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1.
The results of application of the trial source method for the analysis of data obtained using a VHE gamma-ray telescope with an imaging camera are presented. This method was proposed by the Whipple Collaboration in 1991. The usage of this method gives us the possibility of the more accurate determination of the direction to the source. In consequence, more accurate definition of the source direction helps us to make more confident identification of the VHE gamma-ray source and to find more accurate value of the gamma-ray flux.The three-dimensional histograms show that the position of an off-axis source is shifted towards the camera edge and the height of the peak (i.e.the efficiency of the detection) decreases in this case.The calculated histograms obtained for the case of a bright star in the camera field of view show that a spurious source appears in the direction of the star. The trial source method gives us the possibility of distinguishing the real gamma-ray source from a spurious one.  相似文献   

2.
The present contribution investigates the applicability of the associated initial condition sets generated by the algorithmic definition of the weak stability boundary in the lunar sphere of influence in the context of Earth-to-Moon low-energy capture transfers. First, we test the applicability of the initial condition sets in view of two mission strategies, namely, direct inner transfers in the Planar Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem and external transfers based in the Patched Three-Body approach. Then, we check the consistency of the stability classification regarding the selection of captured solutions, identifying the stable subsets which provide temporary capture solutions. Additionally, we show the diversity of behaviors classified as stable by the current stability criteria of the algorithmic definition, which indicates that the algorithmic criteria must be reviewed in order to guarantee that the stable solutions correspond solely to low-energy capture orbits. The combination of our analyses allows the detection of the subsets of stable initial conditions that provide feasible Earth-to-Moon transfer solutions. Specifically, we show an external low-energy Earth- to-Moon transfer with zero midcourse correction at the patching section.  相似文献   

3.
采用直接数字频率合成（DDS）技术设计的Loran—C信号源,具有输出杂散多且难以预测的缺点。基于对DDS基本原理的研究分析,针对DDS输出信号存在的相位舍位杂散问题,对其关键部位的相位累加模块进行优化设计,并基于FPGA技术,在QuartusII环境下完成了对Loran．C信号源的实现与仿真验证。结果表明,通过优化的设计算法能够产生失真小,稳定度好的输出波形,从而验证了该方法抑制杂散的有效性与可行性。  相似文献   

4.
We developed a source detection algorithm based on the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST), that is a graph-theoretical method useful for finding clusters in a given set of points. This algorithm is applied to γ-ray bi-dimensional images where the points correspond to the arrival direction of photons, and the possible sources are associated with the regions where they clusterize. Some filters to select these clusters and to reduce the spurious detections are introduced. An empirical study of the statistical properties of MST on random fields is carried out in order to derive some criteria to estimate the best filter values. We also introduce two parameters useful to verify the goodness of candidate sources. To show how the MST algorithm works in practice, we present an application to an EGRET observation of the Virgo field, at high Galactic latitude and with a low and rather uniform background, in which several sources are detected.  相似文献   

5.
The increasing power of computers makes it possible to model the non-linear interaction between magnetic fields and convection at the surfaces of solar-type stars in ever greater detail. We present the results of idealized numerical experiments on two-dimensional magnetoconvection in a fully compressible perfect gas. We first vary the aspect ratio λ of the computational box and show that the system runs through a sequence of convective patterns, and that it is only for a sufficiently wide box (λ ≥ 6) that the flow becomes insensitive to further increases in λ. Next, setting λ = 6, we decrease the field strength from a value strong enough to halt convection and find transitions to small-scale steady convection, next to spatially modulated oscillations (first periodic, then chaotic) and then to a new regime of flux separation, with regions of strong field (where convection is almost completely suppressed) separated by broad convective plumes. We also explore the effects of altering the boundary conditions and show that this sequence of transitions is robust. Finally, we relate these model calculations to recent high-resolution observations of solar magnetoconvection, in plage regions as well as in light bridges and the umbrae of sunspots.  相似文献   

6.
We present a new cluster detection algorithm designed for finding high-redshift clusters using optical/infrared imaging data. The algorithm has two main characteristics. First, it utilizes each galaxy's full redshift probability function, instead of an estimate of the photometric redshift based on the peak of the probability function and an associated Gaussian error. Second, it identifies cluster candidates through cross-checking the results of two substantially different selection techniques (the name 2TecX representing the cross-check of the two techniques). These are adaptations of the Voronoi Tesselations and Friends-Of-Friends methods. Monte Carlo simulations of mock catalogues show that cross-checking the cluster candidates found by the two techniques significantly reduces the detection of spurious sources. Furthermore, we examine the selection effects and relative strengths and weaknesses of either method. The simulations also allow us to fine-tune the algorithm's parameters, and define completeness and mass limit as a function of redshift. We demonstrate that the algorithm isolates high-redshift clusters at a high level of efficiency and low contamination.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
We report the identification of 10 transitions that support the detection of the small cyclic molecule ethylene oxide (c-C2H4O) in Sgr B2N. Although one of these transitions is severely blended, so that an accurate intensity and line width could not be determined, and two other lines are only marginally detected, we have done Gaussian fits to the remaining seven lines and have performed a rotation diagram analysis. Our results indicate a rotation temperature T(rot) = 18 K and a molecular column density N(c-C2H4O) = 3.3 x 10(14) cm-2, corresponding to a fractional abundance relative to molecular hydrogen of order 6 x 10(-11). This is a factor of more than 200 higher than the abundance for this molecule suggested by the "new standard" chemistry model of Lee, Bettens, & Herbst. This result suggests that grain chemistry might play an effective role in the production of c-C2H4O. No transitions of this molecule were detected in either Sgr B2M or Sgr B2NW.  相似文献   

9.
From the literature,we construct a sample of 25 Seyfert 2 galaxies (S2s)with a broad line region (BLR) detected in near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and 29with NIR BLRs which were not detected. We find no significant difference between the nuclei luminosity (extinction-corrected [OIII] 5007) and infrared color f60/f25 between the two populations,suggesting that the non-detections of NIR BLRs could not be due to low AGN luminosity or contamination from the host galaxy. As expected,we find significantly lower X-ray obscurations in Seyfert 2s with NIR BLR detection,supporting the unification scheme. However,such a scheme was challenged by the detection of NIR BLRs in heavily X-ray obscured sources,especially in six of them with Compton-thick X-ray obscuration. The discrepancy could be solved by the clumpy torus model and we propose a toy model demonstrating that IR-thin Xray-thick S2s could be viewed at intermediate inclinations and compared with those IR-thick X-ray-thick S2s. We note that two of the IR-thin X-ray-thick S2s (NGC 1386 and NGC 7674) experienced X-ray transitions,i.e. from Compton-thin to Comptonthick appearance or vice versa based on previous X-ray observations,suggesting that X-ray transitions could be common in this special class of objects.  相似文献   

10.
This paper is devoted to clarify the algorithmic definition of the weak stability boundary in the framework of the planar Restricted Three Body Problem. The role of the invariant hyperbolic manifolds associated to the central manifolds of the libration points L 1 and L 2, as boundary of the weak stability region, is shown.  相似文献   

11.
We compute the weak stability boundary in the planar circular restricted three-body problem starting from the algorithmic definition, and its generalization by García and Gómez. In addition, we consider a new set of primaries, Sun–Jupiter, to replace the case of Earth–Moon considered in previous studies. Numerical enhancements are described and compared to previous methods. This includes defining the equations of motion in polar coordinates and a modified numerical scheme for the derivation of both stable sets and their boundaries. These enhancements decrease the computational time. New results are obtained by considering the Sun–Jupiter case which we compare to the Earth–Moon case.  相似文献   

12.
A recent suggestion that the extinction of starlight at wavelengths near 2200 Å may be due to small grains of magnesium oxide, rather than due to graphite, does not seem plausible. The potential ability of graphite to produce ultraviolet extinction is shown to be an order of magnitude greater than the extinction which MgO grains could produce under the most favourable assumptions concerning the effectiveness of O2? transitions.  相似文献   

13.
We present a mathematically rigorous proof that the r-mode spectrum of relativistic stars to the rotational lowest order has a continuous part. A rigorous definition of this spectrum is given in terms of the spectrum of a continuous linear operator. This study verifies earlier results by Kojima concerning the nature of the r-mode spectrum.  相似文献   

14.
We have analysed the efficiency in source detection and flux density estimation of blind and non-blind detection techniques exploiting the MHW2 filter applied to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) 5-yr maps. A comparison with the AT20G bright source sample, with a completeness limit of 0.5 Jy and accurate flux measurements at 20 GHz, close to the lowest frequency of WMAP maps, has allowed us to assess the completeness and the reliability of the samples detected with the two approaches, as well as the accuracy of flux and error estimates, and their variations across the sky. The uncertainties on flux estimates given by our procedure turned out to be about a factor of 2 lower than the rms differences with AT20G measurements, consistent with the smoothing of the fluctuation field yielded by map filtering. Flux estimates were found to be essentially unbiased except that, close to the detection limit, a substantial fraction of fluxes are found to be inflated by the contribution of underlying positive fluctuations. This is consistent with expectations for the Eddington bias associated to the true errors on flux density estimates. The blind and non-blind approaches are found to be complementary: each of them allows the detection of sources missed by the other. Combining results of the two methods on the WMAP 5-yr maps, we have expanded the non-blindly generated New Extragalactic WMAP Point Source (NEWPS) catalogue that was based on WMAP 3-yr maps. After having removed the probably spurious objects not identified with known radio sources, the new version of the NEWPS catalogue, NEWPS_5yr comprises 484 sources detected with a signal-to-noise ratio  SNR ≥ 5  .  相似文献   

15.
Previous works suggested that the state transitions in an X-ray binary can be triggered by accreting an inverse magnetic field from its companion star. A key point of this mechanism is the accretion and magnification of large-scale magnetic fields from the outer boundary of a thin disk. However, how such a process can be realized is still an open question. In this work, we check this issue in a realistic X-ray binary system. According to our calculations, a quite strong initial magnetic field, B~10~2- 10~3 G, is required in order to assure that the large-scale magnetic field can be effectively dragged inward and magnified with the accretion of gas. Thus, such a picture probably can be present in high-mass X-ray binaries possessing a strong stellar magnetic field, e.g., Cyg X-1.  相似文献   

16.
S.C. Werner  K.L. Tanaka 《Icarus》2011,215(2):603-607
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17.
The Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha SpectroPolarimeter is a sounding rocket instrument designed to measure for the first time the linear polarization of the hydrogen Lyman-\({\upalpha }\) line (121.6 nm). The instrument was successfully launched on 3 September 2015 and observations were conducted at the solar disc center and close to the limb during the five-minutes flight. In this article, the disc center observations are used to provide an in-flight calibration of the instrument spurious polarization. The derived in-flight spurious polarization is consistent with the spurious polarization levels determined during the pre-flight calibration and a statistical analysis of the polarization fluctuations from solar origin is conducted to ensure a 0.014% precision on the spurious polarization. The combination of the pre-flight and the in-flight polarization calibrations provides a complete picture of the instrument response matrix, and a proper error transfer method is used to confirm the achieved polarization accuracy. As a result, the unprecedented 0.1% polarization accuracy of the instrument in the vacuum ultraviolet is ensured by the polarization calibration.  相似文献   

18.
A new method to detect active features at the solar limb   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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19.
Previous studies have examined the effect of reduced Arctic sea ice cover on the circulation of climate models. Generally, the response is restricted to high northern latitudes. Here we examine a variant on those simulations, specifying both reduced Arctic sea ice cover and no Greenland ice sheet. The GENESIS general circulation model is used in these experiments. As in earlier studies, we find the effect limited primarily to the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, being greater in winter than in summer. New results reported herein involve: (1) in winter reduced Arctic ice cover has a significantly greater effect than reduced Greenland ice cover; (2) reduced ice cover had little effect on location of the winter freezing line over North America and Eurasia; (3) removal of ice caused a 30–50% increase in precipitation in high northern latitudes; however there were no significant effects elsewhere. This result does not support the hypothesis that past changes in Arctic ice cover were responsible for significant changes in area of tropical rainforests; (4) there is a peculiar surface pressure anomaly that extends into the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere. This anomaly may be a spurious artifact of the effect of the removed Greenland ice sheet on the spherical harmonic expansion terms in the model. These sensitivity experiments should serve as a useful frame of reference for future Pliocene simulations with a more complete set of altered boundary conditions.  相似文献   

20.
The analytical solutions are obtained for static envelopes at radiative equilibrium for power dependence of opacity on the temperature. The existence of an exact boundary is shown to lie between the regions of static radiative envelopes and stationary outflowing envelopes for which the asymptotic numerical solutions are foundIt is shown that convection makes the static envelope region broader and leads to the existence, for the same parameters, of outflowing and static convective envelopes — i.e., to double-valued solution. The approximate method is indicated for the definition of the boundary of the beginning of the outflow. It is pointed out that our results are, on the whole, applicable to the real cases of the dependence of opacity on the temperature and density.  相似文献   

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