共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 50 毫秒
1.
简要介绍了目前查询地学信息资源的部分主要工具，主要的水资源与环境地学信息数据库的分布格局，提供了相应的网址和主要地学信息库的特征；同时也对互联网上分布的有关地学应用软件系统，地学教育资源等作了简要介绍。这些内容不仅给我国地学研究，特别是从事大尺度地学环境、水资源研究的人员提供了有价值的信息，同时也可以帮助初步接触网络的地学研究人员了解目前地学资源信息库的发展现状和水平，促使我国地学环境信息库的建设和发展。 相似文献
2.
Yao Wang Chi-hui Guo Shu-rong Zhuang Xi-jie Chen Li-qiong Jia Ze-yu Chen Zi-long Xia Zhen Wu 《China Geology》2021,4(2):329-352
In the context of global climate change, geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality. This paper discusses the main problems, opportunities, and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality, as well as China’s response to them. The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories: (1) Carbon emission reduction technology (natural gas hydrate, geothermal, hot dry rock, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy); (2) carbon sequestration technology (carbon capture and storage, underground space utilization); (3) key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization (raw materials for energy transformation, carbon reduction technology). Therefore, geosciences and geological technologies are needed: First, actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas, geothermal energy, hydropower, hot dry rock, and key energy minerals, and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas; the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection, carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures, and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters; the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences, organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources, carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory, and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines. The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research. In the future, it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects, enhance the ability of climate adaptation, and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. 相似文献
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4.
Our ability to deal with complex systems has improved through information system research which includes improved modeling
(both data and system), the use of semantics and advances in distributed computing. The past decade has seen an explosion
in the amount and variety of geosciences data and the emergence of true open data repositories through which scientists can
freely access this data. Those data are found in thousands of repositories located around the world. Virtual observatories
have been created to address the challenge of helping scientists search those repositories to find and access the required
data. This challenge is been addressed by using technologies such as the Internet (with ample connectivity and bandwidth),
the Web, cheap computing power, cheap storage and standards for critical components. Many scientific disciplines are developing
virtual observatories. Yet some of the most compelling science questions cross multiple domains. While semantics can provide
cross domain reasoning, often the first step in answering a question is determining what resources are available which may
be relevant to a topic. The topic can be expressed as simple phrases or word sequences. Using a common relevance scoring method
at all locations can enable a federated search across loosely coupled providers. The results of which can be organized into
facets to aid the user in selecting the most promising resources with which to pursue the scientific investigation. We describe
an approach to developing and deploying relevance scoring methods and faceted results in this brave new (virtual) world. We
have found that a scoring method which considers both the presence of terms and the proximity of these terms relative to the
order of the terms in the query improves the assessment of relevance. We call this Term Presence-Proximity (TPP) scoring and
describe a method for calculating a normalized score. TPP scoring compares favorably with other scoring approaches. 相似文献
5.
Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: a review 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Michel Jaboyedoff Thierry Oppikofer Antonio Abellán Marc-Henri Derron Alex Loye Richard Metzger Andrea Pedrazzini 《Natural Hazards》2012,61(1):5-28
This paper presents a short history of the appraisal of laser scanner technologies in geosciences used for imaging relief
by high-resolution digital elevation models (HRDEMs) or 3D models. A general overview of light detection and ranging (LIDAR)
techniques applied to landslides is given, followed by a review of different applications of LIDAR for landslide, rockfall
and debris-flow. These applications are classified as: (1) Detection and characterization of mass movements; (2) Hazard assessment
and susceptibility mapping; (3) Modelling; (4) Monitoring. This review emphasizes how LIDAR-derived HRDEMs can be used to
investigate any type of landslides. It is clear that such HRDEMs are not yet a common tool for landslides investigations,
but this technique has opened new domains of applications that still have to be developed. 相似文献
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7.
混沌理论及其在地学中的应用前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
混沌理论作为一种普适性很强的新理论，在地球科学中的应用日前广泛，其意义已渐为人们所认识和关注。本文介绍了混沌在地球中的部分应用，认为混沌理论开阔了人们研究地学中复杂问题的思路；同时，地学中一些重大问题的解决也必将丰富和混沌理论。 相似文献
8.
Finding which triangle in a planar or 2.5D triangle mesh contains a query point (so-called point location problem) is a frequent task in geosciences, especially when working with triangulated irregular network models. Usually, a large number of point locations has to be performed, and so there is a need for fast algorithms having minimal additional memory requirements and resistant to changes in the triangulation. So-called walking algorithms offer low complexity, easy implementation, and negligible additional memory requirements, which makes them suitable for such applications. In this article, we focus on these algorithms, summarize, and compare them with regard to their use in geosciences. Since such a summary has not been done yet, our article should serve those who are dealing with this problem in their application to decide which algorithm would be the best for their solution. Moreover, the influence of the triangulation type on the number of the visited triangles is discussed. 相似文献
9.
新世纪的卫星大地测量学和地球科学 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
经典卫星大地测量学着重研究地球几何形状、定向及其变化，并在实际应用中关注在地球表面上点的定位、重力及其变化。而现代卫星大地测量则不仅仅能在地表上长时间以10－9精度定位，而且它已远远超过原来经典的目标，已经涉及多种学科领域，可以提供和处理涉及原来是地球动力学、行星学、大气学、海洋学、板块运动学和冰川学等其他学科所需的信息，提供多种学科领域长期以来很难取得的数值和有可能解决它们相应的困惑。当然为了达到这些目标卫星大地测量学仍然还有众多的理论和实践的问题需要思考和解决。然而可以预期，卫星大地测量学将与其他学科会有更多的交叉，不仅在大地测量学，而且在地球科学中会具有强大生命力，并将更大地影响和促进地球科学、环境科学和行星科学的发展。 相似文献
10.
青藏高原科研文献地理信息空间分析研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
多学科的协同、渗透、交叉已成为当代科学发展的重要趋势,文献计量学和地理信息系统（GIS）技术的集成是拓展GIS应用领域的一个新兴方向。许多与地理空间位置有关的信息包含在大量地学科研文献中。从CNKI文献数据库收录的研究青藏高原的科研文献中提取研究区、样带和采样点等位置相关信息,运用GIS技术进行空间分析和展现。结果显示,青藏高原研究的主要学科领域集中在生态环境及其变化、地质与地球物理特征及其演化、资源及其勘探、地质工程等方面。有关青藏高原的研究在空间分布上存在较大的差异,对青藏高原的研究从西南、西北到东南、东北区域,其受关注的程度逐渐增加。祁连山脉、羌塘高原、青海湖、青藏公路、青藏铁路和川藏公路等是研究的热点区域。沿经度和纬度方向不同区间研究的分布也不同,研究热点区域呈现出从青藏高原中部向东北部转移的趋势。多数采样点和观测点沿交通干线分布,并且随着与交通干线距离的增加数量明显减少。GIS技术在关于青藏高原的文献计量分析中得到了有效应用,有助于挖掘出大量与空间位置相关的信息,从而深入分析青藏高原研究的发展态势。 相似文献
11.
对地球系统科学的几点认识 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
地球系统科学将是２１世纪地球科学的主旋律,它被定义为：“将地球作为一个整体来伯全部知识;对地球的气圈、水圈、生物圈和岩石中的各种作用及各层圈间相互作用时间进行的研究”。此种学术思想可追溯到１００多年前,见於文字也有近二十年。它对当代地学的发展起了重要的推动作用,有四个特点：地球现象的远距离相互联系、影响;内动力和外动力研究一体化;地质作用和生物作用研究一体化;一类活动作为地球系统的一部分。当前地球系统科学的发展也提出了一些新问题,主要的是：在学术思路上对与岩石圈有关的地质作用有所忽视;观察研究系统不全面;还未深人到资源形成和小环境的研究中。近年来的观测试验表明,发生在岩石圈的各种地质作用正积极参与垒球各圈层间的物质能量交换。对它们的忽视,可能正是目前一些生物地球化学循环模型无法平衡的原因。 相似文献
12.
Google Earth has been part of most geoscientists' computer (and mobile) desktops for a decade, and this year Google Earth Professional has become freely available to all with a universal license key. Many users are still, however, not aware of the full potential that it can offer across a range of teaching and research areas in the geosciences. Here a pragmatic look is taken at some of the current key uses in terms of resources and applications and how they can help in research and training educational roles in the geosciences. 相似文献
13.
The source of many environmental incidents involving engineering works has been traced to inadequate geologic site characterization
(GSC). Even though critics may argue that hindsight is almost always clearer than foresight, what is reasonable to some geologists
may be overkill to others and GSC is often underperformed. Communication between designers, geologists, engineers, and regulators
is paramount at all stages of a project, each recognizing the essential needs of the other. For large projects having substantial
longevity, it is essential to periodically review initial conclusions because assumptions and criteria change as the geosciences
evolve, engineering precepts are refined, and analytical capabilities increase. A brief consideration of the changing geological
paradigms of the 1950s and 1960s as compared with the 1990s should leave little room for debate on this. Geologic site characterization
should be a dynamic, continuing process. A balanced approach must be sought, to provide adequate information for safety of
operations, neither slighting or overdoing the effort. Several examples are taken from the salt mining and storage industry,
which illustrate these principles, but there is widespread application to other geological media and engineering projects.
The ultimate benefit of valuing site characterization efforts may be more than just enhanced safety and health – costs not
expended in lost facilities and ligation can become profit.
Received: 13 September 1995 · Accepted: 21 November 1995 相似文献
14.
国际地球科学与资源环境科学发展战略分析 总被引：4，自引：5，他引：4
介绍了国际主要地学机构（NASA、USGS、NOAA、NERC、BGS）、主要组织（ICSU、EU、OECD、UNESCO）、国际主要基金机构（NSF、ESF）21世纪初10～20年有关地球科学与资源环境科学的研究与发展战略的目标、研究计划、主要研究内容与优先研究领域。这些机构与组织的地学与资源环境科学发展战略，反映了国际上地球科学与资源环境科学的研究重点和发展趋势，对把握国际地球科学与资源环境科学发展方向、明确我国地球科学与资源环境科学的战略重点和优先领域具有重要的参考价值。同时，依据美国科学信息研究所（ISI）的基本科学指标数据库（ESI），分析了过去20年国际地学（geosciences）、环境／生态学（environment／ec ology）领域著名科学家的国别和机构分布状况，分析了国际地学、环境／生态学过去10年成果产出最多、论文被引频次最多、篇均被引频次最高的前10个研究机构，反映了过去10年国际地学、环境／生态学研究的影响力。最后，简要分析了国际地球科学与资源环境科学的优先研究领域与主要特点。 相似文献
15.
Neil A. Chapman 《地学学报》1994,6(1):5-19
The last 10–15 years have produced a considerable amount of research into the geological disposal of radioactive wastes. This has had some very beneficial spin-offs for the geosciences. There are, however, a number of areas where it is difficult for earth scientists to provide quantitative information required for the types of long-term safety assessment being performed at present. With the likely increased stringency with which we may begin to treat other industrial wastes, much is to be learned from the radioactive waste experience. This article reviews some of the geological issues in constraining long-term predictions, discusses how geological data are used, and questions exactly what it is that we are trying to achieve in the management of these wastes and in the regulations concerning their disposal. 相似文献
16.
服务于大型综合地学科研项目的在线数据支撑平台 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大型综合地学科研项目产生的数据既是项目研究成果的组成部分, 又是科技创新的重要基础。面向复杂地学信息资源汇交、管理和共享的需要, 有必要建立针对项目自身运行管理和数据产出特色的在线数据支撑平台。本文以973项目“白垩纪地球表层系统重大地质事件与温室气候变化”为例, 研究并应用 Web Services技术与地理信息技术建立服务于特定项目的数据支撑平台。论文阐述了项目数据的分类方法和数据汇交机制, 并基于“数据-功能-用户”视图理念, 设计实现了提供数据汇交、管理和共享功能的数据服务门户以及对WebGIS的集成。应用结果表明: 在线数据支撑平台对发挥多源、复杂、高成本的地学科研数据共享利用价值具有良好的支撑作用; 同时, 具有一定通用性的平台框架对同类项目数据成果的归档管理以及验收汇报演示具有示范意义。 相似文献
17.
Krishna R. Reddy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(3):211-221
Throughout the world, subsurface contamination has become a widespread and pervasive problem. Toxic chemicals such as heavy
metals and organic compounds are commonly used in a myriad of industries. However, largely through inadvertent or accidental
release, these chemicals are presently polluting sites across the United States. In order to protect public health and the
environment, further pollution must be prevented and sites with existing contamination urgently need remediation. Unfortunately,
remediating subsurface contamination has proved to be a daunting task. Heavy metals and organic compounds often coexist and
their distribution within the subsurface is highly dependent on particle and macro-scale heterogeneities. Vast resources have
been invested to develop efficient remediation technologies, yet very few of these technologies have been successful. In-situ
remediation is often preferred due to minimal site disturbance, safety, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. The effectiveness
of in-situ remediation technologies depends largely on the contaminant chemistry and subsurface heterogeneities (including
particle-scale heterogeneities such as fine-grained soils, soils with reactive minerals, and/or soils rich in organic matter
as well as macro-scale heterogeneities such as irregular soil layers and/or lenses). Under such heterogeneous conditions,
integrated electrokinetic remediation technology has great potential. As a safe and economical remedial option for so many
contaminated sites, the application of integrated electrokinetic remediation offers enormous public health, environmental,
and financial benefits. 相似文献
18.
《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(5):F0003-F0003
1.Papers should be devoted mainly to various aspects of research concerning geosciences and related disciplines in China, such as stratigraphy, paleontology, origin and history of the Earth, structural geology, tectonics, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, geology of mineral deposits, hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, regional geology and new theories and technologies of geological exploration. Those of scientific interest to the geological community in China or of international interest are also welcome. 相似文献
19.
空间信息技术的发展及其在地球科学中的应用 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34
空间信息技术有两个分支：其一是空间图形信息技术,即地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）;其二是地质统计学。两种技术在本质上是相通的。ＧＩＳ的核心是建立图形元素的拓扑关系与建立空间数据库与属性数据库的联动关系。正是立足于这两个重要关系,使对千变万化的地学图形信息进行灵活高效的编辑、检索与显示成为可能。在迄今为止所有的计算机应用系统中,ＧＩＳ无疑将在地学中产生最重要的影响。地质统计学是一种空间数字处理技术,它是传统统计学的空间版本。用包含多元统计学的传统统计方法研究地质问题存在严重的缺陷,因为传统统计学忽略变量的空间存在,而地质过程具有强烈的空间性。地质统计学恰恰是立足于变量的空间关系发展起来的统计科学,因此它特别适用于地球科学。正如空间图形与空间数字可以相互转换一样,两种空间信息技术也存在内在的关系。利用ＧＩＳ与地质统计学这两种空间信息技术,使我们能不断地在空间图形与空间数字这两种状态间穿越。空间信息技术为地质学家在进行矿产资源预测、物化遥数据分析、地质环境评价、地质灾害评价与矿产资源管理等方面提供了强有力的工具。空间信息技术特别适合于地球科学,它不仅能大幅度地提高地球科学对图形的编制和研究的效率和水平,而且也将转变传统的? 相似文献
20.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(1)
Learning incorporates a broad range of complex procedures. Machine learning(ML) is a subdivision of artificial intelligence based on the biological learning process. The ML approach deals with the design of algorithms to learn from machine readable data. ML covers main domains such as data mining, difficultto-program applications, and software applications. It is a collection of a variety of algorithms(e.g. neural networks, support vector machines, self-organizing map, decision trees, random forests, case-based reasoning, genetic programming, etc.) that can provide multivariate, nonlinear, nonparametric regression or classification. The modeling capabilities of the ML-based methods have resulted in their extensive applications in science and engineering. Herein, the role of ML as an effective approach for solving problems in geosciences and remote sensing will be highlighted. The unique features of some of the ML techniques will be outlined with a specific attention to genetic programming paradigm. Furthermore,nonparametric regression and classification illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of ML for tackling the geosciences and remote sensing problems. 相似文献