共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
Neville W 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1990,10(1):27-42
Population characteristics of Brunei are examined, including ethnic composition, age and sex distribution, labor force participation, and occupational status. The author relates the population structure to the economic conditions in Brunei and discusses future implications for economic and social policy. 相似文献
2.
在对中国农村剩余劳动力现状描述的基础上 ,对剩余劳动力形成的原因进行了分析与阐述 ;结合目前形势 ,指出未来农村剩余劳动力的转移前景不容乐观 ;并在此基础上阐述了中国剩余劳动力转移途径和主要措施 相似文献
3.
黄淮海地区农村劳动力剩余与转移研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黄淮海地区农村劳动力的转移历史以1978年为界分为前后两个阶段。劳动就业目前仍集中于农业,农业劳动力多为兼业性的。农村劳动力转移水平普遍较低,地域分异明显,农村劳动力剩余量较大。劳动力转移的基本措施包括促进经济总体增长,提高乡镇企业就业弹性、提高劳动力文化素质、完善小城镇和劳动力市场建设。 相似文献
4.
京津冀地区作为中国经济发展的重要区域之一,其农村地区农业劳动力的减少与老龄化已成为关系农业、农村与农民利益的重要问题。为此,本文对京津冀地区县域农业劳动力数量与其老龄化的时空演变进行了分析,探讨了农业劳动力数量与其老龄化之间的耦合关系,剖析了乡村振兴背景下京津冀不同县域农业劳动力及其老龄化的特征,提出不同类型未来农业劳动力的发展方向,拓宽了乡村地理学的研究视角。结果表明：① 京津冀地区农业劳动力数量整体呈下降趋势,北京周边和东部沿海地区农业劳动力数量下降趋势明显;② 农业劳动力的年龄整体呈老龄化趋势,北部地区老龄化程度最为严重;③ 京津冀县域农业劳动力数量与农业劳动力老龄化程度的耦合特征可划分为慢速-轻度老龄化、慢速-重度老龄化、快速-深度老龄化、快速-中度老龄化四大类型区。 相似文献
5.
《Urban geography》2013,34(8):720-740
Rural women represent an increasingly differentiated labor force, but do they experience the “friction of distance” entailed by the emergence of distinct metropolitan and nonmetropolitan labor markets in different ways? This paper uses survey data to examine the differential impacts of spatial constraints on groups of women workers. Cluster analysis is used to differentiate the labor force experiences of our employed survey respondents; significant differences exist in the transportation resources and labor force participation decisions among the three clusters identified and there is some indication that these differences also pose problems for intermittent participants in the labor force. The paper presents conclusions about concrete ways that space intervenes to shape (rather than merely contain) labor-force participation. 相似文献
6.
7.
基于2003~2015年中国256个地级市面板数据,对城市中高低技能劳动力耦合协调度进行衡量,并就扩大低技能劳动力规模对城市收入水平的影响进行了分析。主要结论为：① 过去10 a间,中国市级层面的高低技能劳动力耦合协调度总体上升,但上升幅度存在显著的区域间差异;② 七大国土区域内部的高低技能劳动力耦合协调度差异不断扩大,表明城市间高低技能劳动力流动正在加速;③ SLM和SEM模型均表明,地市级层面的低技能劳动力比重、城市收入水平和城市规模三者正相关,说明城市经济规模越大,扩大其低技能劳动力比重,越有助于提升城市总体收入水平。 相似文献
8.
上海从业劳动力空间分布变动分析 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
根据地方专业化指数与负指数函数模型方法, 利用上海市1996 年和2001 年两次基本单位普查基于工作地的从业劳动力数据, 分别以不同圈层、区县及乡镇街道为基本地域单元, 系统地考察了1996~2001年间上海从业劳动力的空间分布及其变动特征。发现上海从业劳动 力分布总体上呈都心区密度最高、由此向外依次降低的负指数函数分布的圈层结构模式。其 变动呈现都心区密度下降、周边地区上升、从业劳动力由都心区逐步向周边地区扩散的均衡化趋势。第二、三产业从业劳动力的分布变动互不相同: 第二产业主要表现为由中心城区向郊区扩散的较大范围的单向均衡化变动; 第三产业从业劳动力空间分布的变动则相对更向中心城区集聚, 表现为在距离市中心15 km 圈内由都心区向其边缘区扩散、15 km 圈以外地区特别是远郊区则反呈趋向中心城区的集中化变动。上海城市功能分异正向中心城区以“商” 为主、郊区以“工”为主, 空间模式由单中心结构向多中心结构演变。从业劳动力的这种空 间分布模式及其变动趋势, 基本符合大城市空间发展的一般规律。 相似文献
9.
随着中国人口红利逐渐消失,劳动力技能升级的问题日益突出。已有研究表明,发展中国家融入全球生产网络体系并非必定能够促进劳动力技能的升级。论文以中国大陆地区主要地级市为例,利用2005、2010、2015年的面板数据,试图分析国际贸易对各地区劳动力技能结构变动及技能升级方面的影响。结果表明：出口贸易对地区高技能劳动力就业比重具有抑制作用,表现为出口贸易对劳动力技能降级的影响;而进口贸易所产生的技术扩散效应尚未显现,进出口贸易整体影响并不显著。进一步来看,从区域产业地理格局角度,对外贸易影响了不同技能水平劳动力人群的区域间流动,使得对外贸易对劳动力技能升级的影响效果在不同的区位与城市规模特征间存在显著差异。沿海城市和大城市主要表现为进口贸易显著促进高技能劳动力就业比重进而带来地区劳动力技能升级,相对于内陆地区和小城市而言,出口贸易会带来高技能劳动力就业比重下降,地区劳动力技能呈现降级趋势。 相似文献
10.
珠三角外围地区农村回流劳动力的就业选择及影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在农村劳动力持续外流的同时,农村地区的劳动力存在着弱回流,农村回流劳动力对乡村振兴与重构极为重要。基于珠三角外围地区不同地域类型的15个村的问卷调查资料,采用Logistic回归模型,对农村回流劳动力的就业选择特征及非农就业的影响因素进行综合分析。研究发现：① 外出务工的工资性收入的资本积累,是返乡从事零售、杂货、服装和个体修理等个体经营的基础,非农就业在空间选择上倾向于中心镇或县（区）。② 农村人口外流致使农村地域的人地关系发生显著变化,农地生计保障性功能弱化,农地规模经营的租种成本降低,部分农村回流劳动力选择从事农业生产,主要以种植经济果林、药材为主,助推了农用地非粮化。③ 农村回流劳动力的非农就业受到个人特征、家庭特征、村庄特征等多元因素影响。在个人特征方面,年龄越小、受教育程度越高的回流者从事非农职业的倾向性越大;在家庭特征方面,家庭务农人数与务工人数越少、农田面积越小的回流劳动力倾向于从事非农职业;在村庄特征方面,不同县域的农村劳动力就业倾向差异较大,距离县城越近的农村劳动力从事非农职业的几率越大。县域村镇体系的中心地发展与规划建设是乡村转型发展的关键地域节点。 相似文献
11.
Ann M. Oberhauser 《The Professional geographer》1991,43(4):431-445
Since World War II, migrant labor has contributed significantly to Western Europe's economic growth. Initially, industries recruited and hired migrant workers to overcome labor shortages and downward demographic trends within the domestic work force. Since the recession of the mid-1970s, however, migrant labor has faced increasing job loss and restricted entry to many Western European countries. Throughout the postwar period, state immigration policy has supported industry, initially by assisting in the recruitment, and more recently, facilitating the repatriation of migrant workers. Economic and social disparities between developed core and underdeveloped peripheral countries are linked to international labor mobility. Certain sectors in the core benefit from the reserve labor force while emigration from peripheral countries partially contributes to these countries' economic problems. These issues are explored through a case study of the employment of North Africans in the French automobile industry. 相似文献
12.
长江中游退田还湖地区农业劳动力转移特征与途径 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文在对洞庭湖退田还湖地区实地调查的基础上,分析了退田还湖地区农业剩余劳动力的转移特征与制约因素。结果发现,该地区总体劳动力转移的比重很低,以青壮年为主,受教育程度普遍较低,不能满足城市劳务市场的需要,另外,农民外出打工就业信息不畅、成本较高也是重要的制约因素。最后针对该地区农村经济发展与劳动力的就业状况,结合国内外相关研究资料,认为农业劳动力转移途径有:调整农业内部结构与布局,挖掘农业内部就业潜力,加强农业产业化发展,对乡镇企业进行战略性调整,与小城镇建设相结合,促进农村城镇化进程,发展湿地生态旅游业,采取积极的措施,促进农业劳动力的异地转移 相似文献
13.
US regional and state migration data from the 1940s–80s, when members of the baby boom generation aged into their years of peak labor force mobility, suggest ways in which changing age composition regulates geographical mobility and interregional migration. Labor supply pressure plays a key role in the dynamics of the national migration system. A “delayed mobility” effect in the 1980s similar to the delayed fertility of the baby boom cohorts appears to be a result of the depressed rates of mobility experienced by members of this generation when they flooded regional labor markets with record numbers of entrants in the 1970s. Recent temporal shifts in age-specific volumes of interregional migration help predict the future pace of migration based upon the projected age distribution of the nation. 相似文献
14.
中国市域工业污染对劳动力集聚的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2003~2016年中国286个地级及以上城市数据,研究工业污染和劳动力空间分布的演化特征及内在联系,继而将地区收入水平和工业集聚作为门槛变量研究工业污染对劳动力集聚影响。结果表明：①工业污染和劳动力的重心在移动方向上背向而驰,工业污染重心整体向北移动,劳动力重心整体向南移动,工业污染与劳动力的空间分布演化特征与二者相应的重心移动轨迹相契合。②工业污染会造成劳动力集聚水平降低,且随着地区收入水平的提高,高污染水平导致劳动力集聚水平下降的现象愈发明显。③以工业集聚作为门槛变量时,工业污染对劳动力集聚的影响存在明显的区域差异性,全国和东部地区劳动力集聚水平呈现出先降低后升高特征,中部地区为逐步升高的正向效应,西部地区则是逐步降低的负向效应。 相似文献
15.
农村人口非农化与中国城镇化问题 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在传统农业社会向现代工业社会转变的工业化和现代化过程中,农村劳动力大规模的转移、农业劳动力占社会总劳动力份额大幅度的下降是世界各国经济发展的趋势.改革开放30年来,我国的城镇化水平已由1978年的18.6%提升到2008年的45%左右.其中很重要的因素就是有1.5亿的农民工进城务工,约有一半的农民工已转化为城镇的暂住人口,这是我国城市化成长发展的主流形式.从农村人口非农化过程推动我国有特色的城市化、城镇化发展的动力机制以及城乡统筹与城镇化的策略等方面探索农村人口非农化与我国城市化的相互关系,并用科学发展观指导我国城市化可持续发展的进程. 相似文献
16.
17.
Saraswati Raju 《The Professional geographer》1982,34(1):42-49
Using 1971 census data, this paper looks at variations in the level of female participation in the urban labor force in four states of India: Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Contrary to a general notion, women belonging to both high and low strata of the caste hierarchy are subject to the same region-specific set of societal attitudes regarding their participation in the labor force. In the South there is greater acceptance of female participation in the public domain than in the North. Cultural and historical processes appear to account in subtle ways for this regional variation. 相似文献
18.
《Urban geography》2013,34(4):339-362
This paper analyzes the spatial structure of the labor market for highly trained labor employed in manufacturing industry in 1980. The locus of activity for this labor force is California-Metropolitan California in particular. Cities in the traditional manufacturing belt, such as Chicago and Detroit, also have a significant number of highly trained workers. The analysis confirms that this occupational group is concentrated at the metropolitan level, and that the degree of concentration is increasing. We examine the main dynamics of this labor market by isolating a primary circuit of labor flows. This primary circuit is made up of the metropolitan areas that have unusually large numbers of highly trained manufacturing labor. The study analyzes the intermetropolitan migration behavior of these workers using two sets of Poisson regression spatial interaction models and reveals that eastern metropolitan areas function as important nodes of dispersal. In contrast, this labor force is becoming increasingly concentrated in western metropolitan areas. 相似文献
19.
20.
Trends in location, labor force, and procurement practices in maquiladoras are examined using recent data sources. A growing proportion of maquiladoras are selecting interior locations, south of the borderlands. Once dominated by young women, the labor force is rapidly approaching gender parity. While far below prevailing rates in the United States, maquiladora wages are comparable with equivalent manufacturing sectors in Mexico. Majority ownership of maquiladoras is split almost evenly between Mexico and the U.S., however, maquiladoras have failed to develop domestic sources of materials and parts and remain dependent on imported material inputs. As the North American Free Trade Agreement is phased in, the regulatory environment of maquiladoras will change but their role as low cost assembly specialists will persist. 相似文献