共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
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利用青海湖流域近57a逐日最高、最低气温和降水资料,采用国际通用的极端天气指数,分析极端气温和降水的变化特征。结果表明:1)青海湖流域暖昼日数显著增加,在1994—1995年间发生了突变;冷夜日数野牛沟、天峻显著增加,其余地区显著减少;霜冻日数显著下降,霜冻季节缩短。2)青海湖流域强降水量增加明显,在2004年前后发生突变;持续干燥指数趋于减小,但祁连地区趋于增加;持续湿润指数变化不明显,野牛沟、天峻、门源趋于减少,其余各站趋于上升。3)青海湖流域暖昼日数存在4a的准周期,冷夜日数有8a的明显周期,霜冻日数周期不明显,强降水量4a的周期较明显,持续干燥指数有15a周期,持续湿润指数6a的周期明显。 相似文献
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利用甘肃省定西地区岷县、临洮和华家岭3个站点的气温数据,应用线性趋势拟合等方法,基于10个气温指数,研究了1955—2016年定西地区极端气温变化趋势和特征。结果表明,霜冻日数、结冰日数、冷日日数和冷夜日数4个指数呈下降趋势,而极端最高气温、极端最低气温、夏日日数、热夜日数、冷日日数和冷夜日数6个指数均呈上升趋势。气温变化的第一主周期为30 a,第二主周期为17 a。夏日日数、热夜日数、暖日日数和暖夜日数的变化在气温总体变化中起主要作用。极端最低气温与霜冻日数、冷日日数、冷夜日数显著相关,极端最高气温与夏日日数、暖日日数、暖夜日数显著相关,暖夜日数与霜冻日数也具有较高的相关性。气温指数突变大多发生在1993—1999年。 相似文献
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基于流域内的3个气象站点1960-2020年逐日最高气温、最低气温和降水量等基础资料,采用线性倾向回归分析法、Mann-Kendall突变检验法和小波分析等方法进行研究,分析和揭示了澜沧江上游流域在时间尺度上的变化。研究结果表明：(1)在1960-2020年,澜沧江上游流域的极端气温暖昼日数(TX90P)和暖夜日数(TN90P)呈显著上升趋势,速率分别为1.6d/10a和2.7d/10a;冷昼日数(TX10P)和冷夜日数(TN10P)呈显著下降趋势,速率分别为1.2d/10a和2.7d/10a,而极端降水变化只有持续湿润指数(CWD)的变化趋势不显著,其余三个降水指标降水总量(PRCPTOT)、1日最大降水量(RX1day)、5日最大降水量(RX5day)都呈显著上升趋势,速率分别为18.8mm/10a、0.5mm/10a和0.8mm/10a。(2)澜沧江上游流域极端气温指数冷昼日数(TX10P)在1992年出现突变点,冷夜日数(TN10P)在1978-1993年间出先了连续突变现象,极端气温指数降水总量(PRCPTOT)在2000年以后发生突变,这也说明了在时间尺度上的变化明显。(3)在1960-2020年,澜沧江上游流域的极端气温和极端降水周期特征变化显著,均存在多时间尺度的特征,第一主周期主要在10-15a、15-20a和25-30a三个时间尺度范围内。 相似文献
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利用1960-2014年湖南省88个地面气象站日最高和最低气温的均一化资料,运用百分位阈值法统计暖日、暖夜、冷日和冷夜数,采用线性回归、M-K突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法,研究湖南省55a以来极端气温事件的时空变化特征。结果表明：(1)湖南省暖日和暖夜数呈上升趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为0.68d.(10a)-1、2.73 d.(10a)-1,冷日和冷夜数呈下降趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为-0.45d.(10a)-1、-2.46d.(10a)-1,夜间增暖幅度大于白天增暖幅度;(2)湖南省大部分地区的暖日、暖夜数呈上升趋势,冷日数、冷夜数呈下降趋势,其中湘北、湘南部分地区变化趋势明显;(3)暖日、暖夜、冷夜数有明显的阶段性变化,其突变检验特征较明显,暖日、暖夜分别在2008、2003年突变增加,冷夜在1986年突变减少;(4)湖南省极端气温日数在不同的时间段存在着长短不同的振荡周期。 相似文献
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《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2016,(2)
利用1960—2014年湖南省88个地面气象站日最高和最低气温的均一化资料,运用百分位阈值法统计暖日、暖夜、冷日和冷夜数,采用线性回归、M-K突变检验、Morlet小波分析等方法,研究湖南省55 a以来极端气温事件的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)湖南省暖日和暖夜呈上升趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为0.68 d/10 a、2.73 d/10 a,冷日和冷夜呈下降趋势,其年际变化倾向率分别为-0.45 d/10 a、-2.46 d/10 a,夜间增暖显著;(2)湖南省大部分地区的暖日、暖夜呈上升趋势,冷日、冷夜呈下降趋势,其中湘西北、湘西南、湘东南部分地区变化趋势明显;(3)暖日、暖夜、冷夜有明显的阶段性变化,暖日、暖夜分别在2008、2003年突变增加,冷夜在1986年突变减少;(4)湖南省极端气温日数在不同的时间段存在着长短不同的振荡周期。 相似文献
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利用1960年以来藏东南地区27个气象站逐日的气温和降水数据,采用线性倾向率法、 Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析、极端气候指数等方法,研究藏东南地区气候变化特征。结果表明：(1)藏东南地区年平均气温、年最低气温和年最高气温均呈明显的增加趋势,升幅为0.29～0.43℃·(10a)-1。季节尺度上冬季增温最为明显。年降水量整体上呈增加趋势,线性趋势为6.66 mm·(10a)-1,其中夏、秋季呈减少态势,冬、春季呈增加态势。(2)气温和降水存在多个周期变化特征,在大时间尺度上均存在28年变化周期。(3)平均气温、最高气温和最低气温分别在1994年、 2001年和1992年发生突变,降水量在1979年发生突变。(4)表征极端气温增暖的指数(极端最高气温TXx、极端最低气温TNn、最高气温极小值TNx、最低气温极大值TXn)均呈增加趋势,高温事件频率指数(暖昼日数TX90p、暖夜日数TN90p)呈上升趋势,低温事件频率指数(冷昼日数TX10p、冷夜日数TN10p)呈减小趋势。高温事件持续性指数WSDI呈增大趋势,低温事件持续性指数CSDI呈... 相似文献
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近50 a齐齐哈尔市极端气候事件特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用目前国际上较流行的极端气候指数方法对1951～2006年齐齐哈尔市24种极端气候指数进行计算和分析,得到了齐齐哈尔市极端气候事件的事实和变化特征。结果表明:齐齐哈尔市的年最低气温、暖夜、热夜日数和生长季长度呈显著上升趋势;冷夜、冷日、霜日、冰日和日平均温差均呈显著下降趋势。各种降水指数的变化趋势都不显著;极端气温和降水指数均存在阶段性特征和突变特征;最低气温的增暖主要发生在20世纪80年代中期以后,而最高气温则在90年代以后变暖明显,夜间气温的上升对增暖进程的贡献更大;极端降水事件的强度和频率呈增加趋势,2000年以后增加趋势尤为明显。 相似文献
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利用目前国际上较流行的极端气候指数方法对1951～2006年齐齐哈尔市24种极端气候指数进行计算和分析,得到了齐齐哈尔市极端气候事件的事实和变化特征.结果表明:齐齐哈尔市的年最低气温、暖夜、热夜日数和生长季长度呈显著上升趋势;冷夜、冷日、霜日、冰日和日平均温差均呈最著下降趋势.各种降水指数的变化趋势都不显著;极端气温和降水指数均存在阶段性特征和突变特征:最低气温的增暖主要发生在20世纪80年代中期以后,而最高气温则在90年代以后变暖明显,夜间气温的上升对增暖进程的贡献更大;极端降水事件的强度和频率呈增加趋势,2000年以后增加趋势尤为明显. 相似文献
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1957-2000年东北地区春季极端气温变化及其与北极涛动的关系 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
利用东北地区32个测站1957-2000年逐日气温资料,分析了东北春季极端气温指数的变化特征及其与同期和前期北极涛动指数的关系。结果表明：春季日气温距平值基本上是由高纬向低纬、由东向西增加;44 a来日气温距平强度变化呈现正趋势,春季的冷日和冷夜呈减少趋势,暖日和暖夜呈增加趋势。东北春季气温与春季北极涛动（Arctic Oscillation, AO）在年际时间尺度上具有很强的正相关性,AO和极端气温指数也存在着相同的变化周期和突变时间。 相似文献
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A Simulation Study on the Extreme Temperature Events of the 20th Century by Using the BCC_AGCM 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 DONG Min WU Tongwen WANG Zaizhi CHENG Yanjie ZHANG Fang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(4):489-506
Extreme temperature events are simulated by using the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model (BCC AGCM) in this paper. The model has been run for 136 yr with the observed external forcing data including solar insolation, greenhouse gases, and monthly sea surface temperature (SST). The daily maximum and minimum temperatures are simulated by the model, and 16 indices representing various extreme temperature events are calculated based on these two variables. The results show that the maximum of daily maximum temperature (TXX), maximum of daily minimum (TNX), minimum of daily maximum (TXN), minimum of daily minimum (TNN), warm days (TX90p), warm nights (TN90p), summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increasing trends during the 20th century in most regions of the world, while the cold days (TX10p), cold nights (TN10p), and cold spell duration index (CSDI) have decreasing trends. The probability density function (PDF) of warm/cold days/nights for three periods of 1881-1950, 1951- 1978, and 1979-2003 is examined. It is found that before 1950, the cold day/night has the largest probability, while for the period of 1979-2003, it has the smallest probability. In contrast to the decreasing trend of cold days/nights, the PDF of warm days/nights exhibits an opposite trend. In addition, the frost days (FD) and ice days (ID) have decreasing trends, the growing season has lengthened, and the diurnal temperature range is getting smaller during the 20th century. A comparison of the above extreme temperature indices between the model output and NCEP data (taken as observation) for 1948-2000 indicates that the mean values and the trends of the simulated indices are close to the observations, and overall there is a high correlation between the simulated indices and the observations. But the simulated trends of FD, ID, growing season length, and diurnal temperature range are not consistent with the observations and their correlations are low or even negative. This indicates that the model is incapable to simulate these four indices although it has captured most indices of the extreme temperature events. 相似文献
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Changing Trends of Daily Temperature Extremes with Different Intensities in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By comparing two sets of quality-controlled daily temperature observation data with and without the inhomogeneity test and adjustment from 654 stations in China during 1956-2004 and 1956-2010, impacts of inhomogeneity on changing trends of four percentile temperature extreme indices, including occurrences of cold days, cold nights, warm days, and warm nights with varying intensities, were discussed. It is found that the inhomogeneity affected the long-term trends averaged over extensive regions limitedly. In order to minimize the inhomogeneity impact, the 83 stations identified with obvious inhomogeneity impacts were removed, and an updated analysis of changing trends of the four temperature extreme indices with varying intensities during 1956-2010 was conducted. The results show that annual occurrences of both cold nights and cold days decreased greatly while those of warm nights and warm days increased significantly during the recent 20 years. The more extreme the event is, the greater the magnitude of changing trends for the temperature extreme index is. An obvious increasing trend was observed in annual occurrences of cold days and cold nights in the recent four years. The magnitude of changing trends of warm extreme indices was greater than that of cold extreme indices, and it was greater in northern China than in southern China. Trends for summer occurrence of cold days were not significant. Decreasing trends of occurrences of both cold nights and cold days were the greatest in December, January, and February (DJF) but the least in June, July, and August (JJA), while increasing trends of warm nights were the greatest in JJA. Cold nights significantly decreased from 1956 to 1990, and then the decreasing trend considerably weakened. The decreasing trend also showed an obvious slowdown in recent years for occurrence of cold days. However, increasing trends of warm nights and warm days both have been accelerated continuously since the recent decades. Further analysis presents that the evolution of the trends for occurrences of the four temperature extreme indices was dominated by the changes in northern China. 相似文献
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利用卫星遥感资料对安徽省46个台站进行分类,统计分析了城市站、郊区站和乡村站1961-2010年的极端气温指数的年和季节的变化趋势及其受城市化的影响和贡献。结果表明：1) 近50年来,除最高气温年极大值外,其他气温年极值都有明显上升趋势,以最低温度极小值最显著;暖日、暖夜天数呈增加趋势,而冷日、冷夜天数呈减少趋势,其中暖夜和冷夜变化趋势更明显;各极端指数的变化趋势总体均表现为城市站较乡村站更显著,郊区站介于两者之间。2) 城市站最高气温极大值、最低气温极大值和最低气温极小值因城市化造成的增温分别为0.144、0.184和0.161℃/10a,增温贡献率分别达100.0%、58.8%和21.6%,但城市化对最高气温极小值影响较弱;季节尺度的城市化影响基本都造成增温,春、秋季更明显,而增温贡献率以春、夏季更明显,冬季最小或不显著。3) 城市化效应使暖日和暖夜天数增加、冷夜天数减少的趋势更加显著,城市化影响贡献率都在40%以上;暖日、暖夜和冷夜天数的城市化影响贡献率都在冬季最小或不显著。 相似文献
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Xiujing YU Guoyu REN Panfeng ZHANG Jingbiao HU Ning LIU Jianping LI Chenchen ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(4):347-358
In China and East Asia,the long-term continuous observational data at daily resolution are insufficient,and thus there is a lack of good understanding of the extreme climate variation over the last 100 years plus.In this study,the extreme temperature indices defined by ETCCDI(Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices)and local meteorological administrations were analyzed for Changchun City,Northeast China,by using the daily maximum temperature(Tmax)and daily minimum temperature(Tmin)over 1909?2018.The results showed that extreme cold events,such as cold days,cold nights,frost days,icing days,and low temperature days,decreased significantly at rates of?0.41 d(10 yr)^?1,?1.45 d(10 yr)^?1,?2.28 d(10 yr)^?1,?1.16 d(10 yr)?1 and?1.90 d(10 yr)^?1,respectively.Warm nights increased significantly at a rate of 1.71 d(10 yr)^?1,but warm days decreased slightly and the number of high temperature days decreased at a rate of?0.20 d(10 yr)?1.The frequency of cold surge events increased significantly at a rate of 0.25 d(10 yr)^?1,occurring mainly from the mid-1950s to late-1980s.The average Tmax,average Tmin and extreme Tmin increased at rates of 0.09℃(10 yr)^?1,0.36℃(10 yr)^?1 and 0.54℃(10 yr)^?1,respectively;and extreme Tmax decreased significantly at a rate of?0.17℃(10 yr)^?1.In 1909?2018,1951?2018 and 1979?2018,the indices related to cold events decreased,while the trends of the indices related to warm events were different for different periods. 相似文献
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基于ETCCDI指数2017年中国极端温度和降水特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中国1961—2017年2419站均一化逐日气候数据,计算了气候变化检测和指数联合专家组定义的26个极端气候指数,分析2017年中国极端温度和降水特征。结果表明：2017年中国区域平均的所有极端高温指数均高于1961—1990年30年平均,所有极端低温指数均低于1961—1990年30年平均。中国区域平均的多个极端温度指数达到或者接近历史极值,其中年最小日最高气温(TXn)和年最小日最低气温(TNn)均达到历史最高值,冷夜(TN10p)、冷昼(TX10p)和持续冷日日数(CSDI)达到历史最低值。年最大日最高气温(TXx)、年最大日最低气温(TNx)、暖夜(TN90p)、霜冻(FD)、冰冻(ID)、热夜(TR)、生长期长度(GSL)排在1961年以来的第2或第3位,其余极端温度指数全部排在了1961年以来前10位。2017年中国区域平均的10个极端降水指数中,有7个指数值处于1961—2017年1个标准差范围内,指示2017年的极端降水接近正常年。 相似文献
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Huaijun Wang Yaning Chen Shi Xun Dongmei Lai Yuting Fan Zhi Li 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(1-2):15-28
There has been a paucity of information on trends in daily climate and climate extremes, especially for the arid region. We analyzed the changes in the indices of climate extremes, on the basis of daily maximum and minimum air temperature and precipitation at 59 meteorological stations in the arid region of northwest China over the period 1960–2003. Twelve indices of extreme temperature and six indices of extreme precipitation are examined. Temperature extremes show a warming trend with a large proportion of stations having statistically significant trends for all temperature indices. The regional occurrence of extreme cool days and nights has decreased by ?0.93 and ?2.36 days/decade, respectively. Over the same period, the occurrence of extreme warm days and nights has increased by 1.25 and 2.10 days/decade, respectively. The number of frost days and ice days shows a statistically significant decrease at the rate of ?3.24 and ?2.75 days/decade, respectively. The extreme temperature indices also show the increasing trend, with larger values for the index describing variations in the lowest minimum temperature. The trends of Min Tmin (Tmax) and Max Tmin (Tmax) are 0.85 (0.61) and 0.32 (0.17)?°C/decade. Most precipitation indices exhibit increasing trends across the region. On average, regional maximum 1-day precipitation, annual total wet-day precipitation, and number of heavy precipitation days and very wet days show insignificant increases. Insignificant decreasing trends are also found for consecutive dry days. The rank-sum statistic value of most temperature indices exhibits consistent or statistically significant trends across the region. The regional medians after 1986 of Min Tmin (Tmax), Max Tmin (Tmax), warm days (nights), and warm spell duration indicator show statistically more larger than medians before 1986, but the frost days, ice days, cool days (nights), and diurnal temperature range reversed. The medians of precipitation indices show insignificant change except for consecutive dry days before and after 1986. 相似文献
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选用世界气象组织公布的极端气候指数方法对1961—2009年黑龙江省8个极端气温指数进行计算和分析,得到黑龙江省极端气温事件的事实和变化特征。结果表明：黑龙江省近49年来夏日天数、极端最低气温、极端最高气温、暖夜指数和暖昼日数均呈上升趋势,而霜冻日数、冷夜指数和冷昼日数呈下降趋势。极端气温指数的变化存在明显的年际变化特征,并有突变发生。对黑龙江省气温升高来说,最低气温升高主要发生在20世纪80年代中期以后,而最高气温则在90年代以后上升明显。空间分布方面,极端气温指数在全区基本都呈一致的增大或减小分布。夜间增暖的幅度要大于白天增暖的幅度,夜间气温的上升对增暖的贡献更大。 相似文献