共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
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文章简要综述了次网格尺度海非均匀性大对大气环流模式性能的影响，南极冰在全球环流和短期气候变化中的作用，以及模式中不同的海冰反照率参数化对地表温度和辐射的影响等研究结果，说明海冰对极地海洋和大气的能量收支及短期气候变化有重要作用，不同的海洋参数化方案对气候模拟结果有重要影响。 相似文献
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极冰气候效应的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用一个大气环流模式（ＡＧＣＭ）和一个全球耦合海气模式（ＣＯＡＧＣＭ）,模拟了北极海冰边界范围的变化对月平均气候的影响。结果表明,极冰边缘的异常完全可以改变中高纬度某些地区的局地气候。受冷源的影响,北半球中高纬度冷高压加强,低纬度暖高压减弱。同时利用一个全球三维大气环流模式,作了海冰反照率参数化的数值试验,用两种不同的海冰反照率参数化方案,检验对地表面温度、海平面气压、极地表面对太阳辐射吸收的影响。模拟试验表明了冰雪圈反照率的反馈作用,对气候变化的影响十分重要。 相似文献
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七月大气环流对南极海冰异常的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文用一个全球大气九层谱模式，模拟了七月份南极两个不同海区海冰区异常对大气环流的影响。主要讨论了大气环流对南极海冰异常存在的局地性的及全球性的响应。细致分析了二个区域极冰异常导致的南北半球低频波列分布的差异，以及它们对热带区域及亚洲季风区降水、越赤道气流的不同影响。最后则依据我们的模拟结果，讨论了南极海冰异常影响全球大气环流的动力学机制。 相似文献
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极地海冰变化对气候的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
本文为“极地海冰变化对气候的影响”专题研究工作的简单小结。本工作从资料分析特别是从数值试验研究了极地海冰广度异常的气候效应，着重揭示了极地海冰异常对大气环流和气候的影响是全球性的，它可激发出全球大气异常遥相关型波形，表现出具有与赤道太平洋海温异常同样生命的作用；讨论了极地海冰异常对大气环流影响的机制以及极地海冰变化特征和物理过程。 相似文献
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冬季赤道中东太平洋海温和北极海冰异常对大气环流影响的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本文从观测分析和数值试验两方面研究了冬季赤道中东太平洋海温和北极海冰覆盖面积的异常对太气环流的影响。结果表明赤道热源和极地冷源的变异是影响大气环流异常的两个重要方面因子,极地海冰变异与赤道太平洋海温异常对大气环流的影响具有同等重要的作用,必须引起足够的重视。 相似文献
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基于耦合器框架，中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室大气环流谱模式 （SAMIL）最近成功地实现了与海洋、海冰等气候分量模式的耦合，形成了“非通量调整”的海－陆－气－冰直接耦合的气候模式系统（FGOALS-s）。在耦合系统中，由于海温、海冰等的分布由预报模式驱动，大气与海洋、海冰之间引入了相互作用过程，这样大气环流的模拟特征与耦合前会有不同。为分析耦合系统的性能，作者对耦合前后的模拟结果进行了分析比较，重点是大气模拟特征的差异。结果表明，耦合前、后大气环流的基本特征相似，都能成功地模拟出主要的环流系统分布及季节变化，但是由于海温和海冰的模拟存在系统性的偏差，使得耦合后的大气环流受到明显影响。例如耦合后热带海温偏冷，南大洋、北太平洋和北大西洋等中纬度地区的海温偏高，导致海温等值线向高纬海域的伸展较弱，海温经向梯度减小。耦合后海冰在北极区域范围偏大，在南极周边地区则偏小。海温、海冰分布模拟的偏差影响到中、高纬低层大气的温度。热带海温偏低，使得赤道地区降水偏弱，凝结潜热减少，热带对流层中高层温度比耦合前要低，大气温度的经向梯度减小。经向温度梯度的改变，直接影响到对平均经圈环流及西风急流强度的模拟。尽管耦合系统中海温、海冰的模拟存在偏差，但在亚洲季风区，耦合后季风环流及降水等的分布都比耦合前单独大气模式的结果合理，表明通过海[CD*2]气相互作用可减少耦合前季风区的模拟误差，改善季风模拟效果。比较发现，海温、海冰模拟的偏差，除与海洋模式中经向热输送偏弱、海冰模式中海冰处理等有关外，也与大气模式中总云量模拟偏低有关。大气模式本身的误差，特别是云、辐射过程带来的误差，对耦合结果具有极为重要的影响。完全耦合后，这些误差通过与海洋、海冰的反馈作用而放大。因此，对于FGOALS-s而言，要提高耦合系统的整体性能，除改进各气候分量模式的模拟性能外，需要重点改进大气模式中的云、辐射过程。 相似文献
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华南后汛期降雨与南极海冰变异和南半球大气环流异常的关系 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用１９７３￣１９８９年南极海冰北界资料研究海冰变异对华南不同区域后汛期降雨的影响。认为,华南后汛期降雨与南极海冰和南半球大气环流间存在遥相关显著性。分析海洋与南半球大气环流,副高、热带气旋、南亚高压等系统间的相关关系表明,海冰变异是通过影响这些系统,而对后汛期降雨产生影响作用的,其中上年９月罗斯海海冰、７月全南极海冰和威德尔海海冰的作用更明显,当年１月低纬气旋烽和前期南美深对流区强弱与广西后汛期 相似文献
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一个海-冰-气耦合模式中格陵兰海海冰年际变异及其成因的个例分 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用一个全球海-冰-气耦合模式模拟结果, 选取冬季年际变率最大的海冰区--格陵兰海海冰区中的一个4年海冰剧烈变化过程展开分析, 试图探讨此个例过程中海冰剧烈变化的原因.结果表明, 在此个例中, 该区域海冰年际变异主要是由大气环流异常驱动的, 海表面温度和海冰密集度变化主要是对大气环流变化的响应.海表面温度变化决定着海冰范围及海冰密集度的变化, 但海冰变化时通过相变潜热的释放或吸收反过来对海表面温度变化有一定影响. 相似文献
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北极海冰面积变化与大气遥相关型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文综述了北极海注面积变化与大气遥相关型研究工作中的一些主要结果。诊断分析表明，北极海冰面积变化具有３－４年的振荡周期，大气中的遥相关型不仅与海冰面积变化的区域有关，还与海冰面积的振荡频率有关。海冰面积变化与大气遥相关型是互相维持的，一方的加强有利于另一方的加强，本文最后还对北极海冰和赤道中，东太平洋海温对北半年冬半年中纬度大气环流影响的相似性等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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北半球夏季南极冰气候效应的数值试验 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文利用9层菱形截断15波的全球大气环流谱模式进行了7月份南极冰正常和无冰的对比试验,进而研究了南极冰的短期气候效应.结果表明:南极冰的移去首先在局地区域加热了低层空气,减弱了南极极涡,然后使中高纬度超长波发生变异尤其是使纬向3波增幅.超长波的异常引起东亚季风区低层越赤道气流加强,从而增强东亚季风环流,增大中南半岛到西太平洋的降雨量和相应的对流潜热释放,结果在北半球激发了一支从东亚到北美的二维Rossby波列,使北半球大气环流发生异常.文中对这一气候效应的动力学机制进行了讨论,并认为南极冰不仅是影响南半球 相似文献
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THE EFFECTS OF THE ARCTIC SEA ICE ON THE VARIATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION AND CLIMATE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The SST anomaly of the central-eastern equatorial Pacific and the arctic sea ice anomalies of the four districts lo-cated respectively in 160°E—110°W,110°W—20°W,70°E—160°E and 20°W—70°E are taken as five separate factors.And the relationship between each factor and the atmospheric general circulation and the climate is investigated byobservational analysis and numerical experiments.It is shown that the effects of the arctic sea ice anomalies on the varia-tions of atmospheric circulation and climate are comparable to or even in some cases greater than that of EI Ninoevents.So one should pay much attention to the study of polar sea ice anomalies in climate research. 相似文献
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Using the lAP two-level general circulation model,the ice age July climate was simulated through the surface conditions of 18 000 years before present assembled by the CLIMAP Project.Comparing with the present July simulation results,the ice age atmosphere is found to have a substantially lower temperature,precipitation,and cloudiness,higher sea-level pressure,especially in the high latitude land region of the Northern Hemisphere and Antarctica.When the CO2 content is set as the modern value the climatic response is very small,which shows that the problems of CO2 sensitivity should be studied by means of coupled models.It is also pointed out that there are some common characteristics between CO2-induced climatic changes and the ice age surface condition-induced climatic changes,which may give us some insight into how climate responds to external forcings. 相似文献
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NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS FOR CLIMATE VARIABILITY OF MONSOON UNDER THE UNITED EFFECTS OF ANTARCTIC ICE COVER AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to study the mechanisms of climate natural variability under the united effects of antarc-tic ice cover(AIC)and sea surface temperature(SST),we have done a series of numerical experi-ments for the climate variability of the period from January 1981 to December 1983 by using a three-level atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM).Firstly we conduct climate integration for sixyears,then 3 years'control integration from January 16 of the seventh year.Moreover,we do threesensitivity experiments,which are the sensitivity experiments forced by observed SST and AIC.ob-served SST and climatic AIC,observed AIC and climatic SST respectively,to study the climate vari-ability and its mechanisms affected by SST and AIC.We put emphasis on the variability of East Asiamonsoon and the Southern Hemisphere(SH)circulation.In this paper,introduction is made to theresults of control test and the sensitivity experiment forced by observed SST and AIC,and the pre-dictability of the monsoon climate variability is discussed. 相似文献
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WANG Xuezhong SUN Zhaobo HU Banghui MIN Jinzhong ZENG Gang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2004,18(3):347-362
An ocean model developed by the Institute of Marine Research and the University of Bergen in Norway (BOM) and a state-of-the-art sea ice model developed by NCAR (CSIM4) are coupled, Considering influences of 9 major rivers,forced by the NCEP reanalysis atmospheric fields and the Levitus surface salinity,the Arctic sea ice climatic variation from January 1949 to December.1999 was simulated through the coupled model.The comparison of simulated results and observations shows that:(1)the long-term ice concentration variation tendencies are in consistent with the observations in the divisional ocean regions;(2)simulated ice thickness horizontal distribution is reasonable.Simulated ice thickness has a decreasing tendency in the central Arctic,which agrees with the submarine observations.Simulated annually maximum ice thickness is highly related to observed fast-ice thickness off the Russian coast;and (3)sea ice area/volume fluxes through the Fram Strait are in accord with the satellite-derived data.Generally,the coupled model successfully simulated the Arctic Ocean sea ice climatic variation. 相似文献
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By using a 2-layer AGCM designed by Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy ofSciences.this paper investigates influences of thickness and extent variations in Arctic sea ice onthe atmosphere circulation,particularly on climate variations in East Asia.The simulation resuhshave indicated that sea ice thickness variation in the Arctic exhibits significant influences onsimulation results,particularly on East Asian monsoon.A nearly reasonable distribution of sea icethickness in the model leads directly to stronger winter and summer monsoon over East Asia.andimproves the model's simulation results for Siberia high and Icelandic low in winter.On the otherhand,sea ice thickness variation can excite a teleconnection wave train across Asian Continent,andin low latitudes,the wave propagates from the western Pacific across the equator to the easternPacific.In addition,the variation of sea ice thickness also influences summer convective activitiesover the low latitudes including South China Sea and around the Philippines.Effects of winter sea ice extents in the Barents Sea on atmospheric circulation in the followingspring and summer are also significant.The simulation result shows that when winter sea iceextent in the target region is larger (smaller) than normal.(1)in the following spring (averagedfrom April to June).positive (negative) SLP anomalies occupy the northern central Pacific.whichleads directly to weakened (deepened)Aleutian low.and further favors the light (heavy) sea icecondition in the Bering Sea:(2)in the following summer,thermal depression in Asian Continent isdeepened (weakened).and the subtropical high in the northwestern Pacific shifts northward(southward) from its normal position and to be strengthened (weakened). 相似文献