共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
通过监测三江源玛沁县高寒草甸2017年度植被特征及土壤呼吸通量, 探讨了不同退化阶段植被群落、 土壤呼吸特征及其协同关系, 并分析了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。结果表明： 随着高寒草甸退化程度加剧, 禾本科植物重要值降低, 毒杂草显著增加（P<0.05）; 植被盖度、 物种数、 多样性指数显著下降（P<0.05）, 重度退化阶段的地上生物量比轻度、 中度退化阶段降低了25.36%、 22.37%（P<0.05）; 在中度退化条件下, 均匀度指数和地下生物量显著增多（P<0.05）。在各退化阶段, 土壤呼吸年内均呈单峰式变化过程, 表现出生长季高、 非生长季低的特征, 植物生长旺季（7 - 8月）最高, 且与5 cm深度处土壤温度之间呈显著指数关系（P<0.05）; 2017年轻度退化、 中度退化和重度退化阶段的土壤呼吸碳排放总量分别为626.89 gC·m-2、 386.66 gC·m-2、 393.81 gC·m-2; 同时, 土壤呼吸与植被群落演替具有显著的协同性, 随着退化程度加剧土壤呼吸速率下降。轻度退化、 中度退化、 重度退化阶段土壤呼吸的温度敏感性系数（Q10）分别为2.82、 3.54和2.35, 表明中度退化条件下的温度敏感性最强, 重度退化条件下最弱。 相似文献
2.
高寒植被生态系统变化对土壤物理化学性状的影响 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
在黄河源区选择典型样地,对土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(N)等化学性状及土壤机械组成、容重和土壤导水率等物理特性进行分析.结果表明,植被退化导致土壤物理化学性状显著退化.灌丛草甸草地土壤表层有机质(SOM)从179.58 g·kg-1降到49.48 g·kg-1,表层碱解N流失率为30%,退化嵩草草甸表层有机质SOM减少53%,碱解N损失率为28.4%.沼泽地有机质SOM减少了15.11 g·kg-1.退化后的土壤土层厚度变薄,土壤颗粒变粗,土壤水分分布和含量出现变化,土壤出现沙化,土壤容重增大,土壤导水率与植被盖度有很好的相关性.研究表明,高寒植被生态系统的变化引起了土壤理化特性的强烈变化,高寒土壤环境出现退化. 相似文献
3.
土壤化学计量特征及酶活性是反映植物生长速率和养分限制的重要因子。为探究三江源高寒草甸退化过程中土壤化学计量特征及酶活性的变化特征及相互作用关系,本研究采用野外采样与室内分析相结合的方法,分析了不同退化程度(原生植被、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化)对三江源高寒草甸的土壤有机碳(SOC)、全碳(TC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)含量、pH值、土壤化学计量比、酶活性的影响及相互作用关系。结果表明：(1)随退化程度的加剧,不同土层土壤中的SOC和TN含量整体呈降低趋势,TK含量呈递增趋势,不同土层差异不显著。TP含量表现为轻度退化最高,不同土层TP含量均大于0.7 g·kg-1,pH值随退化程度加剧变化不明显。(2)土壤C、N、P、K化学计量比整体随着退化程度的加剧呈降低趋势,其中碳氮比值变化较为稳定。(3)β-1,4-木糖苷酶(BX)、β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、酸性磷酸酶(AP)、β-纤维二糖苷酶(BCE)、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)五种酶活性在不同土层中均表现为轻度退化显著高于其他退化程度(P<0.05)。(4)土壤SOC、TN、TP含量及... 相似文献
4.
青南退化高寒草甸植被土壤固碳潜力 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
青南与青北高寒草甸植被、 土壤、 气候类型相似, 地植被、 土壤碳密度可比性强. 研究表明, 青南高寒草甸植被退化严重, 植被和土壤碳密度随退化程度的加剧而降低, 轻度、 中度、 重度和极度退化植被碳密度分别为921.281、 809.998、 237.974 gC·m-2和75.972 gC·m-2, 0~40 cm土壤碳密度分别为16.760、 16.145、 14.360 gC·m-2和12.945 kgC·m-2. 在青北未退化草甸植被和0~40 cm层次土壤碳密度分别为1 149.327 gC·m-2和20.305 kgC·m-2. 相对青北高寒草甸植被类型而言, 青南高寒草甸轻度、 中度、 重度、 极度退化的植被固碳密度分别增加228.046、 339.329、 911.354 gC·m-2和1073.355 gC·m-2, 而对应0~40 cm层次土壤固碳密度可分别增加3.545、 4.160、 5.946 gC·m-2和7.359 kgC·m-2. 以青南当地未退化草地而言, 轻度、 中度、 重度和极度退化的高寒草甸0~20 cm层次土壤固碳密度可达1.694、 2.087、 3.537 kgC·m-2和4.282 kgC·m-2, 表现出较大的固碳潜力. 相似文献
5.
祁连山黑河上游多年冻土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳密度分布特征 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
山地多年冻土的异质性影响其植被类型的分布特征,且对有机碳的分布也具有重要影响。通过采集黑河上游多年冻土区三种典型植被类型（高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸、高寒草原）8个活动层的土壤样品,测定其土壤有机碳密度及其理化性质。结果表明：高寒沼泽草甸土壤有机碳密度最高（49.50 kg·m-2）,高寒草甸次之（11.22 kg·m-2）,高寒草原最低（7.30 kg·m-2）。土壤有机碳密度的剖面垂直分布特征具有差异性,高寒沼泽草甸土壤有机碳密度随深度变化不明显,高寒草原和高寒草甸土壤有机碳密度随深度逐渐减小,存在显著的表层聚集性。有机碳密度与土壤含水率和细粒含量呈显著正相关,与pH值呈显著负相关关系。一般线性模型结果表明土壤含水率、pH值和土壤颗粒组成解释了96.39%的有机碳密度变异,其中土壤含水率贡献了81.53%,pH值和土壤粒度分别贡献了9.33%和4.75%。研究表明多年冻土区不同植被类型土壤有机碳密度分布特征具有明显差异,山地多年冻土土壤含水率是控制有机碳密度分布特征的重要影响因素。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原多年冻土区高寒草地生物量与环境因子关系的初步分析 总被引：15，自引：5，他引：10
以青藏高原多年冻土区3种高寒草地植被为研究对象,设置6个样地,并结合附近活动层观测场环境因子数据,定量分析生物量与环境因子的关系.结果表明,各高寒草地地下生物量对总生物量的贡献率最大,而地下生物量在0～10cm集中分布;对于总生物量和地下生物量,各因子影响程度大小次序为:土壤盐分土壤含水量空气温度,而对地上生物量,依次为土壤含水量土壤盐分空气温度;土壤温度同生物量存在负相关关系.同时,伴随多年冻土退化,活动层表层不同深度(10～50cm)土壤温度明显升高,含水量逐渐降低,土壤盐分不断增加,从而使高寒草地植被类型出现由高寒沼泽草甸、高寒草甸至高寒草原的逆向演替过程,群落总盖度及生物量均表现出明显降低的趋势. 相似文献
7.
祁连山海北高寒湿地气候变化及植被演替分析 总被引：24，自引：7，他引：17
分析了近40a海北高寒湿地区域气候变化特征,以及近期湿地退化和植被演替的情况.结果表明:祁连山海北地区自1957年以来年平均气温以0.157℃·10a-1的倾向率升高,年降水量约以1859mm·10a-1的倾向率递减,年平均地温比同期气温的增加更为迅速,表现出海北地区气候及土壤性状均向干暖化趋势发展,特别是土壤干暖化程度尤为明显.由于人类活动加剧影响,超载过牧,原生植被遭受破坏,草场退化严重,地表潜在蒸散力加大.深层的多年冻土退化,冻胀草丘坍塌,导致湿地植被发生变化,使沼泽化草甸向典型草甸演替.不同年度调查结果表明,高寒湿地植被在气候干暖化趋势的加剧影响下,植物群落组成发生变异,物种多样性、生态优势度均比湿地原生植被的物种有增多的趋势.原生适应寒冷、潮湿生境的藏嵩草为主的草甸植被类型逐渐退化,有些物种甚至消失,而被那些寒冷湿中生为主的典型草甸类型所替代.组成植物群落的湿中生种类减少,中生种类(如线叶嵩草)大量增加,群落盖度相对降低,群落生产量大幅度下降. 相似文献
8.
青藏铁路沿线高寒草甸植物群落特征对人为干扰梯度的响应——以风火山高山嵩草草甸为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选择风火山地区受到人为干扰的高寒草甸,对处于不同干扰梯度的高寒草甸植物群落,用样带法进行调查.共调查5条样带,50个样方.统计植物的科属组成,计测其群落盖度、频度指标以及物种丰富度指数、多样性指数及均匀度指数等.对不同干扰梯度上的植物群落结构及其物种组成特点进行分析,结果表明:青藏铁路沿线的高寒草甸随着人为干扰的强度的增加,植物群落的科、属、种组成趋向单一;群落中起显著作用的物种趋向是高山嵩草→高山嵩草和矮嵩草→早熟禾和扇穗茅→早熟禾→羊茅和早熟禾;按照植物种群的重要值对干扰梯度的响应,该地区植物种群可被划分为3类响应模式,即忍耐型种、敏感型种和扩展型种.随着干扰强度的增加,物种丰富度指数和物种多样性随着干扰增加而降低.干扰梯度与有机质含量、全氮、水解氮、全磷、速效磷均呈显著相关,但是与全钾和速效钾相关关系不明显. 相似文献
9.
以青藏高原多年冻土区高寒沼泽化草甸为研究对象,采用雪栅栏诱导方式模拟积雪厚度增加,结合植物地上、地下根系以及土壤养分变化,分析了高寒沼泽化草甸对积雪厚度增加的响应。结果表明：积雪厚度增加后,0~20 cm浅层土壤温度和水分含量增加;植物群落高度和土壤表层0~10 cm根系生物量显著增加,植物群落组成和地上生物量没有变化;地下0~20 cm土壤碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）总储量降低,根系中C、N、P储量增加;土壤表层0~10 cm总N∶P比显著增加,但是有效磷含量在0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层均显著增加。可见,积雪厚度增加并不影响沼泽化草甸植物群落的组成和地上生物量,仅增加植被高度;增加土壤表层总N∶P比意味着积雪厚度增加可能会减轻沼泽化草甸土壤中氮限制,从而减缓沼泽化草甸的氮匮乏状况。结论可为高寒生态系统响应积雪变化研究提供样地尺度的观测数据,并为冰冻圈生态系统应对未来气候变化的模型估算提供数据支撑。 相似文献
10.
贵州喀斯特山区植被演替对土壤有效性氮磷含量及酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对贵州南部茂兰喀斯特山区不同植被类型的土壤进行调查与采样分析,探讨植被演替过程中土壤生物有效性氮磷含量及酶活性的变化。结果表明:喀斯特植被从阔叶林向灌木林及灌草丛的演变过程中,土壤全氮、活性有机磷含量出现下降;而速效氮、硝态氮、速效磷及水溶性磷的含量出现显著的降低,灌草丛土壤中速效氮、硝态氮、速效磷及水溶性磷的平均含量分别比原生阔叶林土壤减少28.09%、65.44%、69.42%和81.71%;同时,土壤脲酶、蛋白质酶、磷酸酶活性分别比原生阔叶林土壤减少74.72%、63.08%和50.32%。在喀斯特山区土壤生物有效性氮磷含量的变化明显地受到植被群落演变的影响,森林退化主要导致土壤硝态氮及水溶性磷数量的明显减少。 相似文献
11.
Guohua Ren Zhanhuan Shang Ruijun Long Yuan Hou Bin Deng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(1):235-245
In alpine meadow ecosystems, considerable spatial heterogeneity in forb-dominant vegetation exists as a result of severe grassland degeneration; however, there is limited quantitative information on the vegetative differences between degenerated and pristine grasslands. Therefore, a field study, which seeks to identify the edaphic factors driving the variation in plant composition and distribution, was conducted in a severely degraded alpine meadow located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, NW China. Five meadows, an original meadow and four degraded meadows, were used to determine the differentiation and relationships between the vegetation and soil of degraded alpine meadows. The dominated species of these degraded meadows are Ligularia virgaurea–Artemisia gmelinii (LA), Oxytropis ochrocephala–Leontopodium nanum (OL), Aconitum pendulum–Potentilla anserina (AP) and Stellera chamaejasme–Artemisia nanschanica (SA), respectively. The results indicate that vegetation cover, grass biomass, species number and diversity indices clearly decrease from the original to the degraded meadow. Soil water, clay and nutrient content are also reduced with grassland degradation in surface and subsoil layers. The joint study of floristic and edaphic variables confirms that the soil features, especially the bulk density, sand content, pH, salinity, N and K, mainly determine the establishment of vegetation in the severely degraded fields of this study. These results may be useful for alpine grassland ecosystem restoration and management. 相似文献
12.
Improper cultivation practices are seriously degrading native forest ecosystems in northern Iran. Hence, the objectives of this study are to compare selected soil properties, runoff amount, erosion and also introducing equations to predict the runoff and soil erosion in three types of land use (forest, garden and cultivated). A simple portable rainfall simulator has been set in 90 random points to create experimental rainfall. Result showed that changes in natural forest led to a significant clay, organic carbon of soil, total N and antecedent soil moisture decrease and sand, pH and bulk density increasing. The rainfall runoff experiments indicate that runoff content of the natural forest soils was 35 % and respectively 38.45 % higher than the garden and cultivated land soils .This result could be related to the higher antecedent soil moisture in natural forest compared with the other land uses. According to the obtained results, garden soil erosion and cultivated land was 1.351 and respectively 1.587 times higher than the forest. The correlation matrix revealed that runoff content was positively correlated with antecedent soil moisture, bulk density and silt, and negatively with soil organic carbon, total N and sand. Also, soil organic carbon, total N, clay and sand showed negative correlation with soil erosion, while there is a positive correlation between erosion and silt, bulk density, pH and antecedent soil moisture. The results of multiple linear regression showed that runoff in forest, garden and cultivated land can be predicted with correlation coefficient of 0.637, 0.547 and 0.624, respectively. The correlation coefficients of 0.798, 0.628 and 0.560 in equations indicate their moderate potential in simulating soil erosion. 相似文献
13.
14.
多年冻土区活动层土壤水分对不同高寒生态系统的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土地覆被变化对土壤水分的影响是生态水文学和流域水文学研究的关键问题,基于长江源典型多年冻土区不同高寒草地土壤水分的观测,结合降水、生物量（包括地上和地下）和土壤理化性质,研究了活动层土壤水分变化对不同高寒生态系统的响应. 结果表明：高寒草甸生物量、土壤养分含量均比高寒草原高,且对降水响应更为强烈,致使高寒草甸土壤水分变异性弱于高寒草原. 在土壤完全融化阶段,高寒草甸土壤活动层存在一个低含水层（50 cm左右）和两个相对高含水层（20 cm和120 cm）,但高寒草原土壤水分在活动层剖面上有随深度逐渐增大的一致性趋势;在秋季冻结过程中,高寒草甸土冻结起始日滞后于高寒草原土3~15 d;在春季融化阶段,高寒草原土更高的含冰量需要更多的融化潜热. 此外,表层土壤中（0~20 cm）,高寒草甸土比高寒草原土有更大的持水特性,而在活动层中下部则呈现完全相反的结果,不同高寒生态系统的演替改变了土壤的水热迁移过程. 相似文献
15.
Xiaoan Zuo Halin Zhao Xueyong Zhao Yirui Guo Jianying Yun Shaokun Wang Takafumi Miyasaka 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1227-1237
The Horqin Sandy Land is one of the most severely desertified regions in northern China. Plant communities and soil conditions
at five stages of grassland desertification (potential, light, moderate, severe and very severe) were selected for the study
of vegetation pattern variation relating to soil degradation. The results showed that vegetation cover, species richness and
diversity, aboveground biomass (AGB), underground biomass, litter, soil organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus
(P), electrical conductivity, very fine sand (0.1–0.05 mm) content and silt (0.05–0.002 mm) content decreased with the desertification
development. Plant community succession presented that the palatable herbaceous plants gave place to the shrub species with
asexual reproduction and sand pioneer plants. The decline of vegetation cover and AGB was positively related to the loss of
soil organic C and total N with progressive desertification (P < 0.01). The multivariate statistical analysis showed that plant community distribution, species diversity and ecological
dominance had the close relationship with the gradient of soil nutrients in the processes of grassland desertification. These
results suggest that grassland desertification results in the variation of vegetation pattern which presents the different
composition and structure of plant community highly influenced by the soil properties. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原多年冻土区土壤需氧可培养细菌多样性及群落功能研究 总被引：7，自引：7，他引：0
以青藏高原腹地不同植被类型多年冻土区土壤细菌为研究对象, 分析了可培养菌群数量、 多样性和生理代谢功能的变化及其与环境因子间的关系. 结果显示: 从沼泽草甸到高寒荒漠, 土壤水分、 总碳、 总氮含量逐渐降低, pH值升高, 可培养细菌数量在2.97×106~2.88×107 CFU·g-1, 与含水量、 总碳、 总氮显著正相关; Actinobacteria(51.4%)和γ-Proteobacteria(31.7%)为优势菌群, α-protebacteria仅在沼泽草甸中有分布, β-protebacteria、 Bacterioidetes丰度与含水量、 总碳、 总氮间显著正相关; 自沼泽到荒漠, 菌群代谢活性和Shannon功能多样性指数降低, pH与Shannon指数显著负相关, 继氨基酸类碳源之后, 多聚物逐渐成为被细菌群落主要利用的碳源种类. 研究表明, 伴随冻土退化地上植被逆向演替的过程, 青藏高原多年冻土地下土壤微生物群落丰度、 遗传和代谢功能多样性均发生了不同程度的响应. 相似文献
17.
To understand and predict the role of soils in changes in alpine meadow ecosystems during climate warming, soil monoliths,
extending from the surface to the deepest roots, were collected from Carex moorcroftii, Kobresia humilis, mixed grass, and Kobresia pygmaea alpine meadows in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, China. The monoliths were used to measure the distribution with
depth of biomass, soil grain size, soil nutrient levels, and soil moisture. With the exception of the K. pygmaea meadow, the percentages of gravel and coarse sand in the soils were high, ranging from 37.7 to 57.8% for gravel, and from
18.7 to 27.9% for coarse sand. The texture was finest in the upper 10 cm soil layer, and generally became coarser with increasing
depth. Soil nutrients were concentrated in the top 15 cm soil layer, especially in the top 10 cm. Soil water content was low,
ranging from 3 to 28.4%. Most of the subsurface biomass was in the top 10 cm, with concentrations of 79.8% in the K. humilis meadow, 77.6% in the mixed grass meadow, and 62.3% in the C. moorcroftii meadow. Owing to deeper root penetration, the concentration of subsurface biomass in the upper 10 cm of K. pygmaea soil was only 41.7%. The subsurface biomass content decreased exponentially with depth; this is attributed to the increase
in grain size and decrease in soil nutrient levels with depth. Soil water is not a primary factor influencing the vertical
and spatial distribution of subsurface biomass in the study area. The lack of fine material and of soil nutrients resulted
in low surficial and subsurface biomass everywhere. 相似文献
18.
Changes in soil quality in the critical area of desertification surrounding the Ejina Oasis,Northern China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The critical area around an oasis where desertification occurs determines the ecological security and stability of the oasis. In this study, the soil quality in the critical area of desertification surrounding the Ejina Oasis was evaluated by using a soil quality index (SQI). The soil surface moisture content was related to vegetation cover; it remained high to a distance of 600 m from the oasis, decreased at distances of 600 to 1,700 m, and then gradually increased to a distance of 1,900 m. The sand content and soil bulk density gradually decreased to a distance of 300 m from the oasis; however, the silt and clay contents, soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and total and available nutrients increased away from the oasis. From 300 to 1,900 m, the sand content and soil bulk density increased; however, values of other soil properties decreased. Thus, a distance of 300 m from the edge of the oasis represents an obvious demarcation point for soil properties. SOM and the clay content were the key factors that determined soil quality. SQI increased from 0.284 at the edge of the oasis to 0.793 at 300 m, decreased to 0.262 at 1,400 m, and then decreased further to 0.142 at 1,900 m. SQI was lowest at distances of 1,400–1,900 m. The area beyond 300 m from the oasis was most vulnerable to desertification, and is thus the area where desertification control measures should be strengthened. 相似文献
19.
查明青藏高原高寒草甸区土壤水分运移机制,对正确理解土壤水分迁移过程、提高高寒草甸重建效率具有重要指导意义。通过开展土壤剖面负压、地温观测等原位试验,结合气象资料,对土壤剖面地温、含水率及总水头特征进行分析。结果表明,土壤的冻结期起始于10月,解冻期起始于4月;地温最高值出现在植物生长旺盛期8月,最低值出现在1月;1～3月土壤水分呈固态,6～10月土壤水分呈液态,处于稳定变化阶段,4～5月、11～12月土壤水分呈固液转化态,含水率变化幅度较大,处于过渡阶段。随着气温升高及降水量增加,6～8月水热同季有利于高寒草甸生长,属于高寒草甸主要生长阶段;春季土层由表及深土壤解冻,冻土层滞水性能保障了返青期春旱牧草生长的水分需求;深秋季节的由表及深的土壤冻结,深层土壤水分随水汽发生的表聚作用保障了牧草生长的水分需求,也是高原生态系统能够维持稳定的原因之一。 相似文献