the inferred faults resulting from the first horizontal derivative. Comparing the 3D model with the tectonic history of the region and the results of the first horizontal derivative and least square separation increased the reliability of the model. 相似文献
19.
Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region, located in the east margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetean) Plateau, is a transitional zone between the rapidly upheaving Tibetean Plateau and relatively steady Yangtze Platform. Under the pressure exerted by the northward movement of Indian Plate, Sichuan-Yunnan region has been undergone strong deformation and regmagenesis, becoming one of the regions with the most intensive seismicity in the world. The research on the tectonics and seismicity there is alw… 相似文献
20.
基于绝对和相对重力观测获得的区域重力场时、空动态变化,结合区域GPS测量资料与活动构造分析,本文研究了华北中部地区2009-2011年的重力场变化特征,讨论了该区域重力场动态变化的强震危险含义.结果主要表明:(1)华北中部的活动地块边界及部分重要活动断裂带两侧存在较大差异的重力场空间变化;其中,以山西断陷带北东段所在的晋冀蒙交界地区为中心,形成较大面积的重力负值变化区,且沿该区西北缘的NE向岱海-黄旗海断裂带以及东南缘的NNE向太行山山前断裂带附近分别形成重力变化的高梯度带,可能反映这些部位近年的构造或断裂活动显著.(2)不同时段的重力场差分动态演化图像可能反映了近年山西断陷带北东段(京西北盆-岭构造区)及其附近的重力场整体经历了"准均匀→非均匀→断陷带北段侧向显著变化→局部"硬化"的演化过程.(3)研究区重力场的时间累积变化图像可用"区域应力场增强→区域断裂与断块差异运动及变形增强→局部运动受阻"的过程进行解释.(4)研究区的一些重力异常部位存在中-长期强震危险背景. 相似文献