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遥感在1998年洪水监测中的作用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
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大气探测高技术及应用研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
大气探测技术是支撑大气科学,特别是大气物理和大气环境学科发展的重要基础,其主要任务是发展新的探测和试验手段、原理和方法,为认识大气运动以及大气中各种物理、化学、生物过程的基本规律及其与周围环境的相互作用提供技术手段和方法。除了充分利用国内外已有的成熟技术和产品对大气科学发展提供支持外,大气探测还存在一系列科学与技术问题需要研究和开发,这也是大气探测科学与高技术的前沿。本文从强对流和降水探测技术、雷电探测技术、云特性探测技术、臭氧和气溶胶等大气成分探测技术、地基GPS观测反演大气和海洋参数、大气与环境综合探测平台六个方面综述近五年来中国科学院大气物理研究所在地面大气探测高技术研发、实验观测及相关研究领域所取得的一些主要进展,并对未来发展进行展望。 相似文献
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云液态水柱含量是一个重要的气象学和云雾物理参数.对于云液水柱含量测量已发展了多种技术,但由于云在时空上变化很大,目前地基、飞机以及卫星测量的全部资料,都不能满足数值天气预报、人工增雨及气候变化研究等方面的工作需要.作者提出一种测云水的新方法,即从卫星-地面的微波衰减来确定云水(斜)柱量,并研究了此方法中的测量通道选择及测量方式问题,进行了初步的误差分析研究.结果表明,此方法在现有技术条件下可行,云水的测量精度不难达到20%～30%的水平.与卫星被动微波遥感结合起来,可获得精度更高的云水全球分布资料. 相似文献
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探测技术的发展和探测仪器的研制是中高层大气研究的重要方面,利用单一的探测技术无法完成这个相当宽的高度范围大气状态参量的测量,需要采用多种探测手段综合得出这一区域的大气结构。本文结合国际上中高层大气探测技术的发展,主要从雷达的地基遥感,高层大气探测卫星的探测及无线电掩星技术,大气参数的气球、火箭、飞船探测方面回顾了我国近几年间的研究进展。 相似文献
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飞机积冰气象条件研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
飞机积冰的直接影响气象因子包括大气温度、云中过冷水含量、过冷水滴大小。飞机积冰气象条件的研究对于飞行安全保障、飞机适航验证、人工影响天气等方面具有重要意义。近年来在飞机积冰气象条件研究方面取得了很大进展,文章对飞机积冰气象条件的外场观测、天气系统、监测识别、预报方法、气候分布等方面进展进行了简要综述,并对有关问题进行了讨论。飞机探测结果表明,过冷水时空分布具有明显不均匀性,国外以大量飞机积冰观测试验为基础统计分析了积冰环境,并制定了用于飞机积冰适航验证的一系列标准。产生飞机积冰的主要天气系统是锋面、高空槽线和切变线,冻雨往往产生强积冰。综合多源遥感数据各自的优势信息,建立飞机积冰区域识别技术是主要趋势。具有对云水显式预报能力的中尺度模式为预报飞机积冰提供了更好的工具。同时将多种监测数据、模式数据相融合的实时积冰潜势系统是新的发展方向。 相似文献
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Grard Brogniez Frdric Parol Laurianne Bcu Jacques Pelon Olivier Jourdan Jean-Franois Gayet Frdrique Auriol Christian Verwaerde Jean-Yves Balois Bahaiddin Damiri 《Atmospheric Research》2004,72(1-4):425
In the context of the next AQUA Train satellite experiment, airborne measurements were carried out to simulate satellite measurements. They were conducted between September 25 and October 12, 2001, off the coast of southern France over the Atlantic Ocean and over the Mediterranean Sea, respectively. During the intensive Field Radiation Experiment on Natural Cirrus and High-level clouds (FRENCH/DIRAC 2001), natural ice clouds were sampled from in situ and remote sensing measurements. On October 5 and 7, 2001, cirrus cloud decks were described by a complete data set acquired by: (i) in situ microphysical instruments onboard the TBM-700 aircraft: PMS probe, and Polar Nephelometer (ii) and downward-looking radiative instruments onboard the Mystère 20 aircraft: an infrared radiometer, a lidar, a visible imager with polarisation capabilities, and a middle infrared radiometer. Moreover, classical thermodynamical measurements were carried out onboard the Mystère 20. Mean microphysical characteristics of cirrus deck are derived from interpretation of remote sensing measurements. These properties are compared with those derived from in situ microphysical measurements in order to evaluate the radiative impact of natural cirrus clouds. 相似文献
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用卫星遥感资料反演气象参数的误差分析及数值试验 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
首先从理论分析入手，定性地探讨了用气象卫星遥感探测辐射测值反演气象参数的误差特性，进而用同步物理反演法进行了反演误差的数值试验，定量地揭示了反演误差的来源及特性。这些理论分析和数值试验对设计遥感系统、提高反演精度等都具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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农作物主要生长参数自动观测技术综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
农作物生长参数是描述作物生长和评价环境条件（包括农业气象灾害）对作物生长影响的重要数据,也是预测产量、指导农田管理的重要依据。介绍作物覆盖度、发育期、株高等主要生长参数国内外自动观测技术的研究进展及应用,探讨相关技术的原理、方法、可行性及局限性。分析表明：利用CCD图像传感器实时获取作物图像,采用计算机视觉及图像处理技术能更精准、快速、直观、动态获得作物覆盖度、发育期、形态、叶面颜色等实况特征,还可作为卫星遥感大面积作物长势地面验证及更进一步开展作物病虫害、作物营养供给情况自动监测的基础,具有广阔的推广前景。 相似文献
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The actinometric system installed aboard the Yak-42D "Roshydromet" research aircraft is presented. It is designed to study radiation processes in the troposphere. The system is based on standard Kipp&Zonen actinometric instruments for measuring solar, thermal, and ultraviolet radiation fluxes as well as on specially developed radiation models with high-precision methods for solving radiative transfer equations (Monte Carlo, k-distribution, and line-by-line calculations). The combination of actinometric measurements and detailed simulation of radiative transfer in the atmosphere allows examining the radiation balance components throughout the troposphere using in situ measurements at the aircraft location. Some results of studying radiation fluxes obtained during the flights over the Arctic region of the Russian Federation are presented. The data of measurements carried out using the presented system are useful for validating radiation codes utilized in general atmospheric circulation models and for processing satellite remote sensing data. 相似文献
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Huang Sixun 《大气科学进展》1996,13(4):489-504
With the swift advances in earth observation, satellite remote sensing and application of atmospheric radiation theory have been developed in the past decades, atmospheric sensing inversion with its algorithms is getting more and more importance. It is known that since a remote sensing equation falls into an integral equation of the first kind, thus leading to the fact that it is ill-posed and particularly the solution is unsteady, tremendous difficulties arise from the retrieval. This paper will present a simple review on the inversion techniques with some necessary remarks, before in-troducing the successful efforts with respect to such equations and the encouraging solutions achieved in recent dec-ades by researchers of the world. 相似文献
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With the swift advances in earth observation,satellite remote sensing and application of atmospheric radiation theory have been developed in the past decades,atmospheric sensing inversion with its algorithms is getting more and more importance.It is known that since a remote sensing equation falls into an integral equation of the first kind,thus leading to the fact that it is ill-posed and particularly the solution is unsteady,tremendous difficulties arise from the retrieval.This paper will present a simple review on the inversion techniques with some necessary remarks,before introducing the successful efforts with respect to such equations and the encouraging solutions achieved in recent decades by researchers of the world. 相似文献
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Noam DAVID 《大气科学进展》2019,(7):766-769
The knowledge garnered in environmental science takes a crucial part in informing decision-making in various fields,including agriculture, transportation, energy, public health and safety, and more. Understanding the basic processes in each of these fields relies greatly on progress being made in conceptual, observational and technological approaches. However,existing instruments for environmental observations are often limited as a result of technical and practical constraints. Current technologies, including remote sensing systems and ground-level measuring means, may suffer from obstacles such as low spatial representativity or a lack of precision when measuring near ground-level. These constraints often limit the ability to carry out extensive meteorological observations and, as a result, the capacity to deepen the existing understanding of atmospheric phenomena and processes. Multi-system informatics and sensing technology have become increasingly distributed as they are embedded into our environment. As they become more widely deployed, these technologies create unprecedented data streams with extraordinary levels of coverage and immediacy, providing a growing opportunity to complement traditional observation techniques using the large volumes of data created. Commercial microwave links that comprise the data transfer infrastructure of cellular communication networks are an example of these types of systems. This viewpoint letter briefly reviews various works on the subject and presents aspects concerning the added value that may be obtained as a result of the integration of these new means, which are becoming available for the first time in this era, for studying and monitoring atmospheric phenomena. 相似文献
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北极是全球气候敏感区域之一,长期以来极地气象观测资料比较缺乏.为了提高北美及全球天气预报的准确性,加拿大航天局联合加拿大环境、气象、国防等部门多个单位共同启动了极地通信和气象卫星(PCW:Polar Communication and Weather)计划,持续提供50°N以北地区的通信服务和气象遥感观测.在气象方面,PCW将提供北极极地附近地区每隔15/30min的多光谱遥感信息,重点用于高纬度风场反演、海/湖冰、积雪和植被监测,云、气溶胶和火山灰信息反演,这些遥感信息在气候变化研究中将发挥重要作用.简要介绍了PCW计划的进展、卫星观测系统设计、轨道设计、遥感仪器、气象和空间天气的监测产品及应用. 相似文献
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基于飞机和MODIS观测的华北地区气溶胶标高分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究华北地区的气溶胶分布情况,利用2012—2014年飞机观测资料和MODIS卫星资料,对石家庄等地的气溶胶标高进行了分析。结果表明:(1)与飞机观测资料对比后认为可以利用MODIS光学厚度和常规能见度资料计算气溶胶标高;(2)华北地区春夏季气溶胶标高一般大于秋冬季;6个主要城市中,位于平原地区的城市气溶胶标高较低,西北山区城市标高较高;(3)在不进行飞行探测,仅使用地面资料和卫星资料,通过计算得到气溶胶垂直分布是可行的,尤其是在对流层中层的结果比底层更可信;(4)分别使用观测资料与拟合数据计算光学厚度,分析其误差后,确认在计算光学厚度的过程中可以使用气溶胶数密度指数递减假设。 相似文献
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为收集管理应用新型地基遥感设备观测的海量、多源、实时数据，中国气象局气象探测中心设计并搭建了超大城市观测数据系统平台。系统基于主流Web开发技术和分布式列存储集群方式MySql数据库，具备数据实时传输、监控、存储、分析、显示和共享等功能，实现了新型地基遥感观测数据管理规范化、产品服务多样化、资料共享便捷化。该系统平台既提高了新型地基遥感设备数据的支撑保障能力，同时分钟级廓线数据产品满足了短临天气预报对实时数据的高时效需求。目前，平台已在部分城市中推广应用，为地基遥感设备业务化运行提供全面的平台支持。 相似文献
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Although satellite remote sensing of the atmosphere and Earth's surface has been pursued now for many years, it has not been applied widely in detailed or systematic investigations of the atmospheric and land surface climates of arid and semiarid regions. This paper briefly surveys characteristics of satellite systems that should be considered when evaluating the present and potential roles of satellite remote sensing in arid and semiarid zone research, and in studies of desertification. Actual and potential applications of satellite data in these research areas are then reviewed. It is concluded that satellite data available for arid and semiarid areas have been used in a very fragmentary and unsystematic manner. Proposals are made for exploiting more fully satellite data, especially in investigations of desertification. 相似文献