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1.
《岩土力学》2017,(12):3643-3648
利用集集地震静力触探试验(CPT)数据,对基于CPT测试的Robertson液化判别方法和Olsen方法进行了检验,两个方法对液化点判别成功率分别为82.61%和80.43%,对非液化点判别成功率分别为31.82%和44.32%。CPT液化判别方法对液化点判别基本可靠,但对非液化点判别准确性较差。对集集地震标准贯入试验(SPT)数据,美国地震工程研究中心(NCEER)推荐的SPT液化判别方法对液化点和非液化点判别成功率分别达到92.41%和94.35%。SPT方法判别成功率非常高,整体准确性远高于CPT方法。另一方面,CPT的土分类图可以同时反映土的种类与强度,甚至可以对集集地震液化土与非液化土进行区分。对于细粒土的液化初判,CPT土分类图也优于SPT方法中的黏粒含量指标。因此,土分类图是CPT的优势所在。 相似文献
2.
我国规范液化分析方法的发展设想 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析我国地震形势、液化震害潜在威胁以及震害防御工作现状,阐明了我国发展液化分析方法的客观需求,简要评述了我国规范中现有液化判别方法,总结了我国近来两次大地震液化考察经验,提出了与规范修订相关的研究设想。通过我国地震安全性评价工作的发展现状以及我国大陆地震重点监视区与第四纪沉积分布性态分析,说明了我国发展液化分析方法的必要性和紧迫性。根据2003年新疆巴楚地震和2008年汶川大地震中液化震害考察结果,比较我国规范现状,提出了与未来规范的完善和发展相关的10个研究课题,包括：液化对设计谱的影响、 特殊土类液化判定标准、区域性的液化判别标准、场地液化概率评价、基于液化土层PGD的结构物损害估计、液化引起地裂缝的生成条件、基于剪切波速的液化判别方法、VI度区内场地液化及危害性判定、深层土液化判定以及场地液化的现场判定和识别技术 相似文献
3.
历史地震液化调查数据是液化判别方法构建、改进以及验证的重要基础,也是检验现有液化认识和理论的主要标准。通过吸收我国集集、巴楚和松原等地震液化数据,将基于标准贯入试验（standard penetration test,简称SPT）锤击数的液化数据量库从121个增至465个。采用该液化数据库,对比研究了我国建筑抗震设计规范液化判别方法（简称建规法）、2个双曲线模型以及循环剪应力比CSR简化方法等4种基于SPT液化判别方法的可靠性。结果显示：2个双曲线模型能够很好地判别液化和非液化数据,成功率超过85%,对液化数据和非液化数据的判别成功率保持均衡;建规法以及CSR简化方法判别结果存在不足;地震烈度为7度区液化数据和非液化数据混合情况较多,不同液化判别公式判别效果均不够理想,而对8度区和9度区液化数据,4种方法判别成功率较高;与以往液化概率判别公式对比,基于CSR计算方法,采用新液化数据给出的液化风险评估概率判别公式虽然采用数据量不同,但公式预测临界线匹配良好;建规法存在明显不足,对饱和砂层埋深大于10 m的深层土液化判别结果过于保守。研究成果可为改进我国规范中液化判别方法提供参考。 相似文献
4.
近来地震液化灾害频发,再次成为研究重点,发展具有良好应用前景的基于静力触探试验（CPT）的液化判别方法对预防液化灾害具有重要意义。以Boulanger数据库171组数据为回归样本,分析既有方法存在的问题,提出了基于CPT液化判别的双曲线模型和计算公式,并通过提取2011年新西兰地震147组液化新数据,对该方法进行对比检验。研究表明,我国岩土工程勘察规范的CPT液化判别方法对浅埋砂层偏于保守,对深层土又明显偏于危险,而国际上具有代表性的Robertson方法,其液化临界线存在低烈度区不合理回弯、高烈度区又偏于保守的问题。提出的新公式在不同地震动强度和砂层埋深下均可给出合理判别结果,克服了国内外既有方法的缺点,并纳入到具有样板规范性质的《建筑工程抗震性态设计通则》修订稿中,可为我国相关规范修订和工程应用提供支持。 相似文献
5.
现有液化识别方法对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
场地液化实时监测和报警是减轻液化灾害的新途径,其核心技术是建立依据强震记录对液化场地进行反演识别的方法。采用统一样本,其中尽可能多地包含软土场地地震动记录,按场地类别对目前国内外现有的Suzuki法、Miyajima法、KY法和SY法等4种主要液化识别方法的可靠性进行了对比分析,提出评价结果及改进建议。分析表明：对全部样本,SY法、Suzuki法、KY法和Miyajima法识别成功率依次为98%、85%、77%和52%;Suzuki法、KY法和Miyajima法的成功率受场地类别影响显著,随场地变软而明显降低,对D类场地识别成功率均在55%以下;Suzuki法、Miyajima法和KY法均采用与绝对周期相关的参数作为判别指标,而软土与液化场地上存在明显交叉,极易导致误判;SY法选取地震动参数的相对变化作为识别指标,即使对D类场地成功率也达到92%,但其方法中仍有若干细节需要进一步探讨和改进 相似文献
6.
分析国际上现有液化场地剪切波速473组数据进行参数特征后,以此为基础,采用分区方法,利用成熟的Logistic模型,提出了以地表峰值加速度、剪切波速、地下水位、可液化层埋深等4个参数表达的土体液化概率计算公式和不同概率下液化临界值计算公式,研究了不同概率水平下公式的适用性,并与现有主要方法进行比较。研究表明:地震动强度为液化判别首要影响参数,液化层与非液化层剪切波速区分度不显著,采用以往一个公式构造液化判别公式的方式难以要达到基本要求;现有Andrus公式和石兆吉公式会将很多明显为非液化的场地误判为液化场地,违背了现有认识,达到了不可接受的程度,需要改进。文中公式取50%概率时液化点和非液化点回判成功率符合对等原则,不同烈度下成功率均在70%左右;总体看,公式表现良好,可为中国工程建设提供一个合理、可操作性强的剪切波速液化概率判别方法。 相似文献
7.
本文利用经验判别法和试验－分析法对荆沙长江公路大桥主桥墩基场地的地震液化进行了综合判别。对现在使用的有关地震液化判别“规范”的应用范围进行了拓展，虽然是初次尝试，但作者认为效果良好。 相似文献
8.
基于Logistic回归模型的砂土液化概率评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以国内外23次地震中200组场地液化实测数据为基础,通过Logistic回归分析,建立关联修正标准贯入击数N160cs与循环应力比CSR的液化概率模型。以50 %液化概率水平为液化与非液化的临界点,建立了指数形式的抗液化应力比CRR计算式,新建概率模型预测饱和砂土液化与非液化的成功率分别为85.71 %和76.14 %,具有较高的可靠性。与已有模型比较,使用了新的数据和修正系数,消除了一些不合理的偏差,总体判别结果偏于安全。为了将确定性分析方法与概率分析方法联系起来,建立了抗液化安全系数FS与液化概率PL的关系式。算例结果表明,新建概率模型简单、实用、可靠。 相似文献
9.
10.
砂土液化判别方法可靠性评价 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
在进行液化评价简化法与规范液化判别方法对比基础上，利用液化概率的对数回归方程，讨论了规范液化判别方法的可靠性。研究结果表明，我国规范液化判别方法其液化概率变动较大，对于烈度 Ⅶ 度，规范法的液化概率在0.17～0.42间，小于简化法概率0.36～0.43，偏保守。对于烈度 Ⅷ 度和 Ⅸ 度近地表场地，规范法的液化概率高达0.65～0.70，远远高于简化法的液化概率，安全裕度不够。对于含粘粒土质液化评价，规范方法的液化概率总体上都较简化法高，特别是烈度Ⅷ度高粘粒含量其液化概率为0.9。 相似文献
11.
One of the major causes of earthquake damage is liquefaction. However, it doesn't result in severe harm unless it leads to ground surface damage or ground failure. Therefore, prediction of potential for ground surface damage due to liquefaction is one of the important issues in microzonation studies for liquefaction-induced damage in areas with high seismicity. In 1985, based on a database compiled from Chinese and Japanese earthquakes, Ishihara considered the influence of the non-liquefied cap soil on the occurrence or non-occurrence of ground failure (mainly sand boiling), and proposed an empirical approach to predict the potential for ground surface damage at sites susceptible to liquefaction. However, some investigators indicated that this approach is not generally valid for sites susceptible to lateral spread or ground oscillation. In this study, a contribution to improve the approach by Ishihara is made. For the purpose, an index called liquefaction severity index (LSI) and data from two devastating earthquakes, which occurred in Turkey and Taiwan in 1999, were employed. The data from liquefied and non-liquefied sites were grouped and then analysed. Based on the observations reported by reconnaissance teams who visited both earthquake sites and the results of the liquefaction potential analyses using the filed-performance data, a chart to assess the potential for ground surface disruption at liquefaction-prone areas was produced. The analyses suggest that the procedure proposed by Ishihara is quite effective particularly for the occurrence of sand boils, while the bounds suggested in this method generally may not be valid for the prediction of liquefaction-induced ground surface disruption at sites susceptible to lateral spreading. The chart proposed in this study shows an improvement over the Ishihara's approach for predicting the liquefaction-induced ground surface damage. The microzonation maps comparing the liquefaction sites observed along the southern shore of Izmit Bay and in Yuanlin, and the surface damage and non-damage zones predicted from the proposed chart can identify accurately the liquefaction (sand boiling and lateral spreading) and no-liquefaction sites. 相似文献
12.
研究液化场地和非液化场地上地表地震加速度记录的时频曲线,提出频率下降率概念和计算方法,给出液化场地和非液化场地频率下降率的分界值。加速度时频曲线采用零交法进行分析,非液化场地包含软土场地和除去软土场地后的一般非液化场地。结果表明：①所定义的频率下降率的概念和计算方法,能够反映液化和非液化场地地表加速度时频响应特征和变化规律;②峰值前,在平均意义上液化场地与一般非液化场地平均频率相差不大,软土场地上的平均频率远小于一般非液化场地和液化场地;③峰值后,在平均意义上一般非液化场地加速度平均频率最高,软土场地居中,液化场地最低;④软土场地与液化场地峰值后平均频率范围有交叉,如以加速度时频曲线绝对变化量为判断标准,软土场地和液化场地会出现混淆;⑤液化场地和非液化场地的加速度频率下降率的分界值为0.5,以此可正确区分出液化场地与非液化场地以及液化场地与软土场地。 相似文献
13.
通过对2011年新西兰发生的6.3级地震中获取的硬土场地、软土场地和液化场地强震记录实测资料进行分析,研究包括3种类型场地的地震动特征及其相互关系。分析的强震记录为震中距小于50 km,且峰值大于0.05g的23个场地上的加速度记录,其中含3个硬场地、11个软场地和9个液化场地。3种类型场地上的放大系数谱对比分析表明,硬土场地、软土场地和液化场地上的地震动特征具有明显区别,三者层次清晰,差别显著,从地震动表现上液化场地已构成一个与常规场地并列的独立单元;液化场地减少地震动高频分量但同时对低频分量显著放大,与非液化场地相比,液化场地可使其上短周期结构反应减小一半,但同时可使其上长周期结构反应放大2.5～5.0倍;土层的液化对此次地震中克莱斯特彻奇市中心CTV大楼的破坏应有很大影响,大楼自振周期约为0.7 s,地震中土层液化使场地加速度反应谱卓越周期由0.1～0.3 s增到0.5～1.0 s,与大楼的自振周期趋于吻合,加重了大楼震害。以此为鉴,按现有规范中地震动的设计方法,如遇液化场地将对长周期结构给出明显危险的结果,因此从振动角度今后进行结构抗震设计时,可液化场地上的地震动应给予特殊考虑。 相似文献
14.
There have been significant advances in the application of critical state,CS,in liquefaction potential assessment.This was done by comparing state parameter,j with estimated characteristic cyclic stress ratio,CSR due to an earthquake.A cyclic resistance ratio,CRR curve,which can be determined from cyclic liquefaction tests,separates historical liquefied and non-liquefied data points(j,CSR).On the other hand,the concepts of equivalent granular state parameter,j*,which was developed for sands with fines,can be used in lieu j to provide a unifying framework for characterizing the undrained response of sands with non/low plasticity fines,irrespective of fines content(fc).The present work combines these two propositions,and by merely substituting j*for j into the aforementioned CS approach to capture the influence of fc.A series of static and cyclic triaxial tests were conducted,separately and independently of the concept of j*,for sand with up to fc of 30%.The clean sand was collected from Sabarmati river belt at Ahmedabad city in India which was severely affected during the Bhuj earthquake,2001.The experimental data gave a single relation for CRR and j*which was then used to assess liquefaction potential for a SPT based case study,where fc varies along the depth.The prediction matched with the field observation. 相似文献
15.
海底缓坡场地地震侧移数值分析方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地震动使海底倾斜土层软化、液化并产生永久变形和位移。基于有限元理论,提出一种海底缓坡场地地震引起水平侧移的数值计算方法,将波浪荷载简化为恒定压力荷载和初始孔压,采用二维有效应力动力有限元分析方法进行液化分析,同时由模量软化理论得到土层在地震动各时段的模量,通过非线性静力方法计算软化、液化引起的水平侧移。由算例分析了土层坡度、液化层及上覆非液化层厚度、波浪荷载等因素对侧移的影响,通过对比分析表明了该方法的有效性,可为近海工程场地地震地质灾害评价提供参考数据。 相似文献
16.
Strain energy concept has been employed by the researchers for the assessment of liquefaction phenomenon which is a disastrous type of earthquake-induced failure in saturated soils. The efficiency and predictability conditions of strain energy concept for liquefaction potential assessment are investigated herein using effective stress numerical analyses. Several earthquake ground motions were introduced to the base of a calibrated numerical model using an advanced fully coupled constitutive model. Results of the numerical analyses indicate that earthquake-induced excess pore pressure is more rigorously proportional to strain energy compared with the other examined intensity measures. Subsequently, a simple relationship was derived using the results of dynamic analyses to predict cumulative strain energy density in terms of magnitude, source to site distance, and effective overburden pressure. This relationship, which tries to guarantee the predictability condition of strain energy demand, has demonstrated a successful capability in discrimination between the liquefied and non-liquefied case histories recorded after several well-known earthquakes. This study has provided a practical linkage between numerical analysis and field observations. Finally, it is concluded that although strain energy approach possesses a great conceptual efficiency in liquefaction potential assessment, its precise prediction in actual field conditions involves some difficulties. 相似文献
17.
The paper provides a new analysis procedure for the assessment of the lateral response of isolated piles/drilled shafts in saturated sands as liquefaction and lateral soil spread develop in response to dynamic loading such as that generated by the earthquake shaking. The presented method accounts for: (1) the development of full liquefaction in the free-field soil that could trigger the lateral spread of the overlying crust layer; (2) the driving force exerted by the crust layer based on the interaction between the pile and the upper non-liquefied soil (crust) layer; and (3) the variation of the excess pore water pressure (i.e. post-liquefaction soil strength) in the near-field soil with the progressive pile deflection under lateral soil spread driving force. A constitutive model for fully liquefied sands under monotonic loading and undrained conditions is developed in order to predict the zone of post-liquefaction zero-strength of liquefied sand before it rebounds with the increasing soil strain in the near-field. The analytical and empirical concepts employed in the Strain Wedge (SW) model allow the modeling of such a sophisticated phenomenon of lateral soil spread that could accompany or follow the occurrence of seismic events without using modifying parameters or shape corrections to account for soil liquefaction. 相似文献
18.
汶川地震液化土层类型验证及土性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年5月12日汶川特大地震中,除在山区引发了大量山体滑坡、崩塌和泥石流外,在成都平原等地液化现象也十分普遍。液化主要分布在含砂、砾石和卵石等的第四系地层。依据地层分布特征和地震烈度,选择6个典型液化点（带）进行现场勘测和试验,以验证液化土层类型、了解液化土层的土性特征,并检验《建筑抗震设计规范》中液化判别方法的适应性。结果表明：(1) 典型液化点土类包含砂、砾石和卵石等,6个验证点中有2个为砂层液化(其中1个为砾砂)、3个为砾石层液化和1个为卵石层液化;(2) 与非液化地层相比,液化地层结构松散,均匀性差,颗粒大小分布曲线较平缓,不均匀系数较大,其中液化砂土级配良好,砾石和卵石级配不良;(3) 依据《建筑抗震设计规范》液化判别方法,将验证点1中砂液化判为非液化,其余5个验证点由于含较多粗颗粒,因无法进行标准贯入试验而无法进行液化判别。 相似文献
19.
为研究液化场地中群桩在强震作用下的动力响应特征及桩侧土抗力-桩土相对位移（p-y）曲线规律,依托海文大桥实体工程,基于振动台模型试验,开展了0.15g～0.35g地震动作用饱和粉细砂土层不同埋置深度下的砂土孔压比、桩身弯矩及p-y曲线动力响应研究。结果表明：地震动强度达到0.25g时,不同埋置深度下的饱和粉细砂土层孔压比均大于0.8,产生液化现象,且随埋置深度增加,孔压比增长时刻明显滞后;不同埋置深度下,桩身弯矩最大值均位于液化土层和非液化土层分界面处;同一埋置深度时,随地震动强度的增大,p-y曲线所包围的面积逐渐增大,其整体斜率逐渐变小,说明桩-土相互作用动力耗能逐渐增大,桩周土体刚度逐渐减小;随埋置深度增加,p-y曲线所包围的面积逐渐减小,其整体斜率逐渐增大,说明桩-土相互作用动力耗能逐渐减小,桩周土体刚度逐渐增大。因此,液化场地桥梁群桩抗震设计时,应综合考虑液化土层与桩基础的相互位置关系,确保桩基础在液化土层与非液化土层分界处的抗弯承载能力。 相似文献