共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
SPATIAL VARIATION OF Zn GEOCHEMICAL FRACTIONS IN THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF THE STRAITS OF MALACCA: NATURAL OR ANTHROPOGENIC? 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
CheeKongYap AhmadIsmail SoonGuanTan 《湿地科学》2005,3(2):94-103
1INTRODUCTION Studiesonheavymetalcontaminationinsedi mentshavealwaysbeenfocusedonthecoastalandin tertidalareas(Sivalingam,etal.,1980;Ismail,1993;Ismail,etal.,1993;IsmailandRosniza,1997;Yap,etal.,2002a,2002b).Theheavymet alconcentrationsfoundinthesediments… 相似文献
2.
南极罗斯海特拉诺瓦湾(Terra Nova Bay)是强下降风汇集区之一。采用高分辨率南极中尺度预报系统(Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System,AMPS)资料和特拉诺瓦湾难言岛Manuela自动气象站实测数据,分析了特拉诺瓦湾及其附近地区的下降风特征。AMPS对难言岛地区风速和气温有较好的模拟能力,但风向比实测值偏西约30°。难言岛地区风速从1月开始迅速增大,4—9月风力平均为8级以上。难言岛夏季1月份的风速变化滞后气温变化约3 h;冬季7月份风向稳定为西至西南。特拉诺瓦湾及其附近地区下降风来自西岸海拔较高的冰盖,其风向的空间分布特征基本几乎不随季节而变化。下降风风速有显著的季节演变特征,11月至次年1月较小,3—9月风速较大。特拉诺瓦湾西岸等几处冰川地带在冬季是强风汇集区,难言岛处于Reeves冰川下降风汇集区中。该汇集区上边界和南北两侧均有清晰的分界线,风速较强区从地面延伸至650—800 m高处,风速最大值距离地面高度约为50—200 m。强下降风气流受难言岛地形阻挡,风速有所减弱,气流越过难言岛之后,风速再次加强。特拉诺瓦湾地区下降风流动过程中近地面气团位势温度变化幅度很小,表明下降风在从内陆高原到沿岸地区的流动是干绝热过程。 相似文献
3.
本文应用CFD软件对多种流场的强大模拟功能,模拟小尺度的兰州市城关区风环境。选用SRTM资料表征兰州市城关区的地形,应用ArcGIS生成兰州市地形模型,计算相关参数,将计算得到的地形粗糙度和兰州多年气候资料转化为CFD模型的数字参数及模拟边界条件等,首次模拟得到河谷型地区兰州城关区的风环境。结果表明:（1）河谷型地区中,气流过山时风速达最大值,依山体高度增大,而在背风坡风速值明显降低,达到0～1 m·s-1;（2）气流过境时在沿河谷前进,且在谷底风速值达0～1 m·s-1;（3）在模拟城市热岛效应的对比实验中,地块加热对气流过境有停滞作用。 相似文献
4.
利用WW3模式实现中国周边海域波浪能流密度数值预报——以2次冷空气过程为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来中国在海洋能研究方面得到快速发展,但目前为止尚未实现波浪能的预报。本研究以T639预报风场作为WW3(WAVEWATCH-III)海浪模式的驱动场,对2013年3月发生在中国周边海域的2次冷空气过程所致海浪场进行模拟,充分利用来自朝鲜半岛、日本、台湾岛的观测资料,检验WW3模式对能流密度的预报能力,实现了波浪能流密度的数值预报,为海浪发电、海水淡化等波浪能开发工作提供保障。研究表明:1)以T639预报风场驱动WW3海浪模式,可以较好地预报冷空气影响下的中国周边海域波浪能流密度。无论预报值与观测值在曲线走势上,还是从相关系数、偏差、均方根误差、平均绝对误差等定量来判断,预报能流密度都具有较高精度,其中在朝鲜半岛、日本周边海域的预报效果好于台湾岛周边的预报效果。2)在冷空气影响下,中国周边海域的波浪能流密度伴有明显的增幅。在渤海、渤海海峡、黄海北部,由于海域狭小,海浪得不到充分成长,能流密度的增幅相对较小,大值区的范围也相对较小;冷空气进入黄海中部、东海后,能流密度迅速增加,高值中心可达80 kW/m以上;冷空气进入南海后,虽然也使得能流密度明显增大,但由于南海纬度较低,冷空气南下行进至南海后强度大为减弱,能流密度的大值区范围较东海缩小。 相似文献
5.
使用GRAPES_SDM沙尘暴数值模式,对2011年4月28-30日中国北方强沙尘暴天气进行分析,讨论高空急流在此次过程中对沙尘传输的影响,得出以下结论:（1）GRAPES_SDM沙尘暴模式较好地模拟了此次沙尘暴过程的范围和强沙尘暴中心,整体模拟效果较好;（2）沙尘天气发生时间及移动路径与200 hPa高空急流的加强、移动发展有很好的对应关系;（3）高空强纬向风速的加强能够促使中低层形成垂直环流圈,其下沉支流使高空动量有效下传到近地面,进而在地面形成大风及扬沙和沙尘暴天气,强沙尘暴中心位于此垂直环流圈的下沉支;（4）等熵位涡与高空急流及地面沙尘浓度分布演变有很好的对应关系,等熵位涡位于高空急流北侧,地面沙尘浓度中心位于高空急流出口区、等熵位涡中心西南侧、等值线密集带;高层高值位涡区向下延伸的路径与高空急流北侧纬向风速等值线密集带有非常好的对应关系。本文还通过对高空急流轴线动力、热力结构垂直剖面的分析,探讨了高空急流对大范围沙尘天气影响的可能机制。 相似文献
6.
利用银川气象站1981-2013年逐时地面气象资料及探空资料,统计分析了不同季节影响大气扩散能力的静小风频率、逆温厚度强度、混合层高度等的差异。结果表明：雾主要出现在傍晚～夜间～第二天上午12：00之前,高峰期出现在07：00～09：00;霾主要出现在08：00～14：00,11：00前后最多,其他时间段相对较少;1981-1995年间,霾日数呈明显的下降趋势,1996年后呈明显的上升趋势,2013年达高峰。秋冬季是一年中浓雾-强浓雾及重度霾的多发季节,特别是夜间出现浓雾和强浓雾时,对应混合层高度均≤150 m,占比达100%;有霾出现时,污染潜在等级以2级为主,混合层高度在150< H≤ 350之间的占比达75%。小风条件下出现轻中度霾的概率比静风大,静风条件下出现重度霾的概率比小风大。雾霾天气时,大气稳定度以中性（D类）为主,其次是较稳定类（E类）。 相似文献
7.
Goh Kim Chuan 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1982,2(1):3-16
Malaysia's rapid economic development in the two decades since independence has brought benefits to the nation as a whole. However, it has also produced problems in relation to the natural resources and the environment, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia. The urgency with which economic, social and political objectives have to be achieved through development has greatly taxed the nation's natural resources, such as land, forests and water, whilst the discharge of wastes of various kinds has resulted in the degradation of rivers, the seas and air. Serious pollution problems have surfaced in various forms and these have prompted the government to formulate policy guidelines on the environment vis-á-vis development. This paper reviews the different kinds of problems relating to resource exploitation and environmental deterioration and their implications with particular reference to Peninsular Malaysia. 相似文献
8.
Kirstin Dow 《The Professional geographer》1999,51(3):414-426
Human interactions with the marine environment and pollution hold broad lessons for understanding environmental change. Expanding geographical inquiry beyond its traditional, land-based foci and delving deeper into marine environment and risk issues offers fruitful avenues by which to elaborate and refine our understanding of nature-society relationships. I present a case study of marine petroleum transportation risks in the Straits of Malacca to illustrate the complex history of political and economic processes across a range of scales and shaping the risks in the Straits. The inescapable tension between generalizing global social and environmental processes and recognizing the array of local differences drives ongoing policy debates in the Straits, as it does increasingly for many global environmental problems. 相似文献
9.
Matthew Fry 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):414-415
Human interactions with the marine environment and pollution hold broad lessons for understanding environmental change. Expanding geographical inquiry beyond its traditional, land-based foci and delving deeper into marine environment and risk issues offers fruitful avenues by which to elaborate and refine our understanding of nature-society relationships. I present a case study of marine petroleum transportation risks in the Straits of Malacca to illustrate the complex history of political and economic processes across a range of scales and shaping the risks in the Straits. The inescapable tension between generalizing global social and environmental processes and recognizing the array of local differences drives ongoing policy debates in the Straits, as it does increasingly for many global environmental problems. 相似文献
10.
11.
京津冀地区低空环境复杂多变,低空飞行安全受到雷暴、风切变、能见度、温度和湿度等气象因子的影响,准确地模拟和预报无人机低空航路上的气象要素是一个难题。基于中尺度天气预报模式(WRF)及其先进的三维变分同化系统(3D-Var),论文以2016年华北“7·20”特大暴雨作为研究案例,对京津冀地区无人机低空航路上的温度场、湿度场和风场进行资料同化与数值模拟,对比地面观测资料和数值模拟结果,分析其结构及特征,以期为京津冀地区无人机航路飞行安全保障提供参考。结果表明：WRF模式能够较好地模拟出该地区近地面温度、湿度和风速的日变化趋势。平原站点(天津和密云)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(RMSE)和偏差(Bias)较小,风速在山区的模拟值偏大,平原地区的模拟效果优于北部和西部山区。强降水发生时,平原地区和山区的温度相差15 ℃左右,相对湿度达95%以上,边界层高度低于500 m,强烈的温差、较高的湿度和较低的边界层都会影响无人机的飞行安全。900 hPa高空,沿117°E经线在河北省廊坊—衡水一线出现超过10 m·s-1的风速值,形成强劲的东北风,区域北部(39°N~40.5°N)出现了明显的上升气流,1000 m高度处垂直风速也超过2 m·s-1。强烈的上升气流极不利于无人机的飞行,会对无人机飞行姿态和飞行高度产生重大影响,造成安全隐患。 相似文献
12.
应用环境磁学方法研究了2012年乌鲁木齐大气降尘磁学特征,并与该地区2006年大气降尘样品磁学特征进行对比,探讨乌鲁木齐城市化进程中的大气降尘磁学特征变化规律。结果表明：乌鲁木齐大气降尘样品磁性矿物以粗颗粒的PSD和MD磁铁矿为主导,同时含有少量的不完全反铁磁性矿物如赤铁矿。与2006年相比,2012年降尘样品的颗粒较粗,且在取暖期内亚铁磁性矿物含量较少。乌鲁木齐冬季取暖整治措施成效显著,但非采暖期大气整体质量相对2006年有所下降,影响乌鲁木齐城市大气质量的主要因素已经由冬季供暖向城市化的加快和工业的发展这两个因素转移。 相似文献
13.
14.
ABSTRACTTo answer the question “what has changed the surface temperatures of water bodies around Iran under climate change conditions,” Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sea surface temperature (SST) data with 9.2-km spatial resolution and monthly time step were evaluated. A significant increasing trend was obtained using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Mann-Kendall trend test on data from the Caspian Sea (June) and the Southern Gulfs (September). High correlations of 0.69 and 0.97 between remotely sensed data and ERA-Interim reanalysis data were also obtained for June and September, respectively. To assess the impact of some climatic parameters on SST variability in those two months, zonal and meridional wind at 10 m, wind speed at 10 m, air temperature at 2 m, and mean sea level pressure were evaluated. High correlations between meridional wind and the Southern Gulf SST, and meridional wind and Caspian SST were ?0.86 and 0.75, respectively. Moreover, the results showed an important role of air temperature (0.96) and sea level pressure (?0.77) in the rising temperature trends of the Southern Gulfs. Wind speed was also detected in both regions as a booster of the trend. 相似文献
15.
通过对比选用14时实测值法利用1981—2016年全省96站14时相对湿度和能见度数据重建全省历史霾数据序列，分析区域内霾天气的特征及相关气象要素的特征，并探讨大范围持续霾天气过程对应的环流形势，研究霾天气过程的成因。结果表明：关中地区是我省霾天气的高发区，其次是陕南的汉中盆地，陕北出现最少。全省霾日数总体呈较明显的上升趋势，2000年后增加显著。从季节变化来看全省及各区域均为冬季霾日数最多，秋季次之，夏季霾日数最少。各区域均在5～8 km能见度、60%～70%相对湿度、静小风时易出现霾天气，西安及关中全年和四季在偏东北风向时霾天气频率较大。冬季地面风速小，相对湿度较大，近地面风场辐合及逆温层的存在，造成关中大气垂直扩散能力较弱，大气污染物发生堆积、累积效应易形成关中地区持续霾天气及严重大气污染。 相似文献
16.
金塔绿洲风场与温湿场特征的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
使用美国NCAR新版MM5V3.6非静力平衡模式,采用三重嵌套的降尺度方法,模拟研究了甘肃河西走廊金塔绿洲风场与温湿场特征。结果表明:由于绿洲的存在,绿洲沙漠系统产生的次级环流对局地环流有一定影响;平流作用将沙漠中的干热空气送向绿洲,绿洲近地层会出现逆温,感热向地表输送;沙漠上由于临近绿洲的水汽平流作用,上层大气湿度比低层更大,这就是逆湿现象。 相似文献
17.
The state-of-art Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） codes FLUENT is applied in a fine-scale simulation of the wind field over a complex terrain. Several numerical tests are performed to validate the capability of FLUENT on describing the wind field details over a complex terrain. The results of the numerical tests show that FLUENT can simulate the wind field over extremely complex terrain, which cannot be simulated by mesoscale models. The reason why FLUENT can cope with extremely complex terrain, which can not be coped with by mesoscale models, relies on some particular techniques adopted by FLUENT, such as computer-aided design （CAD） technique, unstructured grid technique and finite volume method. Compared with mesoscale models, FLUENT can describe terrain in much more accurate details and can provide wind simulation results with higher resolution and more accuracy. 相似文献
18.
Chan KE 《Malaysian journal of tropical geography》1994,25(2):69-77
"This paper discusses the patterns and trends in internal territorial mobility in Peninsular Malaysia from 1957 [to] the 1980s, focussing specially on the period of the 1980s." Data are from Peninsular Malaysian Labour Force Migration Sample Surveys. 相似文献
19.
复杂地形地表风场诊断模式的改进及在湖北省的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文结合湖北省梅雨期环流和地形的实际情况,对Mass-Dempsey一层中尺度模式作了改进,通过若干实例的数值试验和对比分析,说明改进后的模式对该地地表流场有较强的诊断能力,也可以为当地降水预报提供参考依据。 相似文献
20.
Nazarin Ezzaty Mohd Najib Kasturi Devi Kanniah 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(2):272-290
This study aims to map forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia using satellite images as deforestation is of concern in the recent decades, and is an important environmental issue for the future too. The Carnegie Landsat Analysis System‐Lite (CLASlite) program was used in this study to detect forest cover in Peninsular Malaysia using Landsat satellite data. The results of the study show that CLASlite algorithm misclassified some oil palm, rubber and urban areas as forest vegetation. A reliable forest cover map was produced by first combining Landsat and ALOS PALSAR images to identify oil palm, rubber and urban areas, and then subsequently removing them. The HH and HV polarization data of ALOS PALSAR (threshold method) could detect oil palm plantations with 85.26 per cent of overall accuracy. For urban area detection, Enhance Build up Index (EBBI) using spectral bands from Landsat provided higher overall accuracy of 94 per cent. These methods produced a forest cover reading of 5 914 421 ha with an overall classification accuracy of 94.5 per cent. The forest cover (including rubber areas) detected in this study is 0.38 per cent higher than the percentage of 2010 forest cover detected by the Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia. The technique described in this paper presents an alternative and viable approach for updating forest cover maps in Malaysia. 相似文献