共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 375 毫秒
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中国沿海地区海水入侵机理及防治措施研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
早在1964年,中国大连市就发生了过量开采地下水引发的海水入侵现象。目前有十几座沿海城市发生了不同程度的海水入侵。海水入侵不仅恶化了滨海地区的生态环境,而且阻碍了沿海地区的经济发展。中国沿海地区海水入侵面积经历了20世纪80年代的快速增长后,近些年来呈缓慢增长态势,甚至有些地区海水入侵面积不再增加。为了深入了解海水入侵的机制,从20世纪70年代后期开始,有关学者相继开展了一系列研究,如通过水-岩间阳离子交换实验来了解海水入侵的地球化学作用,建立三维有限元变密度的过渡带数值模型模拟与预报海水入侵过程及发展趋势。为了预防和治理海水入侵,除了控制地下水开采量及开采布局外,沿海地区还园地制宜采取了相应的防治措施,包括人工补给、地下防渗帷幕、节水灌溉以及远距离调水等工程措施。 相似文献
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海水入侵研究现状与展望 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
文中讨论了海水入侵的研究进展：海岸带海水入侵界面或过渡带的模拟，海岛地下淡水透镜体的动力学研究，井孔在界面或过渡带上部抽水所引起的升锥问题以及岸边地下水位动态研究及海平面变化对海水入侵的影响。海水入侵研究经历了从理想假定到合理概化，从室内实验模型、理想模型到数值模型这一过程。数值方法已成为模拟和求解海水入侵问题的最有力工具，海水入侵的过渡带模型成为主要的研究方向。分析了研究中存在的困难，展望了海水入侵研究的未来趋势：边界条件确定，水文地质参数选取，含水层结构估计，海水入侵输运与化学作用的耦合以及海水入侵预报。 相似文献
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烟台市位于山东半岛中部,地下水开发利用程度较高,特别是在平原区,地下水是主要供水水源,大量开采地下水引起地下水位大幅下降、引发海水入侵等问题。通过对烟台市各平原区地下水资源量和实际开发利用情况进行分析,并对各区内地下水资源承载能力进行评价,结果可知:烟台市水资源供需矛盾主要集中在平原区,应通过节流开源的方式解决供需矛盾,采取因地制宜修建地表水蓄水工程,拦截入海水量,增加地表水的可利率。同时要增大地下水补给面积和增强地下水降水入渗强度,利用汛期等地下水补给充足时期,对海水入侵区地下水采取人工转换等方法,改善地下水生态环境,增加淡水区面积,保证烟台市平原区水资源采补平衡,均衡发展。 相似文献
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海水入侵问题研究综述 总被引：37，自引：1，他引：37
在综合有关文献的基础上，分析了国内外海水入侵的研究现状，讨论了海水入侵的概念，认为海水入侵概念的核心是人为超量开采地下淡水造成海水与淡水的水动力平衡破坏；进行了海水入侵的影响因素和成因分析，指出发生海水入侵必须具备一定的水动力条件和水文地质条件；介绍了海水入侵的判别指标和三维动态监测方法，给出了海水入侵的防治措施，并提出了海水入侵有待加强研究的几个方面。 相似文献
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在总结前人关于海水入侵危险性评价研究的基础上,提出了基于GIS的层次分析法和模糊综合评判法,并以深圳市宝安区为例建立了海水入侵危险性评价体系.首先研究了宝安区海水入侵现状;然后选取了含水层结构、地下水氯离子质量浓度、地下水水位、地形地貌、与海岸线距离、地下水开采、土地利用类型7个评估因子;再利用层次分析法确定了各评估因子的权重,根据模糊综合评判法的原理,经过模糊运算得到危险性级别;最后运用GIS空间分析功能实现了海水入侵灾害危险性区划.结果表明:评价结果与该地区的海水入侵现状吻合较好.高危险区和较高危险区面积达107.77 km2,占研究区总面积的46.7%. 相似文献
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为实现滨海含水层地下水开采-回灌方案优化、控制海水入侵面积和降低海水入侵损失等多重管理目标,建立了海水入侵条件下地下水多目标模拟优化管理模型SWT-NPTSGA。模拟模型采用基于变密度流的数值模拟程序SEAWAT来模拟海水入侵过程。优化模型采用小生境Pareto禁忌遗传混合算法NPTSGA来求解,该算法在保证多目标权衡解的收敛性和计算效率的前提下,能维护整个进化群体的全局多样性。将SWT-NPTSGA程序应用于一个理想滨海含水层地下水开采方案和人工回灌控制海水入侵的优化设计中,结果表明该管理模型能够同时处理最大化总抽水流量、最小化人工回灌总量和最小化海水入侵范围等3个目标函数之间的权衡关系。通过采用人工回灌海水入侵区的减灾策略,既能增加滨海地区的供水量,又可减少海水入侵的范围,由此进一步验证了模型的有效性和可靠性。 相似文献
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论海水入侵综合防治应用技术 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文概述了当前国内外控制海水入侵灾害的技术与方法,结合我国海水入侵实际情况,尤其是针对莱州湾地区海水入侵的特点,提出海水入侵综合防治应用技术与策略.海水入侵的防治是一个涉及从陆地到海洋,从地上到地下,从自然环境到人类社会经济发展的综合性问题.通过工程措施和调度手段,在海水入侵区实施流域洪水拦蓄补源、雨水资源化集流利用技术,营建地下帷幕阻成蓄淡工程,以及实行地表地下多种可利用水体联合供水优化调度,可有效防治海水入侵.从适应、改良、治理海水入侵区域不良环境入手,实施海水入侵区节水农业技术,调整产业结构,发展生态农业,是改善海水入侵区受害生态环境,缓解海水入侵灾害问题的重要宏观调控手段. 相似文献
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Xue Yuqun Xie Chunhong Wu Jichun Nanjing University Liu Peimin Wang Jianji Jiang Qingbo Office of Water Resources of Longkou City Shi Hongwen Ning Pihai Office of Water Resources of Laizhou City Liu Linqun 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,67(1)
The extensive intrusion (covering an area of 83.7-238.3 km~2 and accounting for 18.6-31.5% of the total area of the plain), the presence of a transitional zone 1.5-6.0 km in width, and the interconnection in distribution between the seawater intrusion district and the region lower than the sea level caused by the strong drop of the groundwater level are major characteristics of the seawater intrusion in the study area. Cation exchange played an important role during the formation of chemical composition of the groundwater in the seawater intrusion district. 相似文献
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Xue Yuqun Xie Chunhong Wu Jichun Liu Peimin Wang Jianji Jiang Qingbo Shi Hongwen Ning Pihai 《《地质学报》英文版》1993,6(1):107-121
Abstract The extensive intrusion (covering an area of 83.7-238.3 km2 and accounting for 18.6-31.5% of the total area of the plain), the presence of a transitional zone 1.5-6.0 km in width, and the interconnection in distribution between the seawater intrusion district and the region lower than the sea level caused by the strong drop of the groundwater level are major characteristics of the seawater intrusion in the study area. Cation exchange played an important role during the formation of chemical composition of the groundwater in the seawater intrusion district. 相似文献
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Yanguo Teng Jie Su Jinsheng Wang Ning Dai Jian Li Liuting Song Rui Zuo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(9):3329-3338
Due to the sea level rise and the excessive exploitation of freshwater, seawater intrusion is becoming a critical issue. To clarify the degree of seawater intrusion in Donghai Island and the microbial community structure and functional response to seawater intrusion, groundwater samples and sediment samples were collected at profiles A, B; the profiles were along the direction of groundwater flow, perpendicular to the coastline, a hydrogeochemical survey and soil microbial community analysis were also performed. The hydrogeochemistry analysis showed that the chemical type of groundwater was Na–Cl, brackish water was dominant in the area, and coastal groundwater was strongly affected by seawater intrusion. The effect of seawater intrusion on structural and functional diversity of soil microbes was analyzed from soil samples of the study area, by polymerase chain reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). The results of DGGE patterns and phylogenetic tree show that the extent of seawater intrusion has directly influenced soil microbial community structure. The changes of microbial community structure might be related to the major elements’ concentrations in groundwater. Phylogenetic affiliation indicated that γ-proteobacteria were dominated in the profile A, while β-proteobacteria were mainly appeared in the profile B. The Flavobacteriaceae was only appeared at the shrimp ponds nearby. 相似文献
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Groundwater sustainability assessment in coastal aquifers 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The present work investigates the response of shallow, coastal unconfined aquifers to anticipated overdraft conditions and climate change effect using numerical simulation. The groundwater flow model MODFLOW and variable density groundwater model SEAWAT are used for this investigation. The transmissivity and specific yield estimated from the existing database range from 10 to 810 m 2/day and 0.08% to 10.92% respectively. After successful calibration with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency greater than 0.80, the values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity and specific yield of the unconfined aquifer were set in the range 1.85–61.90 m/day and 0.006–0.24 respectively. After validating the model, it is applied for forecasting the aquifer’s response to anticipated future scenarios of groundwater draft, recharge rate and sea level rise. The findings of the study illustrate that saltwater intrusion is intensified in the area adjoining the tidal rivers, rather than that due to the sea alone. Of all the scenarios simulated, the immense negative impact on groundwater quality emerges due to overdraft conditions and reduced recharge with the areal extent of seawater intrusion exceeding about 67% (TDS >1 kg/m 3). The study also arrives at the conclusion that, regional sea level rise of 1 mm/year has no impact on the groundwater dynamics of the aquifer. 相似文献
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Data for the Waimea Plains, New Zealand indicate that the lower confined groundwater aquifer is hydraulically homogeneous and that shallow groundwater levels inland are affected mostly by anthropogenic processes, while those near the coast are affected more by sea level variation. Analysis of long-term data for New Zealand indicates that sea level has increased continuously, but trends are not spatially uniform. Results from non-parametric trend analysis show that rising trends for groundwater levels are predominant in the shallow aquifer both inland on the Waimea Plains and, for recent years, near the coast, while decreasing trends are evident in the underlying confined aquifer near the coast. Groundwater level change in the shallow aquifer appears to be more affected by climate change than the lower confined aquifer. Correlation analysis indicated that groundwater levels are more affected by rainfall during the rainy season than the dry season and more influenced by rainfall inland than near the coast. Groundwater level declines in the lower confined aquifer near the coast, which has its major recharge area inland in the catchment, may be substantially affected by groundwater abstraction in inland areas as well as sea level variation, but there are little evidences of seawater intrusion. Meanwhile, groundwater recharge over the catchment area has great influence on rising groundwater levels in the shallow aquifer and its recharge is estimated to be 417.8 mm/year using chloride concentrations of precipitation and groundwater. 相似文献
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环渤海地区海(咸)水入侵特征与防治对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文中阐述了环渤海沿海地区海（成）水入侵的主要方式、发展进程、影响因素等基本特征，提出海（成）水入侵的综合防治对策。研究区海（成）水入侵主要有面状、带状、脉状或树枝状和越流等4种入侵方式。气候、地形地貌、地质与水文地质是发生海（成）水入侵的基础条件，地下水超采等人类不合理工程经济活动是诱发海（成）水入侵的主要原因。通过调整产业结构、建立节水型社会体系，合理规划利用水土资源，建造阻成蓄淡工程，跨流域引水，以及建立健全监测预警系统等综合措施，防止海（成）水入侵的发展。 相似文献
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Using time series analysis to assess tidal effect on coastal groundwater level in Southern Laizhou Bay,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chen She-ming Liu Hong-wei Liu Fu-tian Miao Jin-jie Guo Xu Zhang Zhou Jiang Wan-jun 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(3):292-301
Sea water intrusion is an environmental problem cause by the irrational exploitation of coastal groundwater resources and has attracted the attention of many coastal countries. In this study, we used time series monitoring data of groundwater levels and tidal waves to analyze the influence of tide flow on groundwater dynamics in the southern Laizhou Bay. The auto-correlation and cross-correlation coefficients between groundwater level and tidal wave level were calculated specifically to measure the boundary conditions along the coastline. In addition, spectrum analysis was employed to assess the periodicity and hysteresis of various tide and groundwater level fluctuations. The results of time series analysis show that groundwater level fluctuation is noticeably influenced by tides, but the influence is limited to a certain distance and cannot reach the saltwater-freshwater interface in the southern Laizhou Bay. There are three main periodic components of groundwater level in tidal effect range (i.e. 23.804 h, 12.500 h and 12.046 h), the pattern of which is the same as the tides. The affected groundwater level fluctuations lag behind the tides. The dynamic analysis of groundwater indicates that the coastal aquifer has a hydraulic connection with seawater but not in a direct way. Owing to the existence of the groundwater mound between the salty groundwater (brine) and fresh groundwater, the maximum influencing distance of the tide on the groundwater is 8.85 km. Considering that the fresh-saline groundwater interface is about 30 km away from the coastline, modern seawater has a limited contribution to sea-salt water intrusion in Laizhou Bay. The results of this study are expected to provide a reference for the study on sea water intrusion. 相似文献