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1.
冬小麦田咸水灌溉与土壤盐分调控试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用浅层咸水灌溉，可使浅层咸水分布区无效降水转化为有效水资源，缓解北方水资源紧缺的矛盾；通过王瞳试验场进行的咸水灌溉与土壤盐分调控试验表明，利用3g/L左右的微咸水连续灌溉5a，根层土壤溶液浓度未超过小麦的耐盐能力，且作物增产；多年盐分变化趋势为：1994－1997年1m深度内土壤总含盐量在一定范围内波动，总体变化不大，连续干旱的1997－1998年略呈上升趋势；麦秸覆盖和施有机肥能减少根层土壤盐分，对土壤盐分具有有利的调控作用，具有增产效果。 相似文献
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华北平原东部淡水资源短缺，旱涝碱成灾害限制了农业生产的可持续发展。海河的治理，解决了排洪排涝排咸出路。春季开发利用地下水包括微咸水和半咸水抗旱灌溉。夏季利用伏雨洗盐排咸，增大降雨入渗，减少径流流失，防治渍涝灾害，把降雨转化为地下水资源。秋冬引蓄河水，回灌地下水补源。以土壤与潜水的地层空间作为调节大气降水、土壤水、地下水、地表水的地下水库，以调控地下水埋深在临界动态为指标，最大限度地把时空分布不均的天然降雨转化为可持续利用的水资源。地表水地下水联合运用，促使水资源采补平衡，降雨灌溉淋洗脱盐强于干旱蒸发积盐过程，地下水淡化强于矿化过程。实现旱涝碱咸综合治理，水土资源可持续利用，经济社会可持续发展，生态环境良性循环。 相似文献
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ＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＡＮＤＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＳＡＬＩＮＥＷＡＴＥＲＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＨｅｉｌｏｎｇｇａｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎ,ａｓｅｍｉ－ａｒｉｄａｒｅａｗｉｔｈ５００－６００ｍｍａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ,ｌｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＥａ... 相似文献
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Tensiometer is one of the most popular and simple instrument for in situ and laboratory measurement of negative pressure or suction in soils. Such measurements in the top soil or root zone are useful for automated optimized irrigation scheduling for different vegetation. The top soil accommodates various salts/contaminants whose main source is storm water runoff, irrigation water and application of crop fertilizers. These salts accumulate in the soil due to evaporation. It is an established fact that tensiometer measures only soil matric suction with the help of a ceramic interface. It is believed that osmotic effect of salts present in the soil does not influence tensiometer measurements. However, there is no systematic experimental verification in the literature to understand the influence of salt laden soil on tensiometer measurements. It needs to be ascertained that the pore size of the tensiometer ceramic will not exhibit semi-permeable membrane characteristics leading to osmotic effect. Such verification is important as it would influence the irrigation scheduling of crops. It is also of interest to know whether the osmotic suction (due to the salts) would increase the water retention characteristics and hence the irrigation requirement. If so, then the tensiometer based irrigation scheduling would be an underestimate of the actual irrigation requirement of crops. To investigate these issues, the present study has performed controlled laboratory suction measurements using tensiometer in a locally available soil, contaminated with known concentration of inorganic salt solution. The total suction of the same salt laden soil has been measured using the WP4 dew point potentiameter technique. The results indicate negligible influence of salts present in the soil on tensiometer measurements. The study demonstrates the incapability of tensiometer to assess the osmotic component of salt present in the soil. This would result in the under prediction of water retention and hence irrigation requirement of the soil. 相似文献
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Effects of biochar, cow bone, and eggshell on Pb availability to maize in contaminated soil irrigated with saline water 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yaser A. Almaroai Adel R. A. Usman Mahtab Ahmad Deok Hyun Moon Ju-Sik Cho Young Kyoo Joo Choong Jeon Sang Soo Lee Yong Sik Ok 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1289-1296
Toxicity of heavy metals adversely affects environment and human health. Organic materials derived from natural matters or wastes have been applied to soils to reduce the mobility of contaminants such as heavy metals. However, the application of cow bone powder (CB), biochar (BC), and eggshell powder (ES) is rarely investigated for the reduction of Pb bioavailability in soils irrigated with saline water. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CB, BC, and ES additions as immobilizing substances on Pb bioavailability in shooting range soil irrigated with deionized and saline water. Each additive of CB, BC, and ES at 5 % (w/w) was mixed with soils and then the deionized and saline water were irrigated for 21 days. With deionized water irrigation, the soils treated with CB, BC, and ES exhibited higher pH when compared with saline water irrigation. With saline water irrigation, the electrical conductivity, water-soluble anions, and cations were significantly increased in soils treated with CB, BC, and ES. The water-soluble Pb in soils treated with CB, BC, and ES was significantly decreased with saline water irrigation. On the other hand, the water-soluble Pb in soil treated with CB was increased with deionized water irrigation. Only BC with saline water irrigation decreased the Pb concentration in maize shoots. 相似文献
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季冻区盐渍土冻胀病害影响工程质量。水分、密度及盐分的变化影响季冻土冻胀特性。以吉林省农安县旱地盐渍土为研究对象,通过室内冻胀实验讨论了含水率、压实度、含盐量对盐渍土冻胀规律的影响,分析起始冻胀含水率随盐分和压实度的变化规律。试验研究表明:较大的压实度和较高的含水率有利于冻胀。土体在较低含水率和较低压实度时发生冻缩,随着含水率和压实度的增大,冻缩量减小至零,随后发生冻胀,冻胀（缩）量与含水率基本呈线性关系。因此,存在起始冻胀含水率,该值随着压实度的增大而线性减小,随含盐量的增加而整体呈增大趋势。塑限与压实度对盐渍土起始冻胀含水率的影响可以拟合出相应线性公式,随着含盐量增加,该公式的系数整体呈增大趋势。在前人总结出的公式基础上增加压实度这一参数,为后续季冻区盐渍土的冻胀特性研究提供参考与理论依据。 相似文献
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盐渍化冻土-混凝土衬砌接触面直剪试验研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
土与结构接触面的研究一直以来是岩土工程研究的热点之一。为研究位山灌区渠系工程冻害破坏问题,开展了不同盐类型、不同含盐量、不同含水率条件下渠道下卧盐渍土-混凝土衬砌冻结接触面直剪试验研究。结果表明：冻结状态下接触面的应力-位移破坏性状呈脆性破坏,存在明显的峰值应力;剪切变形包括线性变形和非线性变形,线性变形随含水率和含盐量的增大而减小,非线性变形随含盐量的增大而增加;剪切模量随含水率的增加而提高;随含盐量的增加而降低;抗剪强度随含水率的增加而增大,随NaCl含盐量增加而降低,随Na2SO4含盐量增加先降低后升高;通过对变形能的分析发现,含水率w=14.7%和w=16.7%时具有相似特征,即NaCl含量为0.5%时,曲线存在极（最）小值。 相似文献
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地质学报 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):18-369
The arid area is one of the most concerned areas among the water resources researchers and economists. Northwest China will be an important developing region of China in the 21st century. Yaoba is a well-irrigation oasis within this arid area, which is located in the Alxa area west of the Helan Mountains and next to the Tengger desert in the east. It has contributed greatly to the local stock raising and agriculture since its development in 1970. However, the groundwater which the oasis depends on to survive has been getting salinized gradually and more serious in recent years.A comprehensive study was carried out using the methods of groundwater environment isotope analysis, lithofaci-es and palaeogeography, calculations of water-rock interaction and the existing form of chemical components in groundwater etc. It has been found that the salinization of groundwater is mainly caused by reinfiltration water solving the salt in soil which is deposited simultaneously with the sediments and accumulated in th 相似文献
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Sodium (Na+) in poor quality irrigation water participate in ion-exchange processes results in the displacement of base cations into
solution and a raised concentration in groundwater. Knowledge of the rate of decrease of nutrients from soils resulting from
poor water quality application is essential for long-term planning of crop production while minimizing the impact on groundwater
quality. In this study, we examined the effect of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of irrigation water on nutrients leaching
and groundwater quality in columns of sandy soil. Three types of irrigation waters at three NaCl–CaCl2 solutions with the following levels of SAR (5, 15, and 30) were synthesized in laboratory. With the application of solutions,
exchange occurred between solution Na+ and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+), resulting in the displacement of these cations and anions into solution. Increasing the level of SAR from 5 to 15 and 30
resulted in increase in the average exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the soil from 10.4 to 20.3, and 32.5, respectively.
Adverse effect of high Na+ concentration in the solutions on raising ESP was less pronounced in solution having low SAR. Leaching of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and P from soil with the application of solutions represents a significant loss of valuable nutrients. This sandy soil showed
the high risk for nutrients transfer into groundwater in concentrations exceeding the groundwater quality standard. Irrigation
with poor quality water, which is generally more sodic and saline than regional groundwater, increases the rate of sodification
and salinization of shallow groundwater. 相似文献
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在干旱、半干旱地区,水分是环境体系中最活跃的因素,植被对水分具有高度的依赖性,水分成为影响植物生存、生长发育的关键因素,对植被的稳定性生长与恢复重建具有极大的限制性。泾惠渠灌区位于陕西省关中平原中部,属大陆性半干旱气候区,该区降水时空分布不均,水资源短缺。从土壤水分的测试技术和土壤水分的动态变化研究方面进行综述,分析研究灌区2004～2007年四年土壤水分动态观测资料,得出研究区的土壤水分动态变化规律,同时简述水分有效性的研究进展,对提高农业干旱防御能力,制定节水灌溉计划,提高水分利用效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以江西省鄱阳湖流域农田生态系统中Se元素为研究对象,以大气干湿沉降、灌溉、施肥、喷施农药为输入途径,以农作物收割、地表径流以及Se升华为输出途径对Se的生物地球化学循环规律进行研究。结果表明,鄱阳湖流域Se元素的大气干湿沉降通量密度平均值为6.90g/(hm2.a),灌溉、施肥、喷施农药通量密度明显较低,它们对土壤Se元素的富集贡献率分别为77%、20%、1%和2%。Se通过升华输出通量密度相对较小,土壤Se年净增量主要受大气干湿沉降的制约。以20cm厚的耕作土体为研究介质,经估算,当前的Se年平均通量密度可引起土壤Se质量分数升高0.007mg/kg。20a后研究区富硒土壤将由目前5 960km2增加至6 672km2。研究中未考虑天降水下渗问题,这对中国南方土壤中元素的地球化学行为有非常重要的影响。 相似文献
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Effects of Activated Irrigation Water on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Crop Growth and Analysis of the Probable Pathway 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Quanjiu Wang Yan Sun Songrui Ning Jihong Zhang Beibei Zhou Lijun Su Yuyang Shan 《地球科学进展》2019,34(6):660-670
With the problem of shortage of water resources becoming increasingly prominent, the improvement of production efficiency of agricultural water resources in China has become an important research content of modern irrigated agriculture. The technology of activated irrigation water provides a new way to excavate the physiological production potential of irrigation water and improve the comprehensive efficacy of irrigation water in agro-ecosystems. In this study, the research progress of the variable characteristics of physicochemical properties of activated irrigation water, the transport and transformation of soil material by activated irrigation water, and the promotion of crop growth by activated irrigation water were comprehensively analyzed. On this basis, according to the basic theories of soil physics, crop physiology, and material transport dynamics, the effects of activated irrigation water on soil material transport, soil material transformation, water and nutrition uptake by root, and crop yield formation and the probable pathway were analyzed. The key problems of basic science and applied technology in the future research are put forward to provide reference for the scientific and reasonable utilization of activated irrigation water technology. 相似文献
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活化灌溉水对土壤理化性质和作物生长影响途径剖析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着水资源短缺问题日益突出,提高我国农业水资源生产效率成为现代灌溉农业的重要研究内容。活化灌溉水技术为挖掘灌溉水的生理生产潜力、提高灌溉水在农业生态系统中的综合功效,提供了新的途径。在综合分析国内外有关活化水理化性质变化特征、活化灌溉水对土壤物质传输与转化、活化灌溉水促进作物生长等方面研究进展的基础上,根据土壤物理、作物生理和物质传输动力学基本理论,剖析了活化灌溉水对土壤物质传输、土壤物质转化、根系吸水吸养、作物产量形成的可能影响途径,并提出了未来重点研究的基础科学和应用技术问题,为科学合理利用活化灌溉水技术提供参考。 相似文献
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A.M.D. van Rotterdam-Los S.P. Vriend M.J. van Bergen P.F.M. van Gaans 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008,96(1):53-68
Acid water from the Banyuputih river (pH 3.5) is used for the irrigation of agricultural land in the Asembagus coastal area (East Java, Indonesia), with harmful consequences for rice yields. The river water has an unusual composition which is caused by seepage from the acidic Kawah Ijen crater lake into the river. This unique irrigation setting allows the study of soil acidification in situ. This paper assesses the effects of volcanogenically contaminated irrigation water on the chemical properties of the agricultural soils.The changes in soil properties were evaluated by comparing samples taken from the topsoil and sub-soil (1–3 m depth) from areas irrigated with acid water and areas irrigated with neutral water. The field survey thus resulted in four soil categories. Bulk soil composition, organic matter content, moisture content and particle size distribution were determined. Reactive phases were quantified with the selective extractions 1 M KCl, 0.1 M Na-pyrophosphate and 0.2 M acid ammonium oxalate (AAO).By comparing the four soil categories it is shown that the use of the naturally polluted irrigation water has had a large influence on the chemical composition of the topsoil. The composition of the soil solution has changed over the entire investigated soil profile. Furthermore the acid irrigation water has strongly modified the composition of the reactive phases, extracted as KCl, pyrophosphate, and AAO extractable elements, and also the bulk soil composition has been significantly modified. Overall this has resulted in the net dissolution of some elements and the net precipitation of others. The changes in the reactive phases and bulk soil composition are only apparent in the topsoil (0–20 cm) but not in the deeper soil. 相似文献
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棉花是我国西北内陆干旱地区主要的农作物,研究干旱区棉花的水分利用来源对合理制定灌溉制度、实现农业节水灌溉和保证作物稳产高产具有重要意义.在新疆生产建设兵团炮台土壤改良试验站,基于水文监测和氢氧稳定同位素方法分析膜下滴灌棉田土壤水中氢氧同位素的动态变化特征,确定棉花不同生育期及灌溉后的水分利用来源,并应用多水源混合模型(IsoSource模型)定量计算了棉花对不同深度土壤水的利用率.研究结果表明:棉花在蕾期、花期、铃期和吐絮期主要的水分利用来源及利用率分别为0~30 cm(78.2%)、30~60 cm(31.9%)、60~110 cm(32%)、110~220 cm(47.3%),整个生育期内水分利用来源存在由浅变深的规律.膜下滴灌后,棉花调整其水分利用来源,显著增加了0~30 cm浅层土壤水的利用率.综合试验结果表明低额高频的灌溉制度可以提高棉花对灌溉水的利用率. 相似文献
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“一带一路”规划的高速铁路频繁穿梭于盐质荒漠区,沿线优质不含盐路基填料极其匮乏。为解决粗粒盐渍土填筑高速铁路路基面临的技术难题,结合伊朗德伊高铁建设,以现场粗粒盐渍土路基填料为对象,开展了温度循环下压实粗粒盐渍土水盐迁移与变形响应试验研究。结果表明,每次温度循环后温度波幅值由土层浅表向深层土体衰减传递,土体埋深越浅、恒温时间越长,温度波幅值越大;水盐均匀分布的压实粗粒盐渍土经历多次温度循环后逐渐演化成非均匀分布,水盐向土体表面迁移聚集,越靠近土体表面水盐增量越大;前5次温度循环中压实粗粒盐渍土产生了塑性盐胀或塑性融沉,随着温度循环次数增加,盐渍土塑性盐胀或塑性融沉显著减小甚至消失;盐渍土层上设置非盐渍土层具有迟滞盐分向上迁移和消能减胀作用,粗粒盐渍土构筑高速铁路路基宜采用结构分层技术,非盐渍土层设置厚度一般不宜小于当地温度辐射影响显著深度;粗粒盐渍土路基设计宜考虑多次温度循环后形成的水盐非均质分布及其可能诱发的盐胀与融沉增大效应,路基压实度不宜过高。研究成果将为盐渍土地区高速铁路路基工程建造起到示范参考作用。 相似文献
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超氯盐渍土的工程特性指标研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以探讨超氯盐渍土的含盐量与工程特性指标间关系为目的 ,采用室内土工试验与数学分析相结合的方法 ,深入研究了含盐量对塑性指标、抗剪强度的影响以及盐渍土渗透系数与干重度、含水量之间的关系。研究发现 :超氯盐渍土洗盐前后可塑性变化幅度较大 ;抗剪强度随含盐量增加而增大 ;在干重度、含水量与渗透系数三者相互关系中存在界限含水量和界限干重度。所得结论对深入研究盐渍土的工程特性、指导盐田建设将有所裨益 相似文献
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Soil column experiments showed that a surficial sodic soil is efficiently reclaimed using freshwater, after the addition of
saturated gypsum solution. Gypsum application in the field was beneficial in terms of maintaining high soil permeability,
increased water infiltration and neutral pH after a rainfall event. In the present paper, two different reclamation techniques for the plough layer of a sandy loam sodic
soil were tested in laboratory columns, 25 cm long and 10 cm in diameter; the first using freshwater alone and the second
using a saturated gypsum solution. The dynamics of salt removal were studied by continuous analysis of the water drained from
the bottom of the columns. When freshwater was used, sodium presented the lower removal rate and adversely affected soil permeability.
When gypsum solution was used, calcium was present in the flushing solution and the effect of sodium dominance on clay dispersion
and soil clogging was limited. The results presented in this study are of practical importance with respect to the reclamation
of sodic soils found in the coastal area of the east Nestos Delta, Greece, where freshwater is limited, due to seawater intrusion,
and saline groundwater is used for irrigation. 相似文献