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1.
提出部分模糊度固定的加权电离层模型提高大范围全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)航空定位的精度、可靠性及连续性．该方法的主要思路包括:自适应调整大气扰动等误差影响以实现短基线与长基线两类解算模式之间的灵活切换;施加虚拟电离层观测约束信息,提高基线动态定位的浮点解精度;采用部分模糊度固定方法有效挖掘若干模糊度参数的整周约束．试验表明,提出的方法可提高模糊固定效率与定位精度,克服传统方法有效观测信息利用率不足、定位精度较差、可靠性不高以及连续性较差的问题．实验结果表明,部分模糊度固定算法可在2 min内固定95％以上宽巷模糊度解算与80％以上窄巷模糊度,约20 min后可固定所有模糊度． 相似文献
2.
The affine constrained GNSS attitude model and its multivariate integer least-squares solution 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
P. J. G. Teunissen 《Journal of Geodesy》2012,86(7):547-563
A new global navigation satellite system (GNSS) carrier-phase attitude model and its solution are introduced in this contribution. This affine-constrained GNSS attitude model has the advantage that it avoids the computational complexity of the orthonormality-constrained GNSS attitude model, while it still has a significantly improved ambiguity resolution performance over its unconstrained counterpart. The functional and stochastic model is formulated in multivariate form, for one-, two- and three-dimensional antenna arrays, tracking GNSS signals on an arbitrary number of frequencies with two or more antennas. The stochastic model includes the capability to capture variations in the antenna-quality within the array. The multivariate integer least-squares solution of the model parameters is given and the model’s ambiguity success-rate is analysed by means of the ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP). A general closed-form expression for the affine-constrained ADOP is derived, thus providing an easy-to-use and insightful rule-of-thumb for the ambiguity resolution capabilities of the affine constrained GNSS attitude model. 相似文献
3.
Reliable ambiguity resolution (AR) is essential to real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning and its applications, since incorrect ambiguity fixing can lead to largely biased positioning solutions. A partial ambiguity fixing technique is developed to improve the reliability of AR, involving partial ambiguity decorrelation (PAD) and partial ambiguity resolution (PAR). Decorrelation transformation could substantially amplify the biases in the phase measurements. The purpose of PAD is to find the optimum trade-off between decorrelation and worst-case bias amplification. The concept of PAR refers to the case where only a subset of the ambiguities can be fixed correctly to their integers in the integer least squares (ILS) estimation system at high success rates. As a result, RTK solutions can be derived from these integer-fixed phase measurements. This is meaningful provided that the number of reliably resolved phase measurements is sufficiently large for least-square estimation of RTK solutions as well. Considering the GPS constellation alone, partially fixed measurements are often insufficient for positioning. The AR reliability is usually characterised by the AR success rate. In this contribution, an AR validation decision matrix is firstly introduced to understand the impact of success rate. Moreover the AR risk probability is included into a more complete evaluation of the AR reliability. We use 16 ambiguity variance–covariance matrices with different levels of success rate to analyse the relation between success rate and AR risk probability. Next, the paper examines during the PAD process, how a bias in one measurement is propagated and amplified onto many others, leading to more than one wrong integer and to affect the success probability. Furthermore, the paper proposes a partial ambiguity fixing procedure with a predefined success rate criterion and ratio test in the ambiguity validation process. In this paper, the Galileo constellation data is tested with simulated observations. Numerical results from our experiment clearly demonstrate that only when the computed success rate is very high, the AR validation can provide decisions about the correctness of AR which are close to real world, with both low AR risk and false alarm probabilities. The results also indicate that the PAR procedure can automatically chose adequate number of ambiguities to fix at given high-success rate from the multiple constellations instead of fixing all the ambiguities. This is a benefit that multiple GNSS constellations can offer. 相似文献
4.
基于部分整周模糊度固定的非差GPS精密单点定位方法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
近年来,精密单点定位(PPP)模糊度固定技术不断发展,模糊度正确固定后可以提高短时间的定位精度。然而固定错误的模糊度,将引起严重的定位偏差,因此对PPP模糊度固定的成功率和可靠性进行研究很有必要。本文探讨了采用非差小数偏差(FCBs)改正的PPP模糊度固定方法;同时提出了一种分步质量控制的PPP部分模糊度固定(PAR)策略。通过欧洲CORS数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明:PPP模糊度固定可以提高小时解静态PPP定位精度。同时,采用部分模糊度固定策略,能够有效控制未收敛模糊度影响,提高用户端PPP模糊度固定成功率。 相似文献
5.
Testing of a new single-frequency GNSS carrier phase attitude determination method: land,ship and aircraft experiments 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ambiguity resolution is the process of resolving the unknown cycle ambiguities of
the carrier phase data as integers. The sole purpose of ambiguity resolution is to use the integer ambiguity constraints as
a means of improving significantly on the precision of the remaining GNSS model parameters. In this contribution, we consider
the problem of ambiguity resolution for GNSS attitude determination. We analyse the performance of a new ambiguity resolution
method for GNSS attitude determination. As it will be shown, this method provides a numerically efficient, highly reliable
and robust solution of the nonlinearly constrained integer least-squares GNSS compass estimators. The analyses have been done
by means of a unique set of extensive experimental tests, using simulated as well as actual GNSS data and using receivers
of different manufacturers and type as well as different platforms. The executed field tests cover two static land experiments,
one in the Netherlands and one in Australia, and two dynamic experiments, a low-dynamics vessel experiment and high-dynamics
aircraft experiment. In our analyses, we focus on stand-alone, unaided, single-frequency, single-epoch attitude determination,
as this is the most challenging case of GNSS compass processing. 相似文献
6.
The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) has recently (May 2016) reached its full operational capability. In this contribution, we provide the very first L5 attitude determination analyses of the fully operational IRNSS as a standalone system and also in combination with the fully operational GPS Block IIF along with the corresponding ambiguity resolution results. Our analyses are carried out for both a linear array of two antennas and a planar array of three antennas at Curtin University, Perth, Australia. We study the noise characteristics (carrier-to-noise density, measurement precision, time correlation), the integer ambiguity resolution performance (LAMBDA, MC-LAMBDA) and the attitude determination performance (ambiguity float and ambiguity fixed). A prerequisite for precise and fast IRNSS attitude determination is the successful resolution of the double-differenced integer carrier-phase ambiguities. In this contribution, we will compare the performance of the unconstrained and the multivariate-constrained LAMBDA method. It is therefore also shown what improvements are achieved when the known body geometry of the antenna array is rigorously incorporated into the ambiguity objective function. As our ambiguity-fixed outcomes show consistency between empirical and formal results, we also formally assess the precise attitude determination performance for several locations within the IRNSS service area. 相似文献
7.
设计了一套基于集中式卡尔曼滤波的实时动态定位（real-time kinematic,RTK）/惯性导航系统（inertial navigation system,INS）紧组合算法,通过实测车载数据对比分析了3颗可用卫星时的固定解和浮点解在位置漂移误差水平和模糊度恢复时间上的差异,验证了该算法在卫星较少情况下的良好性能。该算法在即使观测卫星不足4颗时使用固定解或浮点解进行滤波更新,提高了组合导航在复杂环境下的位置精度,并加快了模糊度恢复过程。实验结果表明,使用中等精度的惯导,在可见卫星数为3颗时,失锁30 s时的水平位置漂移误差为0.3 m;失锁60 s内,平均1~2 s就能可靠地恢复整周模糊度。在位置漂移误差与模糊度恢复方面,固定解和浮点解在GNSS信号短期部分失锁时的差异并不显著,但同时都明显优于信号完全失锁情形。 相似文献
8.
Integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) is the key to fast and precise GNSS positioning and navigation. Next to the positioning parameters, however, there are several other types of GNSS parameters that are of importance for a range of different applications like atmospheric sounding, instrumental calibrations or time transfer. As some of these parameters may still require pseudo-range data for their estimation, their response to IAR may differ significantly. To infer the impact of ambiguity resolution on the parameters, we show how the ambiguity-resolved double-differenced phase data propagate into the GNSS parameter solutions. For that purpose, we introduce a canonical decomposition of the GNSS network model that, through its decoupled and decorrelated nature, provides direct insight into which parameters, or functions thereof, gain from IAR and which do not. Next to this qualitative analysis, we present for the GNSS estimable parameters of geometry, ionosphere, timing and instrumental biases closed-form expressions of their IAR precision gains together with supporting numerical examples. 相似文献
9.
针对低成本GNSS模块及天线类型直接影响RTK性能的问题,该文选取了具有代表性的3种GNSS定位模块华大HD9310、UBLOX NEO-M8T、UBLOX ZED-F9P,以及测地型天线U35和螺旋天线BT-3070两种不同类型的天线。采集GNSS天线和模块不同组合的原始观测数据,深入分析了不同组合的原始GNSS数据的信噪比、模糊度解算初始化时间、伪距与载波相位的双差残差以及定位精度。结果表明:U35天线性能优于BT-3070天线;ZED-F9P模块性能优于NEO-M8T模块和HD9310模块。实验结果可为无人设备、工程测量等领域选取合适的RTK组合提供参考。 相似文献
10.
在精密单点定位(precise point positioning,PPP)技术中,模糊度固定错误将导致严重的定位偏差,为保证PPP模糊度实现更可靠的固定,需对模糊度子集的选取方式进行优化。提出了一种将质量控制与施密特正交化相结合的PPP部分模糊度固定方法。在全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）多系统融合条件下, 选取多模GNSS实验数据,在非差非组合PPP模型中对比分析施密特正交化方法与高度角选星方法,并进行模糊度固定及定位性能验证。结果表明,施密特正交化方法相比高度角选星方法,各天与各站平均历元固定率在静态模式下分别提高了7.74%与11.46%,在仿动态模式下分别提高了7.90%与7.78%;各天与各站的首次固定时间在静态模式下分别提高了22.30%与25.42%,在仿动态模式下分别提高了20.44%与19.65%。在PPP模糊度固定和定位精度方面,多系统融合相比单BDS(BeiDou navigation satellite system)提升效果明显,在95%分位数条件下,水平和高程方向收敛时间分别平均减少20.00 min和19.00 min,水平和高程方向定位精度分别平均改善了1.50 cm和1.12 cm。在非差非组合PPP模型中,采用施密特正交化PPP部分模糊度固定方法可以显著提升模糊度固定性能,改善定位精度。 相似文献
11.
纳伪概率可控的四舍五入法及其在RTK模糊度固定中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RTK模糊度固定通常采用序贯四舍五入方法,该方法只固定能可靠固定的部分模糊度,因此控制四舍五入的纳伪概率是实现RTK可靠性的关键。从含多个备选假设的假设检验理论出发,研究纳伪概率可控的四舍五入方法,根据风险水平和实数解的质量自适应地确定四舍五入取整区域,从而有效地控制整数固定的纳伪概率。并结合GNSS应用中两种特殊情况,发展两种简单实用的应用策略。采用基线长94.6 km的CORS站GPS双频数据进行网络RTK模糊度固定试验,分析本文纳伪概率可控的四舍五入方法的效果。结果表明,纳伪概率可控的四舍五入方法的固定率与传统四舍五入方法的固定率相当,且较传统方法更能有效地控制纳伪概率,提高整数解的可靠性。 相似文献
12.
Successful carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to high-precision positioning with Global Navigation Satellite Systems
(GNSS). The ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) is a well-known scalar measure which can be used to infer the strength
of the GNSS model for carrier phase ambiguity resolution. In this contribution we present analytical closed-form expressions
for the ADOP. This will be done for a whole class of different multi- frequency single baseline models. These models include
the geometry-fixed, the geometry-free and the geometry-based models, respectively. And within the class of geometry-based
models, we discriminate between short and long observation time spans, and between stationary and moving receivers. The easy-to-use
ADOP expressions can be applied to infer the contribution of various GNSS model factors. They comprise, for instance, the
type, the number and the precision of the GNSS observations, the number and selection of frequencies, the presence of atmospheric
disturbances, the length of the observation time span and the length of the baseline. 相似文献
13.
GNSS ambiguity resolution with controllable failure rate for long baseline network RTK 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
Many large-scale GNSS CORS networks have been deployed around the world to support various commercial and scientific applications. To make use of these networks for real-time kinematic positioning services, one of the major challenges is the ambiguity resolution (AR) over long inter-station baselines in the presence of considerable atmosphere biases. Usually, the widelane ambiguities are fixed first, followed by the procedure of determination of the narrowlane ambiguity integers based on the ionosphere-free model in which the widelane integers are introduced as known quantities. This paper seeks to improve the AR performance over long baseline through efficient procedures for improved float solutions and ambiguity fixing. The contribution is threefold: (1) instead of using the ionosphere-free measurements, the absolute and/or relative ionospheric constraints are introduced in the ionosphere-constrained model to enhance the model strength, thus resulting in the better float solutions; (2) the realistic widelane ambiguity precision is estimated by capturing the multipath effects due to the observation complexity, leading to improvement of reliability of widelane AR; (3) for the narrowlane AR, the partial AR for a subset of ambiguities selected according to the successively increased elevation is applied. For fixing the scalar ambiguity, an error probability controllable rounding method is proposed. The established ionosphere-constrained model can be efficiently solved based on the sequential Kalman filter. It can be either reduced to some special models simply by adjusting the variances of ionospheric constraints, or extended with more parameters and constraints. The presented methodology is tested over seven baselines of around 100 km from USA CORS network. The results show that the new widelane AR scheme can obtain the 99.4 % successful fixing rate with 0.6 % failure rate; while the new rounding method of narrowlane AR can obtain the fix rate of 89 % with failure rate of 0.8 %. In summary, the AR reliability can be efficiently improved with rigorous controllable probability of incorrectly fixed ambiguities. 相似文献
14.
基准站间整周模糊度的快速准确固定是实现网络RTK高精度快速定位的前提。对于GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合系统长基线,模糊度维数大幅度增加,加之观测噪声、大气残余误差等因素的影响,很难快速准确地固定所有模糊度,尤其是低高度角卫星模糊度。提出了一种基于部分固定策略的GPS/GLONASS/BDS组合网络长基线部分模糊度快速解算方法,以截止高度角、模糊度固定成功率以及Ratio值为主要参数,优选模糊度固定子集,以实现长距离基准站间模糊度快速固定。通过实测GPS/GLONASS/BDS三系统长基线数据的实验验证,部分模糊度固定方法可有效避免低高度角卫星对模糊度固定的影响,从而显著提高模糊度固定时的成功率及Ratio值,缩短长距离基准站间模糊度准确固定所需的时间。 相似文献
15.
针对目前非差精密单点定位增强信息无法直接用于RTK（real time kinematic）相对定位的问题，研究了基于附加坐标约束的参考站非差精密单点模糊度固定解提取非差改正信息的方法，并建立了非差增强信息与虚拟参考站观测信息等价变换模型，重点论述了空间状态域信息（state space representation，SSR）在等价变换中的区别应用。根据RTK模糊度部分固定技术，利用实测数据设计实验证明了算法的正确性与可用性。结果表明，虚拟零基线可获得与网络RTK同等精度的定位效果，从而实现了区域增强系统在非差与差分模式上的高度统一。 相似文献
16.
Improved network-based single-epoch ambiguity resolution using centralized GNSS network processing 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Network real-time kinematic (NRTK) positioning is today’s industry standard for high-precision applications. Once network ambiguities are fixed, the network engine processes simultaneous observations from a number of continuously operating reference stations to compute corrections for users operating within the network area. Users are treated as passive nodes of the network. However, if two-way communication is available, then users could transmit their observations to the central processing facility where the network can treat them as active nodes, densifying the existing network infrastructure. This multiple rover network (MRN) concept exploits the additional information provided by users in a GNSS network. One application is to use the shorter inter-receiver distances to improve the success rate of single-epoch ambiguity resolution. This is also the goal of the subset ambiguity resolution algorithm, which improves the single-epoch success rate by allowing a subset of ambiguities to be resolved. We present an enhanced processing strategy to complement centimeter-level single-epoch NRTK positioning. This approach combines a single-baseline and an MRN solution with the partial ambiguity resolution algorithm and is only possible for a centralized GNSS network architecture. The algorithm is tested against the standard network ambiguity resolution strategy of full-set ambiguity fixing with respect to the nearest reference station. A 24-h dataset from the Southern California Integrated GNSS network is used with a configuration of three reference stations and four users. The enhanced solution achieves a mean ambiguity resolution success rate of 83% over all four users and all epochs, compared to 32% for the conventional technique. 相似文献
17.
Fast integer least-squares estimation for GNSS high-dimensional ambiguity resolution using lattice theory 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
GNSS ambiguity resolution is the key issue in the high-precision relative geodetic positioning and navigation applications.
It is a problem of integer programming plus integer quality evaluation. Different integer search estimation methods have been
proposed for the integer solution of ambiguity resolution. Slow rate of convergence is the main obstacle to the existing methods
where tens of ambiguities are involved. Herein, integer search estimation for the GNSS ambiguity resolution based on the lattice
theory is proposed. It is mathematically shown that the closest lattice point problem is the same as the integer least-squares
(ILS) estimation problem and that the lattice reduction speeds up searching process. We have implemented three integer search
strategies: Agrell, Eriksson, Vardy, Zeger (AEVZ), modification of Schnorr–Euchner enumeration (M-SE) and modification of
Viterbo-Boutros enumeration (M-VB). The methods have been numerically implemented in several simulated examples under different
scenarios and over 100 independent runs. The decorrelation process (or unimodular transformations) has been first used to
transform the original ILS problem to a new one in all simulations. We have then applied different search algorithms to the
transformed ILS problem. The numerical simulations have shown that AEVZ, M-SE, and M-VB are about 320, 120 and 50 times faster
than LAMBDA, respectively, for a search space of dimension 40. This number could change to about 350, 160 and 60 for dimension
45. The AEVZ is shown to be faster than MLAMBDA by a factor of 5. Similar conclusions could be made using the application
of the proposed algorithms to the real GPS data. 相似文献
18.
Three carrier ambiguity resolution: distance-independent performance demonstrated using semi-generated triple frequency GPS signals 总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9
In spite of significant research in the development of efficient algorithms for three carrier ambiguity resolution, full performance
potential of the additional frequency signals cannot be demonstrated effectively without actual triple frequency data. In
addition, all the proposed algorithms showed their difficulties in reliable resolution of the medium-lane and narrow-lane
ambiguities in different long-range scenarios. In this contribution, we will investigate the effects of various distance-dependent
biases, identifying the tropospheric delay to be the key limitation for long-range three carrier ambiguity resolution. In
order to achieve reliable ambiguity resolution in regional networks with the inter-station distances of hundreds of kilometers,
a new geometry-free and ionosphere-free model is proposed to fix the integer ambiguities of the medium-lane or narrow-lane
observables over just several minutes without distance constraint. Finally, the semi-simulation method is introduced to generate
the third frequency signals from dual-frequency GPS data and experimentally demonstrate the research findings of this paper. 相似文献
19.
Integer least-squares theory for the GNSS compass 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
P. J. G. Teunissen 《Journal of Geodesy》2010,84(7):433-447
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution is the key to high-precision positioning
and attitude determination. In this contribution, we develop new integer least-squares (ILS) theory for the GNSS compass model,
together with efficient integer search strategies. It extends current unconstrained ILS theory to the nonlinearly constrained
case, an extension that is particularly suited for precise attitude determination. As opposed to current practice, our method
does proper justice to the a priori given information. The nonlinear baseline constraint is fully integrated into the ambiguity
objective function, thereby receiving a proper weighting in its minimization and providing guidance for the integer search.
Different search strategies are developed to compute exact and approximate solutions of the nonlinear constrained ILS problem.
Their applicability depends on the strength of the GNSS model and on the length of the baseline. Two of the presented search
strategies, a global and a local one, are based on the use of an ellipsoidal search space. This has the advantage that standard
methods can be applied. The global ellipsoidal search strategy is applicable to GNSS models of sufficient strength, while
the local ellipsoidal search strategy is applicable to models for which the baseline lengths are not too small. We also develop
search strategies for the most challenging case, namely when the curvature of the non-ellipsoidal ambiguity search space needs
to be taken into account. Two such strategies are presented, an approximate one and a rigorous, somewhat more complex, one.
The approximate one is applicable when the fixed baseline variance matrix is close to diagonal. Both methods make use of a
search and shrink strategy. The rigorous solution is efficiently obtained by means of a search and shrink strategy that uses
non-quadratic, but easy-to-evaluate, bounding functions of the ambiguity objective function. The theory presented is generally
valid and it is not restricted to any particular GNSS or combination of GNSSs. Its general applicability also applies to the
measurement scenarios (e.g. single-epoch vs. multi-epoch, or single-frequency vs. multi-frequency). In particular it is applicable
to the most challenging case of unaided, single frequency, single epoch GNSS attitude determination. The success rate performance
of the different methods is also illustrated. 相似文献
20.
This paper describes a low earth orbiter micro-satellite attitude determination algorithm using GPS phase and pseudorange
data as the only observables. It is designed to run in real-time, at a rate of 10 Hz, on-board the spacecraft, using minimal
chip and memory resources. The spacecraft design includes four GPS antennas deployed on boom arms to improve the antenna separations.
The boom arms feature smart sensors, from which time-varying deformation data are used to calculate changes in the body-fixed
system (BFS) co-ordinates of the attitude antennas. These data are used as input to the attitude algorithm to improve the
accuracy of the output.
The conventional double-difference phase observation equations have been re-arranged so that the only unknown parameters in
the functions (once the ambiguities have been determined) are the spacecraft Euler angles. This greatly increases the redundancy
in the mathematical model, and is exploited to enhance the algorithm's ability to trap observations contaminated by unmodelled
multipath. This approach has been shown to be successful in identifying phase outliers at the 5–10 mm level. Speed of execution
of the program is improved by utilising numerical differentiation of the model equations in the linearisation process. Furthermore,
as the number of solve-for parameters is reduced to three by the chosen mathematical model, matrix inversion requirements
are minimised. A novel approach to ambiguity resolution and determination of initial estimates of the attitude parameters
has been developed utilising a heuristic technique and the known, and time varying, BFS co-ordinates of the antenna array.
Algorithm testing is based on a simulation of the micro-satellite trajectory combined with variations in attitude derived
from spin-stabilisation and periodic roll and pitch parameters. The trajectory of the spacecraft centre of mass was calculated
by numerical integration of a force model using Earth gravity field parameters, third body effects due to the Sun and the
Moon, dynamic Earth tide effects (solar and lunar), and a solar radiation pressure model. Frame transformations between J2000
and ITRF97 used the IERS conventions. A similar approach was used to calculate the trajectories of all available GPS satellites
during the same period, using initial conditions of position and velocity from IGS precise orbits. RMS differences between
the published precise orbit and the integrated satellite positions were at the 5-mm level. Phase observables are derived from
these trajectories, biased by simulation of receiver and satellite clock errors, cycle slips, random or systematic noise and
initial integer ambiguities. In the actual simulation of the attitude determination process in orbit, GPS satellite positions
are calculated using broadcast ephemerides.
The results show that the aim of 0.05° (two sigma) attitude precision can be met provided that the phase noise can be reduced
to the level of 1–2 mm. Attitude precision was found to vary strongly with constellation geometry, which can change quite
rapidly depending on the variations in spacecraft attitude. The redundancy in the mathematical model was found to be very
effective in trapping and isolating cycle slips to the double difference observations that are contaminated. This allows for
the possibility of correcting for cycle slips without full recourse to the ambiguity resolution algorithm.
Electronic Publication 相似文献