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1.
研究钝吻黄盖鲽(Pleuronectes yokohama)幼鱼鳃的Na~+/K~+-ATP酶(NKA)和肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)在低盐(6、18,分别记作S6、S18组)胁迫下的变化规律,探讨其适应盐度的规律,以及抗氧化机制和非特异免疫能力。结果显示,S6组和S18组鳃的NKA活力均呈先增后减的变化趋势,1 d时最大(P0.05),S6组7 d时开始下降,而S18组在3 d时开始下降。肝脏的SOD和CAT活力均先升后降,其中SOD活力S6和S18组均于7 d时最大(P0.05),14 d时S6组活力较S18组大;CAT活力S6和S18组均于7 d时最大(P0.05),在14 d时降至初始水平。肝脏ACP活力S6、S18组均于3 d时升至最高(P0.05),14 d时S18组降至对照组水平,而S6组则低于对照组(P0.05);AKP活力S6和S18组均呈现先升后降的变化,在3 d达到峰值,14 d时仍高于对照组(P0.05)。低盐胁迫影响钝吻黄盖鲽幼鱼的NKA、抗氧化酶和非特异免疫酶,S18组对盐度胁迫的适应能力更大。  相似文献   

2.
对低盐胁迫下体质量(11.34±2.13)g红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的鳃、肾和肠组织结构进行显微观察,探讨组织结构变化与渗透压的关系。结果表明,低盐胁迫下,鳃丝和鳃小片宽度增大,鳃小片间距缩小,与对照组差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),鳃小片细胞更为圆润饱满,低盐度组每100μm泌氯细胞数为0.91±0.78,低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低盐度组的肾小球膨大,饱满充盈,与肾小囊内壁间隙小于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),近曲小管和集合管管径增大,近曲小管游离面刷状缘较对照组发达;低盐度组肠绒毛单层柱状上皮厚度为(51.54±2.53)μm,大于对照组(P0.05),柱状上皮细胞间每100μm杯状细胞数为5.05±0.91,小于对照组(P0.05),而两组间的杯状细胞大小差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。水体盐度变化导致红鳍东方鲀鳃、肾和肠发生适应性变化。  相似文献   

3.
在实验室室内控温控盐条件下,采用生态学方法研究印尼大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)稚贝水体温度和盐度的耐受性。结果表明,在温度条件中,12、13、14℃低温区为致死温度,稚贝100%死亡分别耗时6、9、12d;15、16、17、18℃低温区及常温组(26~28℃)存活率分别为41.11%、78.91%、91.10%、94.43%和96.67%;受寒致死温度为15.12℃,低温敏感起始点为16℃;36、37、38℃高温区为致死温度,全部稚贝死亡分别耗时8、3、2 d;常温、32、33、34、35℃高温区组存活率分别为96.67%、93.32%、88.91%、73.40%和14.31%;受热致死温度为34.35℃,高温敏感起始点为34℃;存活率在低温端下降更迅速,稚贝对低温更为敏感。在盐度条件中,盐度12低盐组,5 d内稚贝100%死亡,盐度42、45的高盐组,全部稚贝分别在18 d和4 d内死亡,其它盐度组保持存活;适宜及最适生存盐度分别为16.3~39.5和24~33;适宜及最适宜生长盐度分别为13.1~37.8和27;低、高盐敏感起始点分别为盐度21、36。  相似文献   

4.
We evaluated the ability of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) to osmoregulate and grow in saltwater. Hatchery-reared juveniles (mean weight 106.8 g, 5-month old) were transferred from freshwater to 10, 20, and 25 salinity saltwater over a period of 20 d. We measured the growth, serum osmolality, ion concentrations, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity. In addition, we prepared samples of gill tissue to quantify morphological changes in gill ultrastructure. Rearing in up to 25 saltwater for 30 d had no significant effect on growth. Similarly, serum osmolality and ion concentrations were similar to levels reported in other teleosts following acclimation to saltwater. Serum osmolality and Na+, Cl- concentrations increased significantly with the initial increase in salinity. Afterwards, levels tended to stabilize and then decrease. Serum K+ levels did not change during acclimation to saltwater. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased initially as salinity was increased. However, the activity later decreased and, finally stabilized at 3.7±0.1 μmol Pi/mg·prot·h in 25 saltwater (1.6 times higher than the level in those in freshwater). In fish that were held only in freshwater, the chloride cells were located in the interlamellar regions of the filament and at the base of the lamella. Following acclimation to 25 saltwater for 30 d, the number and size of chloride cells increased significantly. Our results suggest that juvenile Amur sturgeon is able to tolerate, and grow in, relatively high concentrations of saltwater.  相似文献   

5.
【目的】探究保活运输中低氧胁迫对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)氧化应激的影响。【方法】诱导体质量为(498.2±27.3)g的杂交石斑鱼进入休眠状态,并放置在溶解氧为(1.74±0.21)mg·L?1的低氧环境下,低氧胁迫0、6、12、24、48、72 h后,取样测定血清应激指标,肌肉、肝脏、鳃组织氧化应激指标及肌肉、肝脏能量利用指标。【结果】低氧胁迫过程中,杂交石斑鱼血糖含量在胁迫6 h时最大,72 h时恢复胁迫前水平;皮质醇含量在胁迫过程均显著高于胁迫前;肌肉超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随胁迫时间的增加而上升,肝脏、鳃SOD活性先上升后下降;肌肉、肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升后降的趋势,鳃CAT活性在胁迫12、72 h显著低于胁迫前;肌肉、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量在胁迫过程中均增加,鳃MDA含量先降后升;肌肉谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH)含量在胁迫12 h达到最大值,肝脏GSH含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,鳃中GSH含量在12 h时显著高于胁迫前,之后逐渐升高;总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)在肌肉、肝脏、鳃中均呈上升的趋势;肌肉和肝脏中糖原的含量显著减少,肌肉乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性显著增加,肝脏LDH先降后升。显著性水平均为0.05。【结论】低氧胁迫会刺激珍珠龙胆石斑鱼产生应激反应,影响体内正常的氧化应激系统,并对不同组织造成不同程度的氧化损伤。  相似文献   

6.
To investigate the influence of sodium to potassium(Na/K) ratios on the growth performance and physiological response of the Pacific white shrimp( Litopenaeus vananmei), various concentrations of KCl were added to low-salinity well water(salinity 4) in an 8-week culture trial. Six treatments with Na/K ratios of 60:1, 42:1, 33:1, 23:1, 17:1, and 14:1 were replicated in triplicate. The highest weight-gain rate(3 506±48)% and survival rate(89.38±0.88)% was observed in well water with Na/K ratios of 23:1 and 42:1, respectively, while the feed conversion ratio(1.02±0.01), oxygen consumption, and ammonia-N excretion rate was the lowest in the medium with a Na/K ratio of 23:1. Gill Na +-K +-ATPase activity, as an indicator of osmoregulation, peaked in the treatment where the Na/K ratio was 17:1. The total hemocyte count, respiratory burst, and immune-related enzyme activities(ALP, LSZ, PO, and SOD) of L. vananmei were affected significantly by Na/K ratios( P 0.05). After challenged with Vibrio harveyi, the cumulative mortality of shrimp reared in a Na/K ratio of 23:1(30±14.14)% was significantly lower than the control(75±7.07)%. In conclusion, the addition of K + to low-salinity well water in L. vannamei cultures is feasible. Na/K ratios ranging from 23:1 to 33:1 might improve survival and growth. Immunity and disease resistance are also closely related to the Na/K ratio of the low-salinity well water. The findings may contribute to the development of more efficient K + remediation strategies for L. vananmei culture in low-salinity well water.  相似文献   

7.
【目的】研究波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)在不同盐度下叶绿素荧光参数的变化和编码叶绿体D1蛋白的PsbA基因的表达特性。【方法】利用叶绿素荧光仪测定不同盐度条件下波吉卵囊藻叶绿素荧光参数;利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)克隆获取波吉卵囊藻PsbA基因序列,并进行生物信息学分析;利用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法分析PsbA基因在不同盐度下的表达情况。【结果】高盐(盐度60)条件下PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)及PSII实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)显著下降(P 0.05)。克隆获得1 314 bp波吉卵囊藻PsbA基因cDNA序列,包含1 062 bp开放阅读框(ORF),预测编码353个氨基酸,该蛋白属于跨膜蛋白。qPCR结果表明,高盐(盐度60)条件下PsbA基因极显著下调(P 0.01)。【结论】高盐(盐度60)显著抑制波吉卵囊藻PsbA基因的表达和叶绿素荧光参数(F_v/F_m和ΦPSⅡ)的降低,表明波吉卵囊藻处于胁迫状态;而盐度10和30能促进PsbA基因的表达。  相似文献   

8.
【目的】研究蛋白质琥珀酰化修饰在马氏珠母贝（Pinctada fucata martensii）植核后免疫应答中的作用,为阐明珍珠贝植核反应的分子调控机制提供理论依据。【方法】通过对马氏珠母贝注射琥珀酸钠模拟提高琥珀酰化修饰水平,检测马氏珠母贝植核后鳃组织总蛋白琥珀酰化程度、免疫相关基因表达、抗氧化相关酶酶活以及珍珠贝的存活率和留核率。【结果与结论】注射琥珀酸钠后,鳃组织琥珀酰化修饰水平在12 h和72 h显著上升;使用实时荧光定量PCR检测胁迫应激相关基因的时序表达,胁迫应激相关因子SOD和Caspase2在6 h表达量显著上调,NF-κB和IRAK1在48 h表达量显著上调,TRAF3和IκK的表达量在96 h显著上调（P <0.05）,表明琥珀酰化修饰水平提高后受体贝机体细胞免疫增强;抗氧化相关酶、过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽活性都在96 h出现显著上调（P <0.05）,表明受体贝体液免疫增强。与对照组[磷酸盐缓冲溶液（PBS）+植核]和植核组相比,实验组（琥珀酸钠+植核）中珍珠贝的存活率在7 d和45 d存在显著差异,在60 d留核率显著上升（P <0.05）。结果...  相似文献   

9.
在盐度5、10、15、20、25、30条件下,以全人工配合饵料饲喂龙虎斑[鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)×棕点石斑鱼(E.fuscoguttatus♀)]60 d,研究不同盐度对龙虎斑生长和摄食的影响。结果表明,不同盐度对龙虎斑生长的影响有统计学意义(P0.05),盐度5~20组增长率、特定生长率均高于盐度25、30组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),盐度10组的增长率最高,为55.08%,盐度15组的特定生长率最大,为2.30%/d,盐度和龙虎斑生长速率的回归方程为K=0.000 09 S 4-0.006 S 3+0.131 S 2-1.055 S+4.832(R 2=0.984);不同盐度对龙虎斑的摄食率和饵料系数影响有统计学意义(P0.05),盐度15组的摄食率最高,为1.64%/d,其次为盐度10组,为1.60%/d,饵料系数在盐度15组最低,为0.820,其次为盐度10组,为0.827。因此,龙虎斑在低盐度条件下生长比高盐度快,摄食率高,饵料利用率高,最佳生长盐度为10~15。  相似文献   

10.
研究非适宜的p H、温度和盐度条件,以及抗生素胁迫和添加外源H2S条件下溶藻弧菌胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-β-synthase,CBS)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)的活力及谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)含量的变化,分析CBS与抗氧化系统的相关性,探讨不良环境对CBS活性及抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明,在非适宜温度、盐度及抗生素胁迫下,溶藻弧菌的CBS活力均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。在非适宜温度下,其SOD和POD的活力及GSH含量均有不同程度的提高(P0.05)。在非适宜盐度下,GSH含量上调(P0.05)。在红霉素和壮观霉素胁迫下,SOD和POD活力均上调(P0.05),而庆大霉素和四环素胁迫则分别提高SOD、POD活力(P0.05)。在非适宜p H条件下,低p H上调CBS、SOD和POD的活力及GSH含量(P0.05);高p H条件下CBS活力与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),SOD活力较对照组下降(P0.05)。相关性分析发现,在不同温度、盐度条件下及抗生素胁迫下CBS活力与SOD、POD活力及GSH含量之间具有显著正相关(P0.05),而在不同p H条件以及抗生素+Na HS处理后,CBS活力与SOD、POD活力及GSH含量之间的相关性无统计学意义(P0.05)。溶藻弧菌可通过提高CBS活力以调节其抗氧化系统,从而抵御不良环境,而外源H2S则提高溶藻弧菌SOD活力和GSH水平以维持溶藻弧菌正常生理活动。  相似文献   

11.
The effects of salinity on hemolymph osmotic pressure, Na^＋ concentration and Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill of Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis were studied. The results showed that hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na^＋ concentration increased significantly （P〈0.05）, and the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gills decreased significantly （P〈0.05） when salinity increased from 0 to 16. The hemolymph osmotic pressure and Na^＋ concentration in each treatment group rose remarkably at 0.125 d or 0.25 d, while the Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill reduced gradually with increased experiment time in 3 d. Then the three parameters remained at a constant level after 0.25 d, 0.125 d and 3 d, respectively, and higher hemolymph osmotic pressure, higher Na^＋ concentration and lower Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase activity of gill occurred at higher salinity. The effect of salinity change on protein concentration of hemolymph was indistinct （P〉0.05）; However, the protein concentration decreased gradually with the increase of salinity from 0.25 d to 1d, and then tended to be stable from day 1 to day 15.  相似文献   

12.
An 8 weeks feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary potassium on the growth and physiological acclimation of Pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) reared in diluted seawater(salinity 4). Six semi-purified practical diets containing 0.59, 0.96, 1.26, 1.48, 1.74, and 2.17+ g potassium K per 100 g diet were formulated, respectively. The survival and feed conversion rate did not show significant difference among groups of shrimps given these diets(P0.05). The shrimps fed the diets containing 0.96-1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet gained the highest weight, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Their ammonium-N excretion rate as well as hemolymph concentration of Na+ and Cl- were significantly lower than those of the control(P0.05), but a reverse trend was observed for their gill Na+/K+-ATPase. Moreover, the shrimps fed with 1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet were the highest in hemolymph urea level, and the phenoloxidase and lysozyme activities were significantly higher than those of the control(P0.05). The growth and physiological response of the test shrimps suggested that diet containing 1.48 g K+ per 100 g diet improved the growth of L. vannamei in low-salinity seawater, and enhanced the physiological acclimation of the organism.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of environmental Na /K ratio on the gill ion-transport enzyme activity,plasma osmolality and growth ofCynoglossus semi/aevis juveniles were investigated.The results showed that,plasma osmolality was similar among flounder adaptedto different Na /K ratios of saline groundwaters (P>0.05),while the growth,gill Na ,K -ATPase and HCO,3'--ATPase activities wereaffected by Na /K ratio significantly (P<0.05).The gill Na ,K -ATPase activity reached its maximum on day 3,then decreasedgradually from day 3 to day 9 and remained constant from day 9 to day 15.The peak values of gill Na ,K -ATPase activity weredetected on day 3 for all Na /K ratios of saline groundwaters,then the enzyme activities descended,and on day 9 the enzyme activi-ties achieved steady state,and the gill HCO,3--ATPase activity increased rapidly and achieved steady state after one day.Duringsteady state,the gill Na ,K -ATPase and HCO,3--ATPase activity of Na /K ratios 20 and 40 treatments were significantly higherthan those in the control group (Na /K ratio 27.5),while there were no significant differences between the Na /K ratio 30 treatmentand the control group; the gill Na ,K -ATPase activity of Na /K ratio 20 and 40 treatments were significantly higher than that forratio 30 treatment,but there were no significant differences of gill HCO3-ATPase activity among these treatments.At the end of the15-day experiment,the weight gain (%) and specific growth rate (SGR) of flounders maintained in seawater were significantly higherthan those in groundwaters; significant differences also occurred among the treatments; Na /K ratio 30 treatment had the highestvalues (33.7% and 1.94 respectively),which were significantly higher than those under Na /K ratios 20 and 40 treatments.There-fore,for the saline groundwater used in this experiment,it is suggested that the Na /K ratio be adjusted to approximately 30,I.e.,asclose to that of natural seawater as possible in the culture of flounder.  相似文献   

14.
Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the osmolarity, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and HSP70 of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis with initial wet body weight of 1.460 g ± 0.091 g. The salinity in the control group (D0) was 28 throughout the experiment, whereas treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 were subjected to different salinity fluctuation frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 d, respectively. The salinity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was kept at 28 for 2, 4, 6 and 8...  相似文献   

15.
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) is an important commercial crustacean in China. An experiment was designed to study the effect of cold stress on S. serrata. After a one-week adaptation at 28oC, the temperature is suddenly reduced to 4oC. The crabs were sampled every 2 h for 10 h and dissected immediately to measure the enzyme activity. The crabs at room temperature (28oC) were used as the control group. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of 4 ATPases (Na , K -ATPase; Mg2 -ATPase; Ca2 -ATPase; Ca2 , Mg2 -ATPase) were measured biochemically. In contrast to the control group, the SOD activity increased significantly from 2 to 6 h after the cold stress, and then decreased. The CAT and GPX activities increased in 2 h, and then decreased gradually. The content of MDA increased gradually in 4 h. The activity of Na , K -ATPase decreased in 2 h, increased up to the top value at Hour 6, then decreased again. The activities of Mg2 -ATPase, Ca2 -ATPase and Ca2 , Mg2 -ATPase increased significantly in 6 h, insignificantly in any other hours. Under cold stress, the activity of antioxidative enzymes in S. serrata was reduced at first then stabilized, ROS-scavenging weakened, and MDA accumulated gradually in the gill after 6 h. The activity of the 4 ATPases in the crab decreased after 6 h, suggesting that the ability to regulate ion concentration has been paralyzed. Therefore, the maximum period to sustain healthy meat in the crab under cold stress is 6 hours.  相似文献   

16.
Growth and biochemical responses of the coenobial green alga Scenedesmus obliquus to salinity stress were monitored across different phases of growth. The alga was cultured on BG11 growth medium and subjected to 0, 30, 100, and 200 mmol/L NaCl for a period of 20 d, during which algal cultures were harvested at 4-d intervals. The salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth was accompanied with prolongation of timing of the different growth phases. The sharp and progressive salinity-induced inhibition of algal growth rate during the early phase of growth points to salt shock but moderation of inhibition at the subsequent stages of growth means algal acclimation to salinity. The concentrations of chlorophylls a and b, soluble sugars, proteins as well as those of K+ and Na+ in the alga exhibited peaks at the initiation of the exponential phase of growth, with increasing magnitude in proportion to the increase in the level of salinity. Nevertheless, whereas soluble sugars of the alga peaked at initiation of the exponential phase, starch concentration progressively increased with culture age, reaching saturation towards the stationary phase. Whereas the salinity-induced increase in soluble sugars was most evident at the early stages of growth the reverse was true for starch. The present results point to fast acclimation of S. obliquus to salt stress post a brief salt shock, utilizing soluble sugars, K+ and Na+ for osmotic adjustment. Increasing salinity from 0 to 200 mmol/L NaCl led to progressive increase in soluble sugars, proteins, K + and Na + concentrations of the algal cells, particularly at the early stages of growth. However, the salinity-induced increase in chlorophyll concentration approached a limit at 100 mmol/L NaCl whereas that in starch concentration was more evident at the later stages of growth.  相似文献   

17.
The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4.  相似文献   

18.
The changes of plasmalemma permeability and some primary inorganic ions of Antarctic ice microalgae （ Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L） in the low-temperature stress were examined. The plasmalemma of 1CE-L could maintain the stability at the freezing condition of -6 ℃. That signifies that it could maintain the proper function of plasmalemma and stability of the intracellular environment during sea ice formation. The function of inorganic ions on low-temperature adaptation of ICE-L was investigated by using the X-ray microanalysis method. Low temperature （0 - -6 ℃ ） induces Ca^2 ＋ concentration increment of cytoplasm, but after 24 h the content decrease quickly to normal value. As a matter of fact, Ca^2 ＋ plays an important role as the second messenger in the low temperature adaptation of ICE-L. In addition, low temperature also influences on the other primary inorganic ions transfer and the cell maintains activity by keeping ratio balance among different ions. Above all, it is necessary for Antarctic ice microalgae to survive and breed by maintaining the stability of K^ ＋ content and the balance of Na^ ＋/Cl^ -.  相似文献   

19.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP)and growth hormone-releasing hormone(GHRH)play important roles in the GH/IGF growth axis in fishes.To determine whether epigenetic change is involved in the regulation of pacap and ghrh responses to low salinity stress in Cynoglossus semilaevis,the correlation between growth traits,DNA methylation status and gene expression level in low salinity(15,S15)and optimal salinity(30,S30)at day 7(D7)and day 60(D60)were analyzed.Results showed that exposure to low salinity for 60 days attenuated C.semilaevis growth rate.Under low salinity,DNA methylation level of pacap promoter increased in females and decreased in males at day 7,but inverted at day 60.Additionally,pacap expression was up-regulated in both males and females.The pacap promoter methylation level was higher and expression level was lower in female than in male.The results suggest that pacap promoter methylation level is negatively correlated to mRNA level and positively correlated to body weight,while gene expression level is negatively related with body weight.With the decrease of salinity,DNA methylation level of ghrh promoter and exon1,as well as its gene expression displayed minor changes.Overall,pacap gene seems to play an important role in fish growth,contributing to female growth superiority,while ghrh gene seems not pertinent under salinity stress.The results indicate that low salinity potentially affects fish growth through regulating DNA methylation in pacap promoter.This study expands the understanding of the molecular mechanism of how salinity modulates fish growth from the epigenetic perspective.  相似文献   

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