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1.
吸力贯入平板锚被用于系泊深海浮式结构,实际应用中必须预估平板锚旋转安装过程中的丢失埋深。采用大变形有限元方法探索非完全粗糙平板锚在正常固结黏土中的旋转过程。大变形有限元法通过网格重剖避免平板锚大幅值平动和转动引起的土体单元扭曲。根据平板锚旋转到达的埋深,实时更新“锚-土”界面上的摩擦剪切强度。将数值模拟结果与离心机模型试验进行对比验证,表明高岭土中平板锚表面的粗糙系数约为0.3。平板锚丢失埋深随粗糙系数的减小而增大,但粗糙系数对丢失埋深的影响受平板锚厚度比和拉力偏心比的耦合作用。厚度比和偏心比越小,粗糙系数对丢失埋深的影响越显著。 相似文献
2.
Plate anchors, such as suction embedded plate anchors and vertically driven plate anchors, offer economically attractive anchoring solutions for deep/ultra-deep water offshore developments. The rotation/keying processes of plate anchors will cause embedment losses, which lead to decreases of the uplift resistances of the anchors in normally consolidated soil. In the present paper, the keying processes of vertically installed strip and square plate anchors are simulated using the 3-D large deformation finite element method. The effects of loading eccentricity and pullout angle on the embedment loss during keying are investigated. Both the development of the uplift resistance and the soil flow mechanisms are presented. The numerical results show that the loading eccentricity e/B has a much larger effect on the embedment loss than the pullout angle does. The anchor shape has a minimal effect on the loss in anchor embedment. The shape factors (square/strip) are 1.05–1.09 for loss of embedment and 1.10–1.19 for capacity. 相似文献
3.
群锚是常见的基础形式应用较为广泛,由于群锚之间的相互作用,群锚上拔过程中锚周土体的变形破坏机制比较复杂。采用非接触式数字图像相关方法（DIC）对群锚上拔过程开展模型试验研究,分析了群锚上拔过程中上拔力-位移关系曲线特征和锚周土体变形破坏机制。试验结果表明,密实度和埋深对群锚上拔力-位移关系曲线特征具有显著影响,在相同密实度、相同埋深率下浅埋与深埋群锚与同条件下的单锚具有相似的上拔力-位移关系曲线特征;群锚抗拔承载力具有明显的叠加效应,且砂土密实度、埋深和锚间距等参数因素对群锚效应具有显著影响。通过变形场的研究,得出了砂土密实度、埋深以及锚间距对群锚效应的影响规律。 相似文献
4.
Awdhesh Kumar Choudhary Bhardwaj Pandit G. L. Sivakumar Babu 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2020,15(1):1-9
ABSTRACTVertical anchor plates are often provided to increase the performance of various geotechnical engineering structures such as sheet pile walls, bulkheads, bridge abutments and offshore structures. Hence, the safe design of such structures needs a better understanding of the 3D behaviour of the anchor plate. This paper presents and discusses the results obtained from a series of 3D finite-difference analyses of vertical square anchor plate embedded in cohesionless soil. The 3D model is found to closely predict experimental pullout load–displacement relationship. The failure mechanism observed in the numerical model is found to be very similar to the failure reported in experimental studies. For a given embedment depth, the stiffness of the breakout factor–displacement response substantially reduces with increase in anchor plate size. However, the ultimate reduction in anchor capacity is found to approximately 8% with an increase in anchor size from 0.1 to 1 m. Numerical analysis reveals that at deeper embedment depth, the friction angle of sand is the critical parameter in enhancing the performance of anchor plate. The obtained 3D model results are then compared with the published results and are found to be reasonably in good agreement with each other. 相似文献
5.
张紧式吸力锚是一种重要的深水浮式平台基础。深水环境中,海底浅层沉积物多为饱和软黏土。软黏土中平均荷载与循环荷载共同作用下吸力锚的循环承载力对其设计至关重要。根据最佳系泊点受倾斜荷载作用下吸力锚的破坏模式,假设不同破坏区土体具有相同的平均剪应力,且平均剪应力与循环剪切强度比等于吸力锚所受静荷载与静荷载和循环荷载之和的比值。结合室内土性试验获得的饱和软黏土样不固结不排水归一化循环剪切强度随归一化平均剪应力的变化关系曲线,建立了破坏区土体不排水循环剪切强度的确定方法。对不同破坏区土体阻力进行分析,按照水平应力具有连续性这一特点,构建了上部滑动楔体破坏区与深部平面流动破坏区交界深度的计算方法,进而提出了计算吸力锚循环承载力的简化极限平衡方法。采用该方法对竖向和水平破坏模式吸力锚循环承载力模型试验结果进行了预测,预测与试验结果基本吻合,最小和最大偏差分别为0.79 %和16.08 %,平均偏差为5.74 %,可较好地反映吸力锚循环承载力随循环破坏次数增加而减小的变化关系,验证了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
6.
砂土中扩体锚杆承载特性模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在25个室内模型试验基础上,研究了均质砂土中竖向拉拔扩体锚杆的几何尺寸及埋深对其承载特性的影响。试验结果表明,根据深径比的不同,扩体锚杆可以分为浅埋与深埋扩体锚杆2种形式,它们在拉拔过程中均经历了土体弹性变形阶段、非扩体锚固段-土界面剪切破坏阶段、土体弹塑性变形阶段以及剪切破坏阶段,破坏特征分别表现为整体剪切破坏与局部剪切破坏。通过扩体锚杆与普通拉力型锚杆模型试验对比发现：与普通拉力型锚杆相比,扩体锚杆极限承载力、承载比与安全性均有大幅度提高。而通过增大扩体锚固段直径的方式提高扩体锚杆承载力的优势较为明显。此外,根据承载比分析,扩体锚杆存在最优扩体锚固段直径,因此,在实际工程中应寻找一个满足需要的最优扩体锚固段尺寸以取得较好的经济效益。 相似文献
7.
Sunil M. Rangari Deepankar Choudhury D. M. Dewaikar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(2):569-580
In this paper, the limit equilibrium method is used to compute seismic passive earth pressure coefficients and the vertical uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors in presence of both horizontal and vertical pseudo-static earthquake forces. By considering a simple planar failure surface, distribution of soil reaction is obtained through the use of Kötter’s equation. Presence of pseudo-static seismic forces induces a considerable reduction in the seismic passive earth pressure coefficients. The reduction in seismic passive earth pressure coefficients increases with increase in magnitude of the earthquake accelerations in both horizontal and vertical directions and with increase in wall friction angle. The vertical uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchor is obtained for various values of soil friction angle, embedment ratio and seismic acceleration coefficients in both horizontal and vertical directions by using rigorous computational optimization. Proper justification for selected value of wall friction angle is established. Results are presented in the form of non-dimensional breakout factor for anchor. A significant reduction in breakout factor is observed in presence of both the seismic acceleration coefficients whereas breakout factor increases with increase in soil friction angle and embedment ratio even under the seismic condition. Angles of failure planes keep changing with change in seismic acceleration coefficients and failure zone shifts towards the critical direction of seismic acceleration coefficients. Present results are compared and found in good agreement with some specific available results in literature. 相似文献
8.
方形平板锚抗拉承载力的大变形有限元分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于网格重分和改进的REP应力恢复技术,建立了三维大变形有限元方法研究拉力作用下方形平板锚与黏性土地基的相互作用。与常规的小变形有限元不同,大变形分析能够完整模拟平板锚的上拔过程,如果平板锚底面与土体始终保持接触,三维大变形计算得到的方板与圆板抗拉力相差很小;在无重土中的平板在加载初始即与土体脱离时,方板的承载力略低于圆板。大变形分析给出的立即脱离承载力系数与模型试验数据基本吻合,而小变形有限元与下限分析忽略了方形平板锚的长距离上拔过程对其抗拉力的影响,可能高估深锚的承载力。改进估计方形平板锚抗拉承载力的简化方法,方便于工程应用。 相似文献
9.
当结构在土体中运动时,往往导致土体发生较大的变形,此类问题采用大变形数值分析方法更为恰当。耦合欧拉-拉格朗日（Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian, 简称CEL）法是大变形数值分析方法中的一种,在分析大变形问题时具有很强的适用性,但在国内尚未开展CEL法分析锚板承载力的研究。以方形锚板在均质土及线性土中的拔出试验为原型,基于CEL法建立数值模型,对锚板的极限承载力及破坏机制进行研究,并通过用户自定义子程序,实现了线性土的强度分布随锚板拔出而变化。计算结果表明,土体杨氏模量越大,锚板的极限承载力越大;随着位移增大,锚板的抗拔力先增大,后降低;当埋深小于临界埋深时,土体发生整体破坏;当埋深大于等于临界埋深时,土体发生局部破坏。数值计算反映的规律与试验结果基本吻合,体现了CEL法模拟锚板在海床中大位移响应的出色能力。 相似文献
10.
为确定浅埋软黏土中法向承力锚的位移破坏标准,利用实验室自行开发的电动伺服加载控制装置,对埋置在饱和软黏土中深度为3倍锚板宽度、系缆力角度为30°的法向承力锚模型进行了荷载和位移控制的静力加载试验。依据试验结果,以极限承载力与锚板宽度为参考,对锚板法向荷载与位移进行归一化处理,通过归一化曲线确定了法向承力锚的位移破坏标准,即破坏位移约为0.38倍锚板宽度。另外,依据锚板的尺寸、埋深及试验土体的强度条件,利用经验公式对锚的极限承载力进行了计算。结果表明,以该位移破坏标准确定的极限承载力与经验公式计算结果基本一致,两者相差均不超过10%,初步验证了该位移破坏标准的合理性。 相似文献
11.
鱼雷锚安装过程中,锚尖形状影响尖部贯入阻力进而影响贯入深度。基于塑性极限分析理论下限法分析不同锚尖长径比x的椭圆形锚尖的贯入阻力和贯入阻力系数,并考虑了贯入深度、锚-土界面摩擦对贯入阻力以及贯入阻力系数的影响。结果表明:(1)锚-土界面光滑时,锚尖贯入阻力系数随着锚尖长径比的增大而减小;锚-土界面粗糙时,锚尖贯入阻力系数随着锚尖长径比的增大而增大。(2)摩擦力对贯入阻力系数的影响随着ξ增大而增大。(3)随着埋置深度增加,贯入阻力系数受x影响最小时所对应的摩擦系数逐渐减小。(4)当锚-土界面摩擦系数ω 0.75时,工程中可选用ξ1的锚尖用以减小端部贯入阻力;当ω0.26时,ξ1的锚尖提供更小的端部贯入阻力。锚尖长径比ξ=0和ξ=1的下限解与前人研究的桩基和圆形结构的理论解较为一致,进一步验证了所提出的椭圆形锚尖下限法模型的可行性。 相似文献
12.
正常固结黏土中平板锚基础的吸力和抗拉力 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
平板锚是新近出现的一种系泊深海浮式结构的基础型式。当黏土地基中的平板锚承受上拔力时,平板上、下表面超静孔压差形成的吸力使其抗拉承载力显著增加,对于风浪等快速加载条件尤其如此。利用有限元软件ADINA建立有效应力形式的轴对称动力有限元模型,研究圆形平板锚在缓慢加载与快速加载时的超静孔压分布与地基破坏型式。快速加载时重黏土和高岭土两组典型正常固结土样所得极限承载力系数与塑性极限分析解一致。进而通过变动参数分析,讨论加载速率和埋深对吸力和总抗拉力极限值的影响,并给出排水和不排水加载条件对应的临界加载速率。结果表明,不排水加载条件的总抗拉力可能达到排水总抗拉力的3倍。 相似文献
13.
Shubhra Goel Shalini Nihar Ranjan Patra 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(6):1511-1525
Inclined anchors are widely used in a variety of civil engineering problems to resist oblique loads, most relevant being in
transmission towers and in rocks and dams for structural strengthening. In the present study, the breakout resistance of the
inclined anchors in sand has been worked out using limit equilibrium approach. The breakout resistance has been calculated
for different soil friction angles with varying relative depth ratio and anchor inclination. The break out factor increases
continuously with the inclination of the anchor. A comparison of predicted values of break out resistance of anchors by the
proposed analysis with the experimental values as reported by the other researchers showed reasonably good agreement. 相似文献
14.
充气锚杆在砂土中的模型试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨充气锚杆的承载特性,通过建立室内试验模型,改变锚杆充气压力大小、埋设深度、土体密度、橡胶膜长度、厚度等条件,进行了一系列的抗拔试验,得到相应的荷载-位移曲线。研究结果表明：在影响充气锚杆抗拔承载力的诸多因素中,充气压力及土体密实度与承载力成一定倍数增长关系,是最显著的影响因素;其次是橡胶膜长度,成显著线性增长关系;充气锚杆的极限位移主要来自橡胶膜的弹塑性变形,反映了充气锚杆在抗拔过程中橡胶膜的力学行为;通过与常用锚杆的对比分析,得出充气锚杆的极限抗拔承载能力约是单锚片螺旋锚的4.3倍,是双锚片螺旋锚的1.9倍,其极限侧阻力约为一般注浆扩大头锚杆的2～4倍 相似文献
15.
为了确定软土中张紧式吸力锚的破坏标准,采用自主研发的电动伺服加载装置,在荷载和位移控制方式下进行了张紧式吸力锚在最佳系泊点受静荷载作用的承载力模型试验。结果表明：不同的破坏模式,锚破坏时对应的位移也不同。当锚为竖向破坏时,对应锚沿系泊方向的位移约为0.6倍的锚径;当锚为水平破坏时,对应锚沿系泊方向的位移约为0.3倍的锚径。同时,按照模型试验所得的破坏标准确定的吸力锚的极限承载力与极限分析法的预测结果吻合较好。对足尺锚进行了有限元分析,将分析结果与极限分析法的预测结果进行比较,验证了模型试验所得位移破坏标准的合理性。 相似文献
16.
The uplift response of symmetrical anchor plates with and without geogrid reinforcement layers has been evaluated in model tests and numerical simulations using PLAXIS. Many parameters of the reinforcement layers were used to reinforce the sandy soil over circular, square, and rectangular symmetrical anchor plates of various sizes. In the current research, different parameters, such as relative density of sand and embedment ratios, in conjunction with geogrid reinforcement layer parameters including size, number of layers, and the proximity of the layer to the circular anchor plate, were investigated in a scale model. The failure mechanism and the associated rupture surface were observed and evaluated. Test results showed that using geogrid reinforcement layers significantly improves the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates. It was found that inclusion of one geogrid layer resting directly on top of the symmetrical anchor plate was more effective in enhancing the symmetrical anchor capacity than the layer itself. It was also found that the inclusion of one geogrid layer on the symmetrical anchor plate improved the uplift capacity more than the same symmetrical anchor plate embedded without a reinforcement layer. The single geogrid layer was also more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity compared to the multiple geogrid layer reinforcement approach. In general, the results show that the uplift capacity of symmetrical anchor plates in loose and dense sand can be significantly increased by the inclusion of geogrid layers. It was also observed that the inclusion of geogrid layers reduces the requirement for a higher L/D ratio to achieve the required uplift capacity. The results of the laboratory and numerical analysis are found to be in agreement in terms of the breakout factor and failure mechanism pattern. 相似文献
17.
以极限分析上限理论为基础,利用旋转块体集的组合来构造条形锚板的运动许可速度场。分析了不排水黏土中深埋和浅埋条形锚板的抗拔承载力上限解,研究了锚板在不同埋置倾角和深度条件下的抗拔承载力和破坏面的特性,并将计算结果与已有计算方法进行了对比。分析结果表明：在不排水黏土中深埋条形锚板抗拔承载力与锚板的埋置方位和锚板的粗糙度无关,但完全光滑条件下破坏面扇圆部分的半径只有完全粗糙条件下的一半;在考虑无重土情况下浅埋条形锚板的抗拔承载力系数随锚板埋深比的增大而增大,破坏面也随埋深比的增加而逐渐扩大。所得上限解与已有文献解答较为吻合,而且求解所得破坏面更为直观,能为工程设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
18.
Ahmed M. Fahmy John R. de Bruyn T. A. Newson 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(5):1525-1542
Two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis has been used to simulate the inclined pullout behavior of strip anchors embedded in cohesive soil. Previous studies by other researchers were mainly concerned with plate anchors subjected to loads perpendicular to their longest axis and applied through the centre of mass. This paper investigates the behavior of vertical anchors subjected to pullout forces applied at various inclinations with respect to the longest anchor axis, and applied at the anchor top and through the centre of mass. The effects on the pullout behavior of embedment depth, overburden pressure, soil–anchor interface strength, anchor thickness, rate of clay strength increase, anchor inclination, load inclination and soil disturbance due to anchor installation were all studied. Anchor capacity is shown to increase with load inclination angle for anchors loaded through the centre of mass; greater effects are found for higher embedments. The results also show that anchor capacity improves at a decreasing rate with higher rates of increase of soil shear strength with depth. In addition, the capacity of vertically loaded anchors is shown to approximately double when the soil–anchor interface condition changes from fully separated to fully bonded. Similarly, disturbed clay strengths adjacent to the anchor following installation cause a significant reduction in anchor capacity. The results showed a significant effect of the point of load application for anchors inclined and normally loaded. The effects of other parameters, such as anchor thickness, were found to be less significant. 相似文献
19.
锚板在正常固结黏土中的承载力 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在岩土工程中,锚板通常被用来提供竖直或水平抗拔力,比如发射塔的基础、板桩墙结构和悬浮式海洋平台的基础。采用弹-塑性有限元方法对正常固结不排水黏土中的条形锚板进行数值分析,以图表形式给出了不同埋深率、不同上拔倾角、不同锚-土黏结形式下条形锚板的承载力系数和周围土体的流动机构,分析了土体自重对锚板承载力的影响,并给出了不同情况下锚板的极限承载力系数。采用基于重新划分网格并插值状态变量的大变形分析方法（RITSS）,分析了正常固结黏土中锚板在连续拔出过程中的承载力变化以及土重对锚-土分离模式的影响。 相似文献
20.
由于在抗拔承载力和深水安装中的优势,拖曳锚在深水系泊系统中具有良好的发展前景。在拖曳锚安装过程中,安装缆绳和锚之间存在复杂的相互作用,安装缆绳在海床土中的反悬链形态将直接影响锚的嵌入和运动,对反悬链形态的研究有助于提高锚的嵌入性能、准确预测锚的运动轨迹以及解决锚在安装中的精确定位问题。基于嵌入缆单元在海床土中的力学模型,推导出适用于黏性土和无黏性土的反悬链方程,利用该方程可求出安装缆绳在海床土中的反悬链形态;通过在缆绳上布置倾角传感器并运用圆弧递推方法,设计出可实时测量嵌入缆形态的试验技术,为验证试验技术的合理性,在空气中分别选取3种典型缆绳形态进行模拟,结果表明：模拟形态与真实形态吻合良好,并具有较高精度;利用实时测量技术开展模型试验,对反悬链方程进行了考察,验证了其模拟嵌入缆反悬链形态的精度,并获取了对拖曳锚安装过程中反悬链形态变化规律的直观认识。 相似文献