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1.
针对反倾层状岩质斜坡倾倒变形折断面空间展布缺乏定量判断的问题,以地质原型和变形机制分析为基础,考虑岩层自重、上覆岩层盖重、侧向压力、岩层间的摩擦力等作用,提出了岩板倾倒折断的独立悬臂梁模型和独立简支梁模型。采用板梁的最大拉应力破坏准则,推导出了倾倒变形各阶段岩层的临界折断深度公式。利用地质原型对推导的公式进行了验证,并通过离心试验获取了倾倒变形各阶段的坡形参数,对边坡各阶段折断深度进行了定量评价。研究表明：理论模型可计算倾倒变形层间剪切错动、弱倾倒破坏、强倾倒破坏等各阶段岩层的折断长度;岩层折断长度与岩层分布高程、拉应力、岩梁自身重度呈负相关,与岩层内摩擦角、岩层厚度、抗拉强度呈正相关;根据倾倒变形各阶段力学参数,计算倾倒体各级折断面分布位置,结果与地质原型和离心试验结果吻合。该研究成果对倾倒变形边坡稳定性评价具有一定的理论和实际意义。 相似文献
2.
D. P. Adhikary A. V. Dyskin R. J. Jewell D. P. Stewart 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1997,30(2):75-93
Summary The mechanism of flexural toppling failure of jointed rock slopes has been investigated through a series of centrifuge experiments conducted on models manufactured from two types of materials (brittle: a sand-gypsum mixture; and ductile: fibre-cement sheeting). The basal failure plane observed in the centrifuge models, has been found to emanate from the toe of the slope, and orient at an angle of 12 to 20° upward from the normal to the discontinuities. A theoretical model based on a limiting equilibrium approach (Aydan and Kawamoto, 1992) has been adopted to analyse the centrifuge test data. After calibration, the model was found to accurately predict the failure load for all the tests reported in this study. Using this model, a set of charts has been prepared to assist with the analysis of slopes susceptible to flexural toppling. 相似文献
3.
Mehdi Amini Abbas Majdi Mohammad Amin Veshadi 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2012,45(4):519-532
Block-flexure is the most common type of toppling failure in rock slopes. In this case, some rock blocks fail due to tensile bending stresses and some overturn under their own weights. In this paper, first, a literature review of toppling failures is summarized. Then, a theoretical model is proposed for rock slopes with a potential for block-flexure toppling instability. Next, a new analytical approach is presented for the stability analysis of such slopes. Finally, a special computer code is developed for a quick stability assessment of the failures based on the proposed method. This code receives the rock slope parameters from the user as the input data and predicts its stability, along with the corresponding factor of safety against the failure, as the output. In addition, two case studies are used for practical verification of the proposed approach and the corresponding computer code as well. 相似文献
4.
次生倾倒破坏是层状反倾岩质边坡的一种主要破坏模式,极限平衡理论是分析倾倒破坏的常用方法,研究反倾节理岩质边坡次生倾倒破坏机理对边坡工程众多的西南山区基础设施建设具有重要的工程指导意义。在Goodman和Bray块体倾倒破坏极限平衡分析方法的基础上,建立了考虑地下水压力、节理连通率、岩体黏聚力等影响因素的反倾岩质边坡在坡后土体推力作用下的次生倾倒地质力学模型,提出了坡后土体推力作用下的反倾节理岩质边坡次生倾倒破坏的解析分析方法,推导出了边坡各岩层下推力的解析表达式,提出了边坡倾倒破坏的综合安全系数,并编写了对应的matlab计算程序,为该类边坡的设计和加固提供了理论依据。通过算例分析表明,与单纯岩质边坡块体倾倒破坏相比,该类边坡次生倾倒破坏形式的特点是破坏基准面以上岩层自上而下依次分为滑移区、倾倒区和稳定区3个部分;地下水压力、节理连通率、底裂面岩体黏聚力对各岩层的破坏形式、稳定安全系数大小都具有明显影响,尤其是在坡体中下部及坡脚部分最为敏感;而各岩层稳定安全系数最小的区域集中于边坡中上部。 相似文献
5.
In this study, two types of small-scale physical modeling tests have considered the impact of the infiltration of rainfall and groundwater level in order to investigate the processes involved in rock slope deformation and failure. The study conducted the physical tests under controlled conditions of groundwater level with rock block shape for two rock slope types (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes). Observations obtained during each stage of deformation and failure were used to explain how gravity deformation varies with groundwater conditions on cataclinal and anaclinal slopes, and infer how rainfall and groundwater influence slope failure. Our results indicate that groundwater level is a crucial factor in the deformation failure of slopes. The failure mechanisms of cataclinal slopes differ considerably from those of anaclinal slopes. The infiltration of surface water and groundwater can have a significant influence on rock layer deformation and the speed of failure. Different shapes of rock block have two toppling types of rock slope, the spherical rock model relatively close to flexural toppling type and the triangular rock model relatively similar to block flexural toppling type, respectively. Details of the failure characteristics of cataclinal and anaclinal slope models are discussed in this paper. 相似文献
6.
层状岩石边坡倾倒破坏过程的数值流形方法模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
层状岩石边坡的倾倒破坏是岩石边坡失稳破坏的主要形式之一。本文利用数值流形方法对一层状岩石边坡的倾倒破坏过程进行了模拟。模拟结果表明：在不考虑块体间粘结力的情况下，块体间的摩擦角决定着岩石边坡的稳定性。随着摩擦角的增加，块体间的摩擦系数增大，岩石边坡的稳定性增强，并出现相应的滑动区、倾倒区和稳定区。模拟结果与相应的理论预测结果相吻合。 相似文献
7.
反倾层状岩质边坡的倾倒破坏是一种常见的地质灾害。为探究开挖条件下反倾层状岩质边坡的倾倒破坏机制以及层间剪切强度、岩层厚度因素对破坏特征的影响,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立黏聚力裂缝模型（Cohesive Crack Model,CCM）,基于连续-离散方法,经参数标定和对比,建立反倾层状岩质边坡CCM,采用开挖并增重的方式诱发边坡倾倒破坏。数值模拟结果与古水水电站坝前倾倒变形体离心模型试验结果基本一致,验证了CCM的正确性。进一步,基于以上参数及模型,研究了反倾层状岩质边坡的破坏演化过程和应力分布特征,并探讨层间剪切强度对边坡倾倒破坏特征的影响。结果表明:坡体前缘首先发生局部折断,后缘出现明显拉裂缝,反倾岩层由下往上依次折断直至倾倒体中部（一级破裂面）。随后,坡体前缘的表层岩层被挤出,形成二级破裂面,最后一级破裂面扩展至坡体后缘,形成连通宏观的破裂面。最后,二级破裂面扩展至坡体中部,边坡完全倾倒破坏;破裂面基本沿层间法向应力峰值位置连线发育;层间剪切强度对边坡倾倒破坏特征具有显著的影响,随着层间剪切强度的增大,岩层初始折断位置逐渐降低,垮塌范围逐渐减小,破裂面倾角增大;坡体层厚越大,一级破裂面分布越深,垮塌区范围越大,坡体滑动的整体性越强。研究成果可为反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏的分析和监测提供有效计算方法及依据,为此类滑坡灾害的防治提供一定参考。 相似文献
8.
福建省高速公路边坡病害类型分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为解决边坡防护加固设计依据不足的问题,本文结合福建省高速公路路堑边坡工程实践,归纳了风化剥落、流石流泥、掉块落石、溜坍、坍塌、崩塌、倾倒、错落和滑坡等9大类路堑边坡常见病害类型,并对各病害类型的变形破坏特点进行分析：路堑边坡小规模变形破坏在富水土体中以流、溜、坍运动模式为主,在风化岩石中以剥、落运动模式为主;大规模变形破坏则受控于岩土体中结构面的空间位置及其组合形式,反倾岩层易产生＂倒＂,节理岩体易产生＂崩＂,残存结构面的软弱岩土体易形成＂塌＂,存在陡倾结构面和软弱坡脚的岩土体易形成＂错＂,以及沿特定软弱面做整体水平运动的＂滑＂等多种运动模式。 相似文献
9.
小湾水电站饮水沟大规模倾倒破坏现象的工程地质研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
倾倒破坏是陡倾层状岩体一类主要的变形破坏形式,一般发育于地表临空面附近的坡体浅部。根据文献资料,前人研究的倾倒破坏体能保持其完整形态者规模并不大。小湾水电站左岸坝前高边坡由于其特殊地形地貌及其岩体结构条件,使得如此大规模的倾倒变形体能保持其完整形态至今。由于倾倒变形体紧邻大坝且地势较高,一旦失稳,将给小湾水电站的建设造成不可估量的损失。查明倾倒破坏堆积体规模及其岩体结构特征,为倾倒堆积体边坡支护方案选择及稳定性评价参数选取提供依据。更重要的是,揭示这类大规模的倾倒破坏表现特征及其形成条件,对认识复杂条件下岩石高边坡的变形破坏机理具有一定指导意义。本文通过细致的野外调查,揭示了一类发育深度较大的大规模倾倒变形破坏。通过对边坡的详细描述与记录,阐明了这类变形破坏发育的特征和空间展布,并对其形成机制作了简要的分析。 相似文献
10.
我国西部山区建设揭露了众多大型弯曲倾倒变形体,它们多具有软硬互层结构。为进一步探明软硬互层反倾岩质边坡的变形破坏规律,本研究融合大型土工离心机试验与自开发的可以综合考虑节理面拉剪和压剪破坏的Hoek-Brown与Mohr-Coulomb联合强度准则,对此类边坡进行试验与数值模拟分析。首先,结合监测点位移和应力曲线对边坡的变形破坏过程进行详述并验证了所提出的强度准则及所建立的数值模型的正确性;然后,基于此数值模型研究不同几何因素对此类边坡倾倒破坏特征的影响。结果表明:（1）节理单元采用Hoek-Brown与Mohr-Coulomb联合强度准则可以较准确地模拟软硬互层反倾边坡的层间错动以及岩层弯折;（2）此类坡体倾倒变形破坏全过程为:层间先出现相互错动,然后边坡自坡脚部位开始出现弯曲变形,随后坡体后缘出现拉张裂缝,与此同时边坡整体向临空面弯曲倾倒,最终形成2个或3个破坏面;（3）随着岩层倾角的增大,边坡一级破坏面逐渐向坡体深处发展;（4）随着硬/软岩层厚比的减小,坡顶竖向位移变小,且坡体滑动的整体性逐渐增强;（5）随着软/硬岩层厚比的增加,坡体破坏面逐渐由粗糙的“锯齿状”向平滑的“圆弧状”过渡。 相似文献
11.
A. Malarvizhi Achyuthan Hema D. Gobichandhru 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(3):317-322
Occurrences of landslide are most common and critical issue in North-East India. The various types of slope failures have been affected most part of slopes and road section between Malidor to Sonapur area (approx 30 Km) along NH-44 within Jaintia hills district, Meghalaya, India. These slope failures causes considerable loss of life and property along with many inconveniences such as disruption of traffic along highways. The unscientific excavations of rock slopes for road widening or construction purposes may weaken the stability of the slopes. The rocks exposed in the area are highly jointed sandstone and shale of Barail Group of Oligocene age. The Sonapur landslide is most dangerous and destructive rock fall-cum debris flow. The present study includes the kinematic analysis of the slope to assess the potential failure directions as the rocks are highly jointed in some parts of road cut sections. The continuous slope mass rating (CSMR) technique has been applied for slope stability analysis at five vulnerable locations. Kinematic analysis indicates mainly wedge type of failure along with few toppling and planar failures. These failure required immediate treatment to prevent the slide and long term stability of the slope. 相似文献
12.
Influence of discontinuities and clay minerals in their filling materials on the instability of rock slopes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Davood Fereidooni 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2018,13(1):11-21
To assess the influence of discontinuities and clay minerals in their filling materials on the instability of rock slopes, seven rock slopes along the margin of Ganjnameh–Shahrestaneh Road, Hamedan Province, Western Iran were selected, and the physical and mechanical properties of their rocks and discontinuities were determined. By statistical studies of the discontinuities, rock slope stability analysis has been performed using kinematic and limit equilibrium methods so that safety factors for the rock slopes can be calculated. Also, sampling of filling materials and X-ray diffraction tests have been done to identify the clay minerals in the filling materials. The lithologies of the studied rock slopes are granite, diorite and hornfels. The presence of discontinuities and weakness planes with different orientations and clay minerals in filling materials of discontinuities are effective factors that cause plane, wedge and toppling failures in the rock slopes. Clay minerals as filling materials of discontinuities in the studied rock slope facilitate their instability by two different methods. First, absorption of water by infilling clay minerals causes the friction angle of discontinuity surfaces that leads to plane and wedge failures to be reduced. Second, water absorption causes the swelling of clay infilling minerals that leads to toppling failure. 相似文献
13.
Kripamoy Sarkar Ashok Kumar Singh Anurag Niyogi Prasanta Kumar Behera A. K. Verma T. N. Singh 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(3):387-393
The present paper demonstrates the assessment of slope stability analysis between Rampur to Jhakri road section along National Highway (NH-22), Himachal Pradesh, India. The different types of slope failures have affected most part of slopes which causes considerable loss of life and property, inconveniences such as disruption of traffic along highways. The poorly designed rock slopes for road widening or construction purposes may weaken the stability of the slopes. A detail field investigation has been carried out to collect the representative rock samples for determination of physico-mechanical properties of rock and joint data for kinematic analysis. The rocks exposed in the area are highly jointed quartzite and quartz-mica schist of Rampur-Larji Group of Palaeoproterozoic age. The continuous slope mass rating (CSMR) technique has been applied for the assessment of slope stability analysis at five vulnerable locations and the results shows slopes are partially stable to unstable. Kinematic analysis mainly shows wedge type of failure along with few toppling and planar failures. The existing slope required immediate treatment to prevent the failure for its long term stability. 相似文献
14.
在岩质边坡滑动-倾倒组合破坏地质力学模型的基础上,采用改进的传递系数法,提出了岩质边坡滑动-倾倒组合破坏的解析分析方法,并对初始下滑推力及岩块底部的凝聚力进行敏感性分析。与传递系数法相似,将边坡体几何力学参数及潜在倾倒岩块编号作为变量,使得每个倾倒岩块的稳定性分析具有统一的表达式,并易于采用Microsoft excel进行程序化分析。分析结果表明：岩块底面的凝聚力对下部潜在倾倒区域的破坏模式影响较大,随着岩块底面凝聚力的增加,潜在倾倒区域发生倾倒破坏的块体呈逐渐增加的趋势,而发生滑动破坏的块体则明显较少,岩块底面倾角对坡体整体稳定性影响较大;随着岩块底面倾角的增大,整个坡体的稳定性逐渐降低。 相似文献
15.
Flexural toppling is a mode of failure that may occur in a wide range of layered rock strata in both rock slopes and large
underground excavations. Whenever rock mass is composed of a set of parallel discontinuities dipping steeply against the excavated
face plane, the rock mass will have the potential of flexural toppling failure as well. In such cases, the rock mass behaves
like inclined superimposed cantilever beams that bend under their own weight while transferring the load to the underlying
strata. If the bending stress exceeds the rock column’s tensile strength, flexural toppling failure will be initiated. Since
the rock columns are “statically indeterminate,” thus, their factors of safety may not be determined solely by equations of
equilibrium. The paper describes an analytical model with a sequence of inclined superimposed cantilever rock columns with
a potential of flexural topping failure. The model is based on the principle of compatibility equations and leads to a new
method by which the magnitudes and points of application of intercolumn forces are determined. On the basis of the proposed
model, a safety factor for each rock column can be computed independently. Hence, every rock column will have a unique factor
of safety. The least factor of safety that exists in any rock column is selected as the rock mass representative safety factor
based on which simple equations are proposed for a conservative rock mass stability analysis and design. As a result, some
new relations are established in order to design the length, cross-sectional area and pattern of fully grouted rock bolts
for the stabilisation of such rock mass. Finally, the newly proposed equations are compared with the results of existing experimental
flexural toppling failure models (base friction and centrifuge tests) for further verification. 相似文献
16.
多层软弱夹层边坡岩体破坏机制与稳定性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大量的实际工程为基础,基于Sarma极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法探讨层状岩质边坡在不同岩层倾角θ、边坡坡角β、结构面间距h条件下的安全系数与破坏面位置的变化规律,揭示复杂多层软弱夹层边坡岩体的破坏机制及稳定性特征。结果表明：不同θ条件下边坡岩体失稳机制和破坏面位置不同,随着θ的增大,破坏机制表现为滑移破坏→滑劈破坏→崩塌破坏→倾倒破坏→滑移破坏;当β、h一定时,直立层状边坡的稳定性略大于水平层状边坡,反倾向边坡的稳定性明显大于顺层边坡;β直接影响边坡岩体破坏特征,当β由30°增大至60°时,顺层边坡的安全系数约降低53%;反倾向层状边坡的安全系数约降低40%;h对边坡岩体破坏机制的影响较小,但对稳定性的影响较大,建议工程实践中加强密集结构面岩质边坡的监测和加固工作。 相似文献
17.
陡倾煤层开采条件下上覆山体变形破坏物理模型试验研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
大型岩质滑坡是中国西南岩溶矿区的主要地质灾害类型,其破坏和成灾过程具有复合性。以我国重庆武隆鸡冠岭滑坡为例,通过离心物理模型试验研究了地下开采条件下陡倾灰岩斜坡的变形失稳机制。试验时随着煤层模型板被拔出,上覆岩层在拟重力作用下开始出现位移与层间错动,当煤层模型被拔出150 mm时,模型山体发生显著破坏。试验结果表明:陡倾灰岩斜坡在长期重力作用下,会出现弯曲倾倒的变形,随着地下煤层逐渐采空,上覆陡倾层状岩体失去支撑,岩层层面分离并产生拉张裂缝,岩体变形加剧发生倾倒破坏,并对煤层下部的稳定岩体形成挤压,下伏稳定岩体发生剪切破坏,最终导致鸡冠岭以倾倒-滑移的复合模式整体失稳。这一研究对中国西南山区大型岩质滑坡的早期识别与失稳机制分析具有指导意义。 相似文献
18.
Although most cut slopes in Ohio consist of inter-layered, sub-horizontal units of hard and soft sedimentary rocks (sandstone, limestone, dolostone, shale, claystone, mudstone), slopes consisting of relatively thick hard rock units are not uncommon. Design of stable cut slopes in hard rock units needs to consider rock mass strength and orientation of discontinuities with respect to slope face. Results of kinematic stability analyses show that hard-rock cut slopes are less likely to have conventional plane and wedge failures, caused by unfavorable orientation of discontinuities. The main cause of failure is identified to be the undercutting-induced toppling, which is not amenable to traditional kinematic or rock mass strength-based analyses. Therefore, to recommend a suitable slope angle, numerical models, using UDEC software, were employed to study how various slope angles affect the process of undercutting-induced toppling failures. The UDEC models showed a slope angle of 45° (1H:1 V) to be the most stable angle. However, a 63° (0.5H:1 V) slope angle can significantly reduce the potential for such failures and is therefore more appropriate than the widely used angle of 76° (0.25H:1 V). 相似文献
19.
以甲西倾倒体为典型实例,从赋存环境、发育特征、形成条件等基础层面上分析雅砻江上游互层斜坡倾倒变形破坏机制及演化过程。研究表明:区内大型倾倒体是斜坡岩体在叠加有残余构造应力的自重应力场中长期演化的产物,软硬相间的岩性组合、陡倾内的岸坡结构,加之垂直层面密集节理的切割是斜坡发生倾倒变形的控制性因素;斜坡倾倒是受节理面和层面控制的复合倾倒模式,即:硬岩发生块状-弯曲倾倒,而软岩发生弯曲倾倒;受河谷演化控制,斜坡变形破坏主要经历了4个演化阶段:卸荷回弹陡倾面拉裂阶段,初始变形阶段,板梁根部折断、剪切面贯通阶段以及破坏阶段,并最终转化为蠕滑-拉裂模式形成滑坡。该滑动面受倾向坡外破裂面控制,而并非沿最大弯折带发育。 相似文献
20.
反倾层状岩质边坡悬臂梁极限平衡模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于悬臂梁理论和运用极限平衡法研究反倾层状岩质边坡变形破坏是一种既注重变形过程又注重力学分析的可行方法。在国内外研究现状基础上,研究悬臂梁极限平衡分析模型。首先通过野外现象的观测,提出能对反倾层状边坡变形几何空间条件进行分区的“基准面”的概念,再利用“基准面”分析岩层分区破坏模式的力学机制,认为破坏面的形成机制是弯曲拉裂和压缩剪切的共同作用结果,对悬臂梁极限平衡分析模型中的各参数确定给出假设或理论分析,建立了计算模型。以重庆市巫溪县中梁水库硝洞槽-郑家大沟库段反倾岸坡为例,在边坡变形破坏模式识别基础上,应用悬臂梁极限平衡模型理论分析实例,验证该模型的合理性,同时也给出反倾层状边坡悬臂梁极限平衡模型计算步骤,用数值模拟方法验证该分析模型的正确性。模型计算结果表明,破坏区大体分为滑移区、倾倒区和倾倒变形影响区,破坏区大小由坡角、岩层倾角、坡高共同决定,当三者关系（见式（13））大于0时,才存在破坏区,才有可能发生变形破坏。研究成果对反倾层状岩质边坡稳定性评价与防治具有理论指导意义和应用价值。 相似文献