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1.
A new analysis technique has been proposed for interpreting transient step-drawdown test data. The proposed method is based on taking the derivative of the drawdown with respect to time for the entire pumping test period to eliminate the time-independent well-loss terms. The derivative function is subsequently integrated to obtain the time-dependent aquifer drawdown as a continuous function. The well-loss parameters are then obtained with higher accuracy once the aquifer behavior is identified. The proposed method is applicable for analyzing data obtained not only from ideal confined aquifers but also from other aquifer types (i.e. unconfined) and non-ideal aquifers (i.e. heterogeneous). The technique was tested for synthetically generated and field data; the proposed approach was noted to provide accurate aquifer and well-loss parameter estimates. The results of the proposed method were compared with those of some of the existing methods for analyzing step-drawdown test data and were found to be more reliable and robust. 相似文献
2.
In this study real time data have been used to compare the standard and triangle method by performing the objective analysis
of mean sea level pressure. In the standard method, derivative fields are obtained from the grid point data using finite difference
scheme whereas in the triangle method, a set of non-overlapping triangles are formed from the observations and the scalar
and the spatial derivatives are computed directly at the centroid of each of the non-overlapping triangles. These scalars
and their derivatives are then mapped to uniform grids by using the standard method. It has been found that objectively analysed
scalar field obtained using standard method is superior to the scalar field derived by the triangle method, whereas the derivative
fields produced by triangle method are superior to the derivative fields produced using standard method. A variational objective
analysis scheme has been developed and an experiment has been carried out with depression case of June (11–15) 2004. It is
found that the new scheme (variational) is able to extract the better parts of both triangle and standard methods. The results
of this study will be useful in carrying out diagnostic calculations that involve derivative estimates. 相似文献
3.
Salvatore Straface 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(7):1679-1686
A novel methodology is proposed to calculate transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S) in a confined aquifer, based on the Theis (1935) solution and using only the first derivative of the drawdown with respect to time. By analyzing the behavior of the third derivative of the drawdown with respect to the logarithm of time, it is apparent that the third derivative vanishes when the first derivative attains its peak value. Since the third log-derivative is zero if, and only if, the argument, u, of the Theis well function is equal to unity, this condition can be used to estimate T and S, knowing the time at which the first derivative reaches its peak, and so overcoming the problem of actually computing the third log-derivative, which is very unstable. The main characteristic of the proposed method is that it does not require long pumping tests, since T and S are calculated using only the early-time drawdown. The proposed method was verified with a synthetic, an experimental and a field pumping test showing its validity when applied to homogeneous media. Theis CV (1935) The relation between lowering the piezometric surface and the rate and duration of discharge of a well using groundwater storage. Trans Am Geophys Union 16(2):519–524 相似文献
4.
大地电磁测深相位数据的研究和应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MT资料处理方法近年来得到了较快发展;各种二维反演、偏移成像技术也有了新的进步。在大地电磁测深资料处理中,长期以来使用视电阻率和相位作为解释参数,但是视电阻率和相位均存在一定的局限性。该文从理论上研究了相位微分的性质,通过模型说明了相位微分的算法:先将获得的相位数据求导,得到相位微分曲线,用比较法得到曲线的极值点,通过极值点对应的周期确定主要导电层的深度和电阻率。利用相位微分能在较小的周期内得到较大的勘探深度。使用该方法对一维和二维模型进行的实验是可行的,对实际资料进行的处理结果也是令人满意的, 从而说明该方法是有效的。 相似文献
5.
沈阳市阳光港湾建筑群高层建筑采用筏板基础,多层建筑采用人工挖孔灌注桩基础,在基础施工时,均需进行相应的降水工作。采用了分期降水的施工方法,首期降水施工是在分析场地水文地质条件的基础上,利用稳定流"大井法"预算基坑的涌水量,布置了9口井,使基坑周边的1#、2#、3#、4#观测孔水位均下降至5.11m,基本上达到了首期的降水的目的;第二期降水是利用首期降水观测的水位资料,采用稳定流干扰井群计算公式对场区地下水位进行了预报,重新设计了3口井。12口井全部投放使用后,测得稳定排水量为43 000m3/d,并形成了以基坑为中心的地下水降落漏斗,降水效果明显。此经验值得同类工程借鉴。 相似文献
6.
ZOLTÁN SYLVESTER 《Sedimentology》2007,54(4):847-870
Turbidite bed thickness distributions are often interpreted in terms of power laws, even when there are significant departures from a single straight line on a log–log exceedence probability plot. Alternatively, these distributions have been described by a lognormal mixture model. Statistical methods used to analyse and distinguish the two models (power law and lognormal mixture) are presented here. In addition, the shortcomings of some frequently applied techniques are discussed, using a new data set from the Tarcău Sandstone of the East Carpathians, Romania, and published data from the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation of Italy. Log–log exceedence plots and least squares fitting by themselves are inappropriate tools for the analysis of bed thickness distributions; they must be accompanied by the assessment of other types of diagrams (cumulative probability, histogram of log‐transformed values, q–q plots) and the use of a measure of goodness‐of‐fit other than R2, such as the chi‐square or the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. When interpreting data that do not follow a single straight line on a log–log exceedence plot, it is important to take into account that ‘segmented’ power laws are not simple mixtures of power law populations with arbitrary parameters. Although a simple model of flow confinement does result in segmented plots at the centre of a basin, the segmented shape of the exceedence curve breaks down as the sampling location moves away from the basin centre. The lognormal mixture model is a sedimentologically intuitive alternative to the power law distribution. The expectation–maximization algorithm can be used to estimate the parameters and thus to model lognormal bed thickness mixtures. Taking into account these observations, the bed thickness data from the Tarcău Sandstone are best described by a lognormal mixture model with two components. Compared with the Marnoso‐Arenacea Formation, in which bed thicknesses of thin beds have a larger variability than thicknesses of the thicker beds, the thinner‐bedded population of the Tarcău Sandstone has a lower variability than the thicker‐bedded population. Such differences might reflect contrasting depositional settings, such as the difference between channel levées and basin plains. 相似文献
7.
Anisotropy and bedding effects on the hydro geological regime in a confined aquifer to design an appropriate dewatering system 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. Aryafar F. Doulati Ardejani Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(4):563-570
Prediction of groundwater inflow into mining excavations is very important in order to design an effective dewatering system to keep the mine workings dry and create prolonged cone of depression. The effects of anisotropy ratio and bedding on the hydraulic head and drawdown curves of a dewatering test carried out in a fully penetrating well in a confined aquifer have been investigated. An existing numerical finite element model has been used to perform the simulations. The results of the numerical model are compared to those from analytical Jacob and Lohman solution for estimating hydraulic heads and drawdown curves. It was found that the anisotropy ratio and bedding should not have a significant effect on drawdown and the quantity of inflow into a confined aquifer. It was further found that taking the simultaneous effects of anisotropy and bedding into account reduces the differences in the results of analytical and numerical methods. Comparison of the field data and model predictions showed that, the modelling results for a three layer anisotropic aquifer fit well to the field data than those results obtained for a single layer aquifer and the relative error decreased from 4.81 % to 2.98 %. 相似文献
8.
The current state of art for limit equilibrium analysis of slope stability problems lacks a satisfactory procedure for stability evaluation under general, rapid (undrained) loading conditions. Some procedures are available for the analysis of rapid drawdown, but these suffer from several shortcomings and, furthermore, are not applicable to other types of rapid loading. An approach is presented which overcomes these limitations. The approach integrates four components-establishment of soil behaviour on the basis of laboratory testing, estimation of steady-state conditions in the slope using a boundary value analysis, estimation of distribution of undrained strength in the slope using undrained stress paths, and identification of the critical slip surface followed by calculation of its factor of safety. The approach is illustrated through its application to the stability analysis of an earth dam under rapid drawdown and earthquake conditions. 相似文献
9.
Mazda Kompani-Zare Nozar Samani Siavash Behrooz-Koohenjani 《Hydrogeology Journal》2009,17(5):1175-1187
Large diameter fully cased wells that gain water from the bottom are often dug in sandy and collapsible aquifers. They have cylindrical vertical walls lined with brick or concrete. The well bottom is partially filled with aquifer material through which the flow is vertically upward. When the vertical hydraulic gradient reaches a critical value, quicksand occurs and the well structure can be destroyed. Another difficulty encountered is drawdown in the wellbore and the drying up of the well. To overcome these problems, the flow around and beneath these wells is numerically simulated. The simulation results are used to investigate the effect of well and aquifer parameters on quicksand and drawdown. For practical purposes, the dimensionless drawdown-time and dimensionless vertical gradient-time curves are developed. It was found that the ratio of filling material thickness to well radius affects the shape of these type curves. The type curves may be used to predict the time after pumping commences when quicksand occurs and the well dries up. They are also useful to design the safe pumping rate and duration as well as the optimum well radius. These are demonstrated by analyzing the pumping test data from a case study in the arid Chah Kutah region, southern Iran. 相似文献
10.
Examination of well logs leads to the observation that they exhibit characteristic behavior over a wide range of scales, differing from a foot to hundreds of feet. This behavior is not accounted for in conventional segmentation methods. The segmentation method that is proposed here aims to solve this problem. It is based on a multiscale representation of the well log. This is a representation of the well log at different levels of smoothness. The behavior of edges, which are associated with extrema of the first derivative, across scales is of great importance in the segmentation. Analysis of this behavior leads to a multiscale segmentation of the well log, in which a fine-scale segment is a part of one coarse scale segment only. In this way the geologist is able to analyze the log at different scales simultaneously. An extension of this approach is not to preserve all fine-scale information but to zoom in only on parts of the log where it is considered to be of interest. 相似文献
11.
为了解决传统的Theis配线法在求参过程中无法利用全部抽水试验数据、手动配线效率较低、求参过程受人为主观因素影响较大等问题,利用抽水试验数据,以Theis公式和叠加原理为理论基础,以理论计算降深与实测降深的Nach-Sutcliffe效率系数值达到最大为目标函数,基于Matlab软件编程,再利用遍历搜索算法对导水系数（T）、贮水系数（S）在其对应范围内进行遍历,实现了水文地质参数的自动精确求解。将遍历搜索算法应用于2个抽水试验实例的水文地质参数求解,并与传统求参方法的计算结果进行比较分析。结果表明：利用遍历搜索算法求参的计算结果与传统求参方法的计算结果相近,表明利用遍历搜索算法求解水文地质参数有效可靠;2个抽水实例利用遍历搜索算法得到的参数对应的理论计算降深与实测降深的Nach-Sutcliffe效率系数值分别为0.996 5、0.970 8,且相比传统的求参方法而言更接近1.000 0,说明其拟合程度更好。 相似文献
12.
基坑降水的成功与否,将对基坑开挖和周边环境产生重要影响,因此有必要对基坑降水方案进行评估。针对扬中金源时代购物中心基坑降水问题,采用MIDAS/GTS对基坑降水效果进行研究。首先,依据地勘报告中提供的土体渗透系数,结合单井、双井抽水试验结果,反演出MIDAS/GTS中需要的土层渗流系数和边界函数;然后利用反演得到的参数,建立了考虑回灌井补水效应的三维基坑降水效果分析模型,模拟基坑内水位降深与时间的变化关系,并对基坑降水效果进行分析和评估,以期指导土方开挖工程的施工。 相似文献
13.
Shashank Shekhar 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(6):1018-1027
To understand the behaviour of drawdown with discharge under site-specific conditions, a step drawdown test (SDT) was conducted on a tubewell in alluvium near Delhi, India, and the data were analyzed to find the value of well efficiency. The entrance velocity of groundwater into the well screen was computed to see if it exceeded the safety limit of 0.03 m/s. Reynold's number (Re) was also calculated to study the nature of flow at the well screen. The decrease in efficiency of the well at higher discharge was attributed to an increase in turbulence and curvature of the flow path of water. An alternative, more efficient approach has been put forward, using a spreadsheet programme to fit a polynomial trend line on a plot of drawdown versus discharge and deriving a polynomial trend line equation. This equation predicts the behaviour of drawdown with discharge under site-specific conditions. The calculated efficiency of the tubewell can, at best, be regarded as a reflection of head loss on account of the laminar flow from the aquifer. 相似文献
14.
陆相深水沉积层序和体系域边界识别方法初探——以东营凹陷牛38井为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
浅水环境中 ,在水体由深变浅或者由浅变深变化过程中 ,沉积岩的特性会发生明显的变化。但在深水环境中 ,沉积岩的特征对水体深度的小范围变动的反应并不明显。如何进行偏深水陆相沉积地层的沉积旋回划分 ,是层序地层学研究中一个薄弱的环节。以位于东营凹陷牛庄洼陷内资料较为齐全的牛 38井为研究对象 ,选用对水深变化较敏感的指标 ,如总有机碳含量、稀土元素、声波时差等 ,并结合Fischer曲线法 ,对深水沉积地层的层序地层单元划分进行了初步探讨 ,取得了较好的对应效果。研究结果表明 ,在层序和体系域边界上 ,总有机碳含量较低 ,声波时差曲线的斜率会发生明显的变化 ,稀土元素的相对含量较低 ,Fischer曲线的斜率也会发生变化 相似文献
15.
16.
The simplex with the Aitchison geometry is a natural sample space for compositional data, that is, observations carrying only
relative information (especially proportions, percentages, etc., often occurring in the geosciences). For this reason, standard
statistical methods that rely on Euclidean structure of the real space cannot be used directly for statistical analysis. At
first, compositional data need to be expressed in coordinates of an orthonormal basis on the simplex (with respect to the
Aitchison geometry). The mathematical interpretation of the orthonormal coordinates is derived from the procedure by which
they are constructed (called sequential binary partition), and they act as balances between groups of compositional parts.
The goal of this paper is to describe the covariance structure of coordinates and, consequently, to provide a complementary
interpretation based on log-ratios of parts of the original composition. It must be noted that, in a composition, the ratios
themselves contain all the relevant information. The possibilities as well as the limitations of this approach are demonstrated
through illustrative examples. 相似文献
17.
文章从一维地下水运动和渗透力学的角度,分析比较潜水位上升与承压水位下降对岩溶地区透—阻型盖层中阻水层渗透稳定性的影响,重点讨论了承压水位下降速度(降速)与下降深度（降深）对阻水层中渗透坡降的影响,结果表明:地下水位变化（潜水位上升或承压水位下降）产生的非稳定渗流不利于岩溶洞穴开口上方阻水层的稳定,承压水位的下降对岩溶开口附近处阻水层中渗透力的影响远大于潜水位的变化;在承压层水位最大降深确定的条件下,承压水位下降速度愈快,岩溶开口附近处阻水层中向下渗透力愈大。因此,在覆盖型岩溶地区抽取地下水时,为了减缓或避免覆盖型塌陷的发生,应同时控制好最大降深和最大开采速度。 相似文献
18.
A mathematical model describing the constant pumping is developed for a partially penetrating well in a heterogeneous aquifer system. The Laplace‐domain solution for the model is derived by applying the Laplace transforms with respect to time and the finite Fourier cosine transforms with respect to vertical co‐ordinates. This solution is used to produce the curves of dimensionless drawdown versus dimensionless time to investigate the influences of the patch zone and well partial penetration on the drawdown distributions. The results show that the dimensionless drawdown depends on the hydraulic properties of the patch and formation zones. The effect of a partially penetrating well on the drawdown with a negative patch zone is larger than that with a positive patch zone. For a single‐zone aquifer case, neglecting the effect of a well radius will give significant error in estimating dimensionless drawdown, especially when dimensionless distance is small. The dimensionless drawdown curves for cases with and without considering the well radius approach the Hantush equation (Advances in Hydroscience. Academic Press: New York, 1964) at large time and/or large distance away from a test well. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been injected in the subsurface permeable formations as a means to cut atmospheric CO2 emissions and/or enhance oil recovery (EOR). It is important to constrain the boundaries of the CO2 plume in the target formation and/or other formations hosting the CO2 migrated from the target formation. Monitoring methods and technologies to assess the CO2 plume boundaries over time within a reservoir of interest are required. Previously introduced methods and technologies on pressure monitoring to detect the extent of the CO2 plume require at least two wells, i.e. pulser and observation wells. We introduce pressure transient technique requiring single well only. Single well pressure transient testing (drawdown/buildup/injection/falloff) is widely used to determine reservoir properties and wellbore conditions. Pressure diagnostic plots are used to identify different flow regimes and determine the reservoir/well characteristics. We propose a method to determine the plume extent for a constant rate pressure transient test at a single well outside the CO2 plume. Due to the significant contrast between mobility and storativity of the CO2 and native fluids (oil or brine), the CO2 boundary causes deviation in the pressure diagnostic response from that corresponding to previously identified heterogeneities. Using the superposition principle, we develop a relationship between the deviation time and the plume boundary. We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method using numerically generated synthetic data corresponding to homogeneous, heterogeneous, and anisotropic cases to evaluate its potential and limitations. We discuss ways to identify and overcome the potential limitations for application of the method in the field. 相似文献
20.
对三峡库区归州老滑坡在库水位从175m下降到145m过程的滑坡稳定性进行研究,通过黄金分割方法优化计算时步,利用MIDAS/GTS有限元软件分析了库水位下降时岸坡内孔隙水压力的变化及由此引起的岸坡稳定性变化,确定了库水位下降量与库岸斜坡稳定安全系数的关系,结果表明:将优化方法用到库岸斜坡稳定性分析中,可提高计算效率;在库水位下降过程中,斜坡的稳定安全系数不是单调降低,而存在一个极小值;三峡库区归州老滑坡基本稳定。 相似文献