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1.
重液材料多钨酸钠在青海湖沉积物重力分离中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多钨酸钠是一种无毒、易配制、可循环使用、密度高的新型无机重液.本文利用多钨酸钠重液,用离心机重力分离的方法将青海湖沉积物分成低(≤1.9g/cm3)、中(1.2-2.8g/cm3)、高(≥2.8g/cm3)三个密度组分,平均回收率为96.5%.重力分离后的沉积物测试分析发现,有机质主要分布在富粘土矿物的中密度组,揭示了粘土矿物的表面吸附是青海湖底沉积物有机质的主要赋存形式. 相似文献
2.
1972年,在浙江缙云首次发现天然沸石.天然沸石具有吸附分离、离子交换、催化等独特的性质,以及耐酸、耐辐射、成本低、储量大等特点,目前已逐步成为一种新 相似文献
3.
浙江缙云斜发沸石水的核磁共振分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用宽线NMR技术,结合红外测定,研究了缙云斜发沸石中水的结构类型、存在状态、运动特征和热稳定性。结果表明:缙云斜发沸石中的沸石水按其运动特性可以分为受阻旋转水、自由旋转水和自扩散运动水三种类型,它们以谱线中分裂的双线和线宽不同的单峰相区别。低温时,受阻旋转运动的水在晶格中转变为刚性配置。其脱水次序决定于各类型水与沸石结构骨架键合的强弱,脱水是连续的。研究显示缙云斜发沸石的结构骨架相当疏宽,骨架对水分子的吸引力没有严格的方向性,这一特性有利于阳离子的交换。 相似文献
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运用X射线衍射、扫描电镜形貌研究及微区化学成分分析等手段,对浙江省缙云县壶镇盆地及其外围沸石矿床沸石进行系统研究,确定其矿物组成主要为斜发沸石和丝光沸石,二者可单独产出,也可形成混合型矿石。研究区矿石在成分上属高硅型沸石,SiO2/Al2O3比值接近于8,有害元素Fe,Mn,Ti等质量分数很低。物化性能测试表明,浙江省缙云县壶镇盆地及其外围沸石矿为高品级沸石矿,矿石NH4＋交换容量为163 mmol/100 g～212 mmol/100 g,K＋交换容量为15.73×10-3～19.30×10-3,氮气吸附能力为13.1 ml/g～21.0 ml/g,比表面积测试值为157.17 m^2/g～191.50 m^2/g,具有良好的开发应用前景。 相似文献
5.
浙江缙云中生代陆相火山岩沸石矿床地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浙江省缙云县是我国东部中生代陆相火山岩型沸石矿床的重要产区。本文主要叙述了浙江缙云壶镇盆地及外围的沸石矿区-区域地质概况及矿床地质特征。 相似文献
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天然丝光沸石表面重构改性及其在水中去除重金属的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
天然丝光沸石作为一种绿色廉价多孔材料广泛应用于环境治理中去除重金属,目前报道的天然沸石对重金属的去除率多在60%～90%,提升其去除效率已成为研究热点。本文采用正硅酸乙酯对天然丝光沸石进行表面重构改性,通过TEM、XRD、BET等手段表征其形貌和结构。结果表明:正硅酸乙酯水解生成的SiO_2可与天然丝光沸石复合形成新颖的"SiO_2/丝光沸石",原沸石表面包覆了新生纳米SiO_2孔结构,同时没有损坏原始沸石的多孔结构,使改性沸石材料兼具了天然丝光沸石和纳米SiO_2孔结构优点,增强了对重金属离子的吸附能力。该改性材料对水中Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Mn~(2+)的最高吸附率为99. 3%、97. 1%、98. 3%和97. 0%,且极少解吸,性能稳定。考虑经济成本并保证合适吸附率的情况下选择吸附效率最佳的投加量,得到改性材料对初始浓度10 mg/L的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Mn~(2+)溶液的最佳投加量分别为0. 5 g/L、2 g/L、2 g/L、5 g/L,可为中试和规模应用提供参考。较之焙烧、酸、碱、盐和有机改性,本改性方式对多种重金属均有高的吸附率,并显现出操作简便、成本低和环境友好等优势,具有较好应用前景。 相似文献
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综合应用显微观测、化学分析和物化检测手段，对黑龙江省穆棱沸石矿床沸石岩进行了系统研究，确定其矿物组成主要为斜发沸石和丝光沸石，二可单独产出，也可形成混合型矿石。该矿石在成分上属高硅型沸石，SiO2／Al2O3比值均大于8，有富元素As、Pb等较低。物化性能测试表明，穆棱沸石矿为高品级沸石矿，矿石平均热失重值达12．8％，NH4^ 交换容量为146．10meq/100g^,K^ 交换容量平均9．58mmol/100g，丝光沸石热稳定性可稳定至800℃-900℃，具有良好的开发应用前景。 相似文献
8.
沸石的活化处理及其对铅、钴的吸附性研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
通过对沸石的活化方法和其基本物化性能（主要包括化学成分、阳离子交换容量、密度、比表面积、孔径、渗透系数及热稳定性）及Pb^2＋,Co^2＋离子的吸附性能的初步研究认识到：1）经过酸化并经热处理后的沸石的阳离子交换容量（CEC）明显高于未经处理的原土;2）通过实验得出粒度为100目的天然沸石经酸活化处理后在300C下热活化,1．5h后测得离子交换量为最佳;3）沸石的密度为1．789g／cm^3;渗透系数为0．087cm／s（20℃）;体积平均粒径为13μm;比表面积为190．67m^2／g,平均孔径为102．27nm;4）沸石对重金属离子的吸附实验表明沸石对重金属离子Pb^2＋的吸附性能优于Co^2＋,20min时Pb^2＋和Co^2＋的吸附比（Rd）分别为20238．8ml／g及63．8ml／g;Pb^2＋和Co^2＋去除率分别为99．50％和40．00％。 相似文献
9.
《地质科技情报》2015,(5)
LST(solution of lithium heteropolytungstates in water)重液是一种安全无毒、黏性小、密度高、稳定性强、回收率高,可用于分离提取微体化石及矿物的新型无机重液。在将LST重液用于牙形石的分离提取实验中,对LST重液的配制、回收再利用以及分离提取牙形石的操做流程做了详细论述。在实际操作中,建议对于原岩为灰岩的样品,重液密度配制为2.80~2.81g/mL为宜,对于原岩为白云岩的样品,重液密度配制为2.82~2.83g/mL为宜。LST重液与三溴甲烷、四溴乙烷、二碘甲烷、杜列液和多钨酸钠重液相比,在分离提取牙形石方面具有明显优势。建议在矿物和微体化石等的分离提取实际应用中,使用LST重液取代传统的有机重液以及无机重液。 相似文献
10.
13X沸石分子筛的比表面积和孔分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对利用钾长石粉水热合成的13X沸石分子筛分别进行了比表面积和孔分布测定。结果表明:13X沸石分子筛比表面积约为621.50~747.40 m2/g,总孔体积约为0.344 70~0.393 70 cm3/g;具有高比例且孔径小于2.50 nm的微孔,中-小型实验样品(SXZ-10g和SXZ-1kg)的微孔体积比例相近,为81.33%~84.70%,而扩大实验样品(SXZ-10kg)的微孔体积比例为67.90%~67.98%。13X沸石分子筛微孔的含量是决定13X沸石分子筛具有高比表面积和高效吸附性能的前提。 相似文献
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The D/H ratios of separated size fractions of clay minerals in two deep sea sediments taken from depths of 30 and 1100cm in a North Pacific Ocean core were measured to investigate the extent of hydrogen isotope exchange between detrital clay minerals and sea water. The D/H ratio of each size fraction of the shallower sample was compared with that of the corresponding size fraction of the deeper sample. No differences were detected between D/H ratios of corresponding size fractions from the two levels in the core except for the <0.1μm size fraction, which makes up only 5% of the sample. Even in this size fraction only about 8–28% D/H exchange is apparent. This is interpreted as indicating that no significant hydrogen isotope exchange between clay minerals and sea water has occurred during the past 2–3 Myr. Therefore information concerning the provenance and mode of formation of detrital clay minerals can be obtained from the D/H ratios of deep sea sediments younger than 2–3 Myr. 相似文献
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为了揭示湘中与湘东南坳陷海陆过渡相页岩含气潜力及勘探方向,对该区下石炭统岩关阶组和上二叠统龙潭组泥页岩进行总有机碳含量TOC、镜质体反射率Rran、干酪根碳同位素、有机质显微组成、X衍射、扫描电镜、孔渗特征和等温吸附等测试。结果表明岩关阶组和龙潭组处于成熟-高成熟期、类型以Ⅲ型为主;龙潭组泥页岩TOC含量普遍较高、而岩关阶组泥页岩TOC含量较低。龙潭组和岩关阶关组泥页岩矿物主要为黏土矿物和石英,部分含有较高的方解石。这两套页岩的孔隙发育较差,主要孔隙类型为有机孔、溶蚀孔和层间裂缝。孔隙度为0.41%~2.76%、渗透率为（0.08~0.98）×10-3 μm2。孔隙度主要受TOC控制,不稳定矿物如长石和碳酸盐岩虽然能提供一定孔隙,但对页岩物性的影响有限。泥页岩的甲烷吸附量普遍在1.67~2.5 cm3/g,2015H-D3井龙潭组泥页岩现场解吸气量普遍大于0.5 cm3/g,最高为2.35 cm3/g,表明湘中和湘东南地区龙潭组具有一定的页岩气潜力,但岩关阶组勘探前景相对较差。 相似文献
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Clay minerals can hinder the transport of various contaminants in soil and aquifer, but how clay minerals affect the transport of nanoparticles in aquifers has not been investigated in depth. In this paper, the transport of surfactants dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in well-defined quartz sand and mixtures of quartz sand and clay minerals (kaolinite and montmorillonite) with varying ionic strengths was studied. Sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS) and octyl-phenol-ethoxylate (TX100) MWCNT suspensions can migrate through quartz sand easily, but the presence of less than 2% w/w clay minerals in quartz sand can significantly hinder the transport of MWCNT suspensions, especially at high ion strength (0.6 mM CaCl2). The inhibition mechanism of clay minerals for surfactant-dispersed MWCNTs in porous media is the interception of MWCNTs. Kaolinite has stronger inhibition effect for MWCNTs transport than montmorillonite because more kaolinite can be retained in the quartz sand. Adsorption of surfactants by clay minerals does not affect the transport of MWCNTs significantly. This finding is important for the environmental assessment of MWCNT transport risks in soils and aquifers. 相似文献
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Transformational changes of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals during diagenesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Diagenetic transformation of clay minerals, zeolites and silica minerals in Cretaceous and Tertiary argillaceous rocks from deeply drilled wells in Japan were studied. Transformations of these minerals during diagenesis were as follows: in clay minerals, montmorillonite → montmorillonite-illite mixed-layer mineral → illite; in zeolites, volcanic glass → clinoptilolite → heulandite and/or analcite → laumontite and/or albite; in silica minerals, amorphous silica → low-cristobalite → low-quartz. Maximum overburden pressures and geothermal temperatures corresponding to these transformations in each well studied were calculated. For clay minerals, a pressure of approximately 900 kg cm?2 and a temperature of about 100°C are necessary for the transformation from montmorillonite to mixed-layer mineral and 920 kg cm?2 and 140°C for mixed-layer mineral to illite. Transformation from kaolinite to other minerals requires much higher pressures and temperatures than from montmorillonite to mixed-layer mineral. For zeolites, 330 kg cm?2 and 60°C are required for the transformation from volcanic glass to clinoptilolite, 860 kg cm?2 and 120°C for clinoptilolite to heulandite and/or analcite, and 930 kg cm?2 and 140°C for heulandite and/or analcite to laumontite and/or albite. For silica minerals, 250 kg cm?2 and 50°C are necessary for the transformation from amorphous silica to low-cristobalite and 660 kg cm?2 and 70°C for low-cristobalite to low-quartz. Based on these diagenetic mineral transformations, seven mineral zones are recognized in argillaceous sediments. On the other hand, from the porosity studies of argillaceous sediments in Japan, the process of diagenesis is classified into the following three stages. The early compaction stage is marked by shallow burial and viscous rocks with more than 30% porosity. The late compaction stage is characterized by intermediate burial and plastic rocks with 30-10% porosities. The transformation stage is marked by deep burial and elastic rocks with less than 10% porosity. 相似文献
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基于野外地质和钻井资料,结合相关实验测试结果,对湘西北地区下古生界海相页岩储层特征进行了深入研究,并探讨了页岩甲烷含气性及影响因素。结果表明：牛蹄塘组黑色页岩以深水陆棚斜坡相沉积为主,厚度范围为50~250 m;龙马溪组为闭塞海湾沉积,底部黑色页岩发育。两组页岩有机质类型均属于Ⅰ型,有机碳含量平均为3.57%和1.16%,热演化程度较高,平均达2.61%和2.08%。受沉积环境和成岩作用影响,两组页岩均具有高石英、低黏土、少量碳酸盐矿物的组成特征。页岩储集空间可划分为3大类：矿物基质孔、有机质孔、微裂缝。受有机质和黏土矿物等因素影响,页岩内部孔隙结构参数各不同,但主体上孔径小于50 nm的微孔和中孔提供了大部分比表面积和孔体积,为气体存储主要场所。牛蹄塘组页岩甲烷最大吸附量平均为1.98 cm3/g;龙马溪组页岩甲烷最大吸附量较低,为1.16 cm3/g。其中有机质与黏土矿物对页岩甲烷吸附量均有一定的贡献,而过高的成熟度和含水量可导致页岩吸附能力下降。 相似文献
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Trace element concentrations of altered basaltic glass shards (layer silicates) and zeolites in volcaniclastic sediments drilled in the volcanic apron northeast of Gran Canaria during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) leg 157 document variable element mobilities during low-temperature alteration processes in a marine environment. Clay minerals (saponite, montmorillonite, smectite) replacing volcanic glass particles are enriched in transition metals and rare earth elements (REE). The degree of retention of REE within the alteration products of the basaltic glass is correlated with the field strength of the cations. The high field-strength elements are preferentially retained or enriched in the alteration products by sorption through clay minerals. Most trace elements are enriched in a boundary layer close to the interface mineral-altered glass. This boundary layer has a key function for the physico-chemical conditions of the subsequent alteration process by providing a large reactive surface and by lowering the fluid permeability. The release of most elements is buffered by incorporation into secondary precipitates (sodium-rich zeolites, phillipsite, Fe- and Mn-oxides) as shown by calculated distribution coefficients between altered glasses and authigenic minerals. Chemical fluxes change from an open to a closed system behavior during prograde low-temperature alteration of volcaniclastic sediments with no significant trace metal flux from the sediment to the water column. 相似文献
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非金属矿物的改型改性及其在环境保护中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沸石、粘土矿物及石棉都是重要的非金属矿物。通过物理的和化学的改型改性，可以明显地提高沸石及粘土矿物的离子交换性、吸附性及催化性等，可用作环境中无机和有机毒物的离子交换剂、吸附剂或燃烧催化剂。对石棉的表面改性则可以抑制或改变石棉的有害生理活性，减少石棉生产以人体及环境的危害。 相似文献
20.
Summary ¶Mineral grains unidentifiable by means of cathodoluminescence (CL) and/or polarizing microscopy (including non-luminescent or opaque minerals) can be readily identified with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, attached to the CL equipment. Chemical identification is possible of mineral grains (ten to a few tens of microns) that are even smaller than the electron beam area, by using index elements if the unknown mineral analyzed is surrounded by grains of simple or known chemical composition (e.g. minute areas of carbonate cement surrounded by quartz or clay minerals; clay cements surrounded by quartz or carbonate) and simultaneous with CL microscopy.Results are presented of Cambrian, Carboniferous and Jurassic sandstones from Sweden and Germany. Transparent and opaque minerals, i.a. feldspars, luminescent and non-luminescent carbonate minerals as well as luminescent and non-luminescent clay minerals were identified in thin sections. The analytical procedure described here is especially helpful when rapid petrographic analysis has to be carried out of samples with complex composition, of which the petrographer had no previous experience. 相似文献