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1.
M. Piniewski M. Szcześniak I. Kardel T. Berezowski T. Okruszko R. Srinivasan 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(8):1266-1289
This paper presents a large-scale application of the SWAT model for water balance and natural streamflow simulation in the entire basins of the Vistula and the Odra, covering most of the territory of Poland. A tailored calibration approach was designed to achieve satisfactory goodness-of-fit across a range of catchment sizes. Model calibration and evaluation driven by high-resolution climate data showed overall good behaviour for 80 benchmark catchments divided into eight clusters, and spatial evaluation for 30 gauges showed that the designed regionalization scheme performed well (median KGE of 0.76). Basin-averaged estimates of blue and green water flow and green water storage estimated using the calibrated model were 185, 517 and 206 mm, respectively. This study provides a basis for future work, such as assessing climate change impacts on hydrology, assessing flow alterations, and water quality simulation. The model output is publicly available through an online research data archive (doi:10.4121/uuid:b8ab4f5f-f692-4c93-a910-2947aea28f42).
EDITOR A. CastellarinASSOCIATE EDITOR G. Thirel 相似文献
2.
Mediterranean lake–wetland systems are threatened by climate change and intensive human impacts. Individual lake responses to these threats are poorly known but urgently required to steer preservation strategies. The dramatic water-level fall (~8 m since 1987) of Lake Megali Prespa endangers this global biodiversity hotspot and the wider catchment’s water resources. Annual lake fluctuations are found to be strongly related to wet-season (Oct.–Apr.) precipitation variability, which is linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation. The lake primarily adjusts to sustained inflow changes through amending surface evaporation. Cumulative water abstraction since 1951 (~19 × 106 m3/year: ~0.006% of lake volume) explains ~70% of the long-term decrease in surface evaporation; climate variability explains the remainder. Persistent low lake levels after 1995 are caused by water abstraction. Compared to 1952/53–1977/78, the period 1978/79–2003/04 experienced significant decreases in wet-season precipitation, snowfall and discharge; the number of very dry years increased.
EDITOR A. Castellarin; ASSOCIATE EDITOR D. Gerten 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACTThe impacts of future climate change on the agricultural water supply capacities of irrigation facilities in the Geum River basin (9645.5 km2) of South Korea were investigated using an integrated modeling framework that included a water balance network model (MODSIM) and a watershed-scale hydrologic model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT). The discharges and baseflows from upland drainage areas were estimated using SWAT, and the predicted flow was used to feed agricultural reservoirs and multipurpose dams in subwatersheds. Using a split sampling method, we calibrated the daily streamflows and dam inflows at three locations using data from 6 years, including 3 years of calibration data (2005–2007) followed by 3 years of validation data (2008–2010). In the MODSIM model, the entire basin was divided into 14 subwatersheds in which various agricultural irrigation facilities such as agricultural reservoirs, pumping stations, diversions, culverts and groundwater wells were defined as a network of hydraulic structures within each subwatershed. These hydraulic networks between subwatersheds were inter-connected to allow watershed-scale analysis and were further connected to municipal and industrial water supplies under various hydrologic conditions. Projected climate data from the HadGEM3-RA RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios for the period of 2006–2099 were imported to SWAT to calculate the water yield, and the output was transferred to MODSIM in the form of time-series boundary conditions. The maximum shortage rate of agricultural water was estimated as 38.2% for the 2040s and 2080s under the RCP 4.5 scenario but was lower under the RCP 8.5 scenario (21.3% in the 2040s and 22.1% in the 2080s). Under the RCP 4.5 scenario, the projected shortage rate was higher than that during the measured baseline period (1982–2011) of 25.6% and the RCP historical period (1982–2005) of 30.1%. The future elevated drought levels are primarily attributed to the increasingly concentrated rainfall distribution throughout the year under a monsoonal climate, as projected by the IPCC climate scenarios.
EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACTIntegrated two-dimensional electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and hydrochemical surveys were used to investigate the groundwater alluvial aquifer in Kuala Langat, Malaysia. The study in the Langat basin considered the thickness of the aquifer, the depth of the bedrock, the regions influenced by seawater intrusion, and the monitoring of water levels. The resistivity imaging results show that the upper layer consists of clay, while the second layer is an aquifer whose thickness varies mostly in the range of 10–30 m, and in some cases extends to 40 m. The bedrock depth varies from 30 to 65 m. The chemical analyses were carried out on groundwater samples from nine boreholes collected between 2008 and 2012. The analyses indicate that the total dissolved solids (TDS) exceed 1000 mg L-1 near the coastal area and are often less than 500 mg L-1 further inland. The ERI and hydrochemical analyses reveal that groundwater in the study area, especially towards the coast, is a mixture of brackish and fresh waters.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR M.D. Fidelibus 相似文献
5.
Pierre Polsenaere Nicolas Savoye Henri Etcheber Mathieu Canton Dominique Poirier Steven Bouillon Gwenaël Abril 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2013,75(2):299-319
We measured spatial and temporal variations in carbon concentrations, isotopic compositions and exports during a complete hydrological cycle in nine watercourses draining a lowland forested podzolized catchment, flowing into the Arcachon lagoon (France). In addition, integrated fluxes of CO2 across the water-atmosphere interface were estimated to assess the relative importance of CO2 evasion versus lateral carbon transport at the catchment scale. Watercourse similarities and specificities linked to the local catchment characteristics are discussed and compared with other riverine systems. Low concentrations of suspended particulate matter and particulate organic carbon (POC) were generally measured in all the watercourses (8.4 ± 3.4 and 1.6 ± 0.6 mg L?1, respectively), reflecting limited mechanical soil erosion. The generally high POC content in the suspended matter (20 %), low Chl a concentrations (1.3 ± 1.4 μg L?1) and the relatively constant δ13C-POC value (near ?28 ‰) throughout the year reveal this POC originates from terrestrial C3 plant and soil detritus. The presence of podzols leads to high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC; 6.6 ± 2.2 mg L?1). Similarly, high dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations were measured in the Arcachon lagoon catchment (5.9 ± 2.2 mg L?1). The δ13C-DIC value around ?20 ‰ throughout the year in many small watercourses reveals the predominance of terrestrial carbon mineralisation and silicate rock weathering in soils as the major DIC source. With pCO2 between 1,000 and 10,000 ppmv, all watercourses were a source of CO2 to the atmosphere, particularly during the low river stage. Organic carbon parameters remained relatively stable throughout the year, whereas DIC parameters showed strong seasonal contrasts closely linked to the hydrological regime and hyporheic flows. In total, the carbon export from the Arcachon watershed was estimated at 15,870 t C year?1 or 6 t C km?2 year?1, mostly exported to the lagoon as DOC (35 %), DIC (24 %) and lost as CO2 degassing to the atmosphere (34 %). 相似文献
6.
Wilson Y. Fantong Brice T. Kamtchueng Beatrice Ketchemen-Tandia Doris Kuitcha Josephine Ndjama Alain T. Fouepe 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(16):2916-2929
ABSTRACTGroundwater is used by 3?million inhabitants in the coastal urban city of Douala, Cameroon, but comprehensive data are too sparse for it to be managed in a sustainable manner. Hence this study aimed to (1) assess the potability of the groundwater; (2) evaluate the spatial variation of groundwater composition; and (3) assess the interaction and recharge mechanisms of different water bodies. Hydrogeochemical tools and methods revealed the following results in the Wouri and Nkappa formations of the Douala basin, which is beneath Douala city: 30% of water samples from hand-dug wells in the shallow Pleistocene alluvium aquifer were saline and highly mineralized. However, water from boreholes in the deeper (49–92 m depth) Palaeocene aquifer was saline-free, less mineralized and potable. Water in the shallow aquifer (0.5–22 m depth) was of Na+-K+-Cl?-NO3? type and not potable due to point source pollution, whereas Ca+-HCO3? unpolluted water dominates in the deeper aquifer. Water in the deep and shallow aquifers indicates the results of preferential flow pass and evaporative recharge, respectively. Possible hydrogeochemical processes include point source pollution, reverse ion exchange, remote recharge areas and mixing of waters with different chemical signatures.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis ASSOCIATE EDITOR M.D. Fidelibus 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTThis study assesses the sensitivity to model fitting methods and segment selection of the estimated parameters A and B of the model dQ/dt = ?AQB for individual events. We investigated about 750 recession events observed at 25 US Geological Survey gauges in the Iowa and Cedar river basins in the United States, with drainage areas ranging from 7 to 17 000 km2. The parameters of these recession events were estimated using three commonly adopted methods and recession segments with different extraction criteria. The results showed that the variations of the parameter estimates for the same recession event were comparable to the variations of parameters between different events due to using different model fitting methods and recession segments. This raises cautions for comparative analysis of individual recessions. The result also implies that the nonlinear direct fitting method is the most robust among the three model fitting methods compared.
EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz ASSOCIATE EDITOR T. Okruszko 相似文献
8.
Vassilis Z. Antonopoulos Soultana K. Gianniou Athanasios V. Antonopoulos 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(14):2590-2599
ABSTRACTEvaporation is one of the most important components in the energy and water budgets of lakes and is a primary process of water loss from their surfaces. An artificial neural network (ANN) technique is used in this study to estimate daily evaporation from Lake Vegoritis in northern Greece and is compared with the classical empirical methods of Penman, Priestley-Taylor and the mass transfer method. Estimation of the evaporation over the lake is based on the energy budget method in combination with a mathematical model of water temperature distribution in the lake. Daily datasets of air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity, sunshine hours and evaporation are used for training and testing of ANN models. Several input combinations and different ANN architectures are tested to detect the most suitable model for predicting lake evaporation. The best structure obtained for the ANN evaporation model is 4-4-1, with root mean square error (RMSE) from 0.69 to 1.35 mm d?1 and correlation coefficient from 0.79 to 0.92.
EDITOR M.C. AcremanASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACTEvaluation of a recession-based “top-down” model for distributed hourly runoff simulation in macroscale mountainous catchments is rare in the literature. We evaluated such a model for a 3090 km2 boreal catchment and its internal sub-catchments. The main research question is how the model performs when parameters are either estimated from streamflow recession or obtained by calibration. The model reproduced observed streamflow hydrographs (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency up to 0.83) and flow duration curves. Transferability of parameters to the sub-catchments validates the performance of the model, and indicates an opportunity for prediction in ungauged sites. However, the cases of parameter estimation and calibration excluding the effects of runoff routing underestimate peak flows. The lower end of the recession and the minimum length of recession segments included are the main sources of uncertainty for parameter estimation. Despite the small number of calibrated parameters, the model is susceptible to parameter uncertainty and identifiability problems.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR A. Carsteanu 相似文献
10.
Yeugeniy M. Gusev Vladimir A. Semenov Olga N. Nasonova Evgeny E. Kovalev 《水文科学杂志》2017,62(8):1181-1199
Assessments of hydrological response to climatic changes are characterized by different types of uncertainties. Here, the uncertainty caused by weather noise associated with the chaotic character of atmospheric processes is considered. A technique for estimating such uncertainty in simulated water balance components based on application of the land surface model SWAP and the climate model ECHAM5 is described. The technique is applied for estimating the uncertainties in the simulated water balance components (precipitation, river runoff and evapotranspiration) of some northern river basins of Russia. It is shown that the larger the area of a basin the less the uncertainty. This dependency is smoothed by differences in natural conditions of the basins. Analysis of the spectral densities of water balance components shows that a river basin filters out high-frequency harmonics of spectral density of precipitation (corresponding to synoptic or sub-seasonal scale) during its transformation into evapotranspiration and especially into runoff.
EDITOR D. KoutsoyiannisASSOCIATE EDITOR H. Kreibich 相似文献
11.
Climate change impacts on surface water resources in the Rheraya catchment (High Atlas,Morocco) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
This study aimed to quantify possible climate change impacts on runoff for the Rheraya catchment (225 km2) located in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco, south of Marrakech city. Two monthly water balance models, including a snow module, were considered to reproduce the monthly surface runoff for the period 1989?2009. Additionally, an ensemble of five regional climate models from the Med-CORDEX initiative was considered to evaluate future changes in precipitation and temperature, according to the two emissions scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The future projections for the period 2049?2065 under the two scenarios indicate higher temperatures (+1.4°C to +2.6°C) and a decrease in total precipitation (?22% to ?31%). The hydrological projections under these climate scenarios indicate a significant decrease in surface runoff (?19% to ?63%, depending on the scenario and hydrological model) mainly caused by a significant decline in snow amounts, related to reduced precipitation and increased temperature. Changes in potential evapotranspiration were not considered here, since its estimation over long periods remains a challenge in such data-sparse mountainous catchments. Further work is required to compare the results obtained with different downscaling methods and different hydrological model structures, to better reproduce the hydro-climatic behaviour of the catchment.
EDITOR M.C. AcremanASSOCIATE EDITOR R. Hirsch 相似文献
12.
Characterizing replenishment water,lake water and groundwater interactions by numerical modelling in arid regions: a case study of Shahu Lake 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
In order to maintain the scenic and eco-environmental values of a lake, we need to characterize its water interactions. Shahu Lake was used as a case study to show the interactions among replenishment water, lake water and groundwater in an arid region. Shahu Lake is located in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of northwest China and has an area of 13.96 km2 and an average depth of 2.2 m. The groundwater modelling software MODFLOW was used. The analysis results show that hydraulic connectivity among replenishment water, lake water and groundwater is the crucial driving factor that affects the water level in Shahu Lake. The lake water level is highly sensitive to the volume of replenishment water. The groundwater is of great importance in balancing the water level in the lake and preventing it from drying up. It was determined that 13.8 × 106 m3/yr is the optimal volume of replenishment water for Shahu Lake in order to maintain the lake level at its normal state and also to make the best use of available water resources on a long-term basis. Understanding of the water interactions can promote effective management of water resources in Shahu Lake.
EDITOR D. KoutsoyiannisASSOCIATE EDITOR D. Hughes 相似文献
13.
The hydrology and nitrogen biogeochemistry of a riparian zone were compared before and after the construction of beaver dams along an agricultural stream in southern Ontario, Canada. The beaver dams increased surface flooding and raised the riparian water table by up to 1·0 m. Increased hydraulic gradients inland from the stream limited the entry of oxic nitrate‐rich subsurface water from adjacent cropland. Permeable riparian sediments overlying dense till remained saturated during the summer and autumn months, whereas before dam construction a large area of the riparian zone was unsaturated in these seasons each year. Beaver dam construction produced significant changes in riparian groundwater chemistry. Median dissolved oxygen concentrations were lower in riparian groundwater after dam construction (0·9–2·1 mg L?1) than in the pre‐dam period (2·3–3·9 mg L?1). Median NO3‐N concentrations in autumn and spring were also lower in the post‐dam (0·03–0·07 mg L?1) versus the pre‐dam period (0·1–0·3 mg L?1). In contrast, median NH4‐N concentrations in autumn and spring months were higher after dam construction (0·3–0·4 mg L?1) than before construction (0·13–0·14 mg L?1). Results suggest that beaver dams can increase stream inflow to riparian areas that limit water table declines and increase depths of saturated riparian soils which become more anaerobic. These changes in subsurface hydrology and chemistry have the potential to affect the transport and transformation of nitrate fluxes from adjacent cropland in agricultural landscapes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACTConstructed wetlands can be used for reducing nonpoint-source pollution and providing ecological services in a watershed. This paper presents a field monitoring study on water quality improvement in constructed wetlands of five cells in series. The wetland system covers 59.9 ha, or 0.08% of the watershed area; it diverts 7.3 million m3 (hm3) water (or 4.3% annual flow) from a degraded river. The results showed that the hydraulic retention times (HRT) of the five cells ranged from 5 to 15 days, 18.4% inflow was lost to seepage and increased evapotranspiration (ET) in the wetlands; the wetlands retained 99.1% total suspended solids (TSS), 60.9% total phosphorus (TP), and 54.4% total nitrogen (TN) from the inflow. Major reductions of TSS and TP were observed in the first two large cells that occupied 57% of the total wetland area. The smaller cells did not show advantages over the bigger ones in pollutant retention as reported in some studies. Although significant water quality benefit can be achieved by the constructed wetlands, the increased water loss may be a concern, particularly in dry regions.
EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz; ASSOCIATE EDITOR T. Okruszko 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACTA study of surface water chemistry evolution was conducted by multivariate statistical analysis and inverse geochemical modelling using the PHREEQC computer program. Using hierarchical cluster analysis the 14 sampling sites were classified into three groups (recharge, transition and discharge areas). Water chemistry changed along a flow path so that waters with Ca–HCO3 and Mg–Cl composition changed to Mg–Cl–HCO3 waters. The order of abundance of the major cations was Mg > Ca > Na > K. Their average concentrations were 21, 19, 3.6 and 2.5 mg L-1, respectively. Inverse geochemical modelling along flow paths indicated that the dissolution of sylvite and kaolinite, and precipitation of feldspars and andalusite, happened with Na entering the solution and Ca, Mg and K leaving the solution.
Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor not assigned 相似文献
16.
Edgar Rodríguez-Huerta Martí Rosas-Casals Laura Margarita Hernández-Terrones 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(3):470-486
ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to estimate the effect that climate change will have on groundwater recharge at the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The groundwater recharge is calculated from a monthly water balance model considering eight methods of potential and actual evapotranspiration. Historical data from 1961–2000 and climate model outputs from five downscaled general circulation models in the near horizon (2015–2039), with representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 are used. The results estimate a recharge of 118 ± 33 mm·year–1 (around 10% of precipitation) in the historical period. Considering the uncertainty from GCMs under different RCP and evapotranspiration scenarios, our monthly water balance model estimates a groundwater recharge of 92 ± 40 mm·year–1 (RCP4.5) and 94 ± 38 mm·year–1 (RCP8.5) which represent a reduction of 23% and 20%, respectively, a result that threatens the socio-ecological balance of the region. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe impact of climate change on hydrology and water salinity of a valuable coastal wetland (Anzali) in northern Iran is assessed using daily precipitation and temperature data from 19 models of Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5. The daily data are transiently downscaled using the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator to three climatic stations. The temperature is projected to increase by +1.6, +1.9 and +2.7°C and precipitation to decrease by 10.4%, 12.8% and 12.2% under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. The wetland hydrology and water salinity are assessed using the water balance approach and mixing equation, respectively. The upstream river flow modelled by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool is projected to reduce by up to 18%, leading to reductions in wetland volume (154 × 106 m3), area (57.47 km2) and depth (2.77 m) by 34%, 21.1% and 20.2%, respectively, under climate change, while the mean annual total dissolved solids (1675 mg/L) would increase by 49%. The reduced volume and raised salinity may affect the wetland ecology. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study relies on the use and analysis of hydro-meteorological variables, long turbidity time series (from 1988 to 2009, 21 years) and a sedimentary record to provide better understanding of the hydro-sedimentary variability of the karst system near the town of Radicatel, France. Wavelet analysis of rainfall, piezometric level and turbidity, as well as the sediment archive, show common modes of variability. A common spectral composition emphasizes the influence of climate controls. Comparison of the wavelet spectra with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) spectrum clearly highlights the control of the latter on hydro-meteorological variables at the regional level. Climatic fluctuations are recorded in the turbidity signal and in sedimentary fill, as revealed by the 5- to 8-year frequency band, which is characteristic of the NAO index. A climatic signal is recorded in both rainfall events and piezometric levels, and also in sediment transport and deposition at the scale of the local karst system. The overall climate control is also present beyond the local variations and heterogeneities.
EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis ASSOCIATE EDITOR D. Yang 相似文献