共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
研究月面环境下的车辆地面力学,对保证月球探测车辆的正常工作具有重要意义,而用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤则影响其结果的准确度与可信度。用于月面车辆力学试验的模拟月壤,以月壤样本与JSC-1模拟月壤为参考标准,以吉林辉南县火山灰为主要原料、赤铁矿砂为辅料,通过调整试样的粒径分布与赤铁矿砂含量,使模拟月壤的比重、内摩擦角、凝聚力、承压特性、粒径分布、颗粒形态、矿物组成等参数接近JSC-1模拟月壤,并在月壤样本的参数变化范围之内,表明该模拟月壤可用于月面车辆力学试验研究。 相似文献
2.
不同粒径的月球橄榄石二向性反射特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究月表矿物组成和分布,对于探测月表地质构造以及月球的起源和演化具有重要的意义。因此,物质成分探测一直是月球研究的重点课题之一。尽管人类已经能够从月球采集样品进行实验室分析,但遥感技术仍然是研究月球的主要手段。文中主要目的是模拟不同粒径下橄榄石的二向性反射特征。为此,首先提出模拟不同粒径下反射特征的方法,然后利用Hapke模型和Mie散射理论对不同粒径下富铁和富镁橄榄石的二向性反射特征进行了模拟。模拟结果显示,富镁橄榄石的二向性反射率较富铁橄榄石的反射率高。最后,分析了反射率差值和等效粒径的相关性。该结论为选择探月传感器的波段组合、识别橄榄石镁铁含量提供了理论依据,也为应用遥感数据的橄榄石的判别奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
模拟月壤地面力学性质试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
掌握与月球车行驶相关的月壤力学性质是我国月球车研制所急需的。在制备了用于月面车辆力学试验用的模拟月壤基础上,通过三轴试验得出模拟月壤的弹性模量为48.8 MPa;通过硬度测量可知,模拟月壤的硬度小于黑壤土,与石英砂接近;通过压板试验可得模拟月壤的变形指数n为1.13,变形模量K为1 056 kN/mn+2,分析可知,随着变形模量和变形指数的增大,其承压能力增大;通过履带板试验可得模拟月壤剪切变形模量k为1.2 cm,分析可知,剪切破坏模量的增大对剪切强度的影响不大,但会使剪切破坏的峰值向后移动;另外,随着内摩擦角? 和黏聚力c的增加,剪切破坏强度增大。以上研究结果可为月球车行走机构优化设计和通过性能评估提供参考和依据。 相似文献
4.
“嫦娥三号”巡视器上搭载的测月雷达通过500 MHz频率的天线,对巡视路线上的月壳浅层结构进行剖面式观测,能探测到月球地底下30 m深土壤层的结构。为了更好地分析测月雷达的探测结果,文中对月壤分层进行正演模拟,月岩层的介电常数采用与“嫦娥三号”登月点位置最近的Apollo 15的电性参数近似代替,月壤的介电常数是一个和密度相关的值且随深度的变化而变化。根据以上参数建立模型,基于时域有限差分（FDTD）原理,利用GprMax对月壤分层结构进行模拟,建立的模型包括月表介电常数随深度变化二层模型和月岩层存在下界面三层模型,并对其波形特征进行分析,找到月壤层次划分的一般规律,对“嫦娥三号”测月雷达数据的分析提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
悬浮月尘存在污染月表就位光谱仪反射定标板的可能。文中工作模拟并分析了近红外光谱仪反射定标板在无污染、受轻度和重度污染情况下对模拟月壤矿物混合物光谱指纹特征及定量分析模型预测精确度的影响。结果表明：以受污定标板为参比的月壤矿物混合物反射光谱在反射率和指纹特征上均异于无污染样品,且污染越重差异越大;用无污染光谱数据建立的偏最小二乘(PLS)定量分析模型,预测受污样品时其预测精确度显著降低;采用受污后光谱数据重建PLS模型会在一定程度上能提高受污样品的预测准确度。该研究和获得的结论,在星表光学载荷的设计、数据校正以及定量分析模型预测能力评估等方面具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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LIU Bin LIU Jianzhong ZHANG Guangliang LING Zongcheng ZHANG Jiang HE Zhiping YANG Benyong ZOU Yongliao 《中国地球化学学报》2014,33(1):86-94
In 2013, Chang＇E-3 program will develop lunar mineral resources in-situ detection. A Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer （VNIS） has been selected as one payload of CE-3 lunar rover to achieve this goal. It is critical and urgent to evaluate VNIS＇ spectrum data quality and validate quantification methods for mineral composition before its launch. Ground validation experiment of VNIS was carried out to complete the two goals, by simulating CE-3 lunar rover＇s detection environment on lunar surface in the laboratory. Based on the hyperspectral reflectance data derived, Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Square （CA-PLS） algorithm is applied to predict abundance of four lunar typical minerals （pyroxene, plagioclase, ilmenite and olivine） in their mixture. We firstly selected a set of VNIS＇ spectral parameters which highly correlated with minerals＇ abundance by correlation analysis （CA）, and then stepwise regression method was used to find out spectral parameters which make the largest contri- butions to the mineral contents. At last, functions were derived to link minerals＇ abundance and spectral parameters by partial least square （PLS） algorithm. Not considering the effect of maturity, agglutinate and Fe~, we found that there are wonderful correlations between these four minerals and VNIS＇ spectral parameters, e.g. the abundance of pyroxene correlates positively with the mixture＇s absorption depth, the value of absorption depth added as the in- creasing of pyroxene＇s abundance. But the abundance of plagioclase correlates negatively with the spectral parame- ters of band ratio, the value of band ratio would decrease when the abundance of plagioclase increased. Similar to plagioclase, the abundance of ilmenite and olivine has a negative correlation with the mixture＇s reflectance data, if the abundance of ilmenite or olivine increase, the reflectance values of the mixture will decrease. Through model validation, better estimates of pyroxene, plagioclase and ilmenite＇s abundances are given. It is concluded that VNIS has the capability to be applied on lunar minerals＇ identification, and CA-PLS algorithm has the potential to be used on lunar surface＇s in-situ detection for minerals＇ abundance prediction. 相似文献
8.
月壤及模拟月壤微观结构的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了对比研究月壤与模拟月壤的微观结构,介绍了月壤的形成作用过程和5种基本颗粒类型;通过真实月壤照片,对月壤微观结构进行了分析;利用火山灰为模拟月壤主体材料,对其成分进行了检测;对模拟月壤的火山灰颗粒进行了显微图像分析试验。结果表明,月壤存在胶结物微观颗粒,胶结物颗粒具有分支的组织形态和封闭的气泡,并且有金属铁珠存在;火山灰所含的主要成分及含量与月壤相似,经过粉碎的火山灰试样棱角较为明显,其纵横比峰值略小,稍显长条状,但与月壤比较相近,而复杂度因子则略有欠缺,说明颗粒还不够粗糙和多棱 相似文献
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基于主成分分析的反射光谱在岩石学中的应用——以哈密地区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文首先总结并分析了岩矿常见光谱特征的波长位置及其产生原因。然后基于主成分分析技术对哈密42条岩石实验室光谱进行了定量分析。前两个主成分共包含了96．7％的信息量，代表了原始信息。第一主成分反映了岩石总体反射率大小，称为反照率因子；第二主成分反映了光谱曲线斜率变化，称为形状因子。使用这两个主成分可以区分该区主要岩类，达到了数据压缩和分类的目的。第三和第四主成分尽管所占信息很少，但反映了岩石蚀变信息。为了突出蚀变岩石光谱吸收特征，进而又对经过连续统去除后的光谱进行主成分分析，结果发现，在新生成的第三和第四主成分图上，4种矿石被清晰区分开来。 相似文献
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由于月球采样点较少,月壤真实数据稀缺,限制了对月球科学问题的进一步研究。较全面系统地采集月壤样品在近期很难完成,开展月壤光谱模拟工作是月壤实测光谱的必要有益补充,可以为研究月壤光谱特征提供大量数据。基于Hapke模型,我们选取RELAB光谱库的斜长石、单斜辉石、斜方辉石、橄榄石、单质铁、钛铁矿、火山玻璃、熔融玻璃等典型月壤矿物,运用牛顿插值和最小二乘优化的方法,模拟了LSCC月壤数据的一定粒径、单质铁含量、观测条件及矿物混合比例下的混合光谱。模拟光谱与实测光谱拟合较好,相关系数均大于0.99,均方根误差在10-3数量级;模拟矿物丰度与实测矿物丰度基本一致;模拟SMFe含量与相对成熟度指数Is/FeO线性关系明显;模拟粒径基本落在实测粒径组范围内。最后,文中讨论了光谱吸收中心波长、吸收面积等光谱特征参数的模拟精度,以及高精度模拟光谱时光学常数的计算方法。 相似文献
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月球、小行星等无大气行星体具有独特的反射光谱太空风化改造特征,其成因主要被归结于纳米级—亚微米级不透明颗粒等太空风化特征产物.本研究结合Apollo 返回月壤样品、普通球粒和碳质球粒陨石样品的模拟实验结果,综合分析了太空风化特征产物的来源和成因,并讨论了其可能的光谱效应.研究结果表明,np-Fe0 (纳米级单质金属铁)是铁镁硅酸盐等矿物经过微陨石轰击引起的气化沉积作用和原位还原作用形成.np-FeNi(纳米级铁镍金属)的成因主要包括FeNi金属和陨硫铁的气化沉积与冲击分散成因.np-FeNiS(纳米级铁镍金属的硫化物)和sm-FeNiS(亚微米级铁镍金属的硫化物)主要形成于陨硫铁的冲击分散过程.上述不透明颗粒是形成月球与S型小行星紫外—近红外波段光谱反射率降低、特征吸收峰减弱和连续统红移等特征的主要原因.气泡结构主要形成于层状硅酸盐等矿物在微陨石轰击过程中的挥发分逃逸,推测是含水量较高的小行星(如Bennu)紫外-近红外波段光谱反射率增加和连续统蓝移等特征的主要成因.实验结果预期对月球与小行星返回样品分析以及反射光谱的太空风化改造特征的解释提供一定的参考. 相似文献
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The most fundamental character of lunar soil is its high concentrations of solar-wind-implanted elements, and the concentrations and behavior of the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, and Xe, which provide unique and extensive information about a broad range of fundamental problems. In this paper, the authors studied the forming mechanism of lunar regolith, and proposed that most of the noble gases in lunar regolith come from the solar wind. Meteoroid bombardment controls the maturity of lunar soil, with the degree of maturation decreasing with grain size; the concentrations of the noble gases would be of slight variation with the depth of lunar soil but tend to decrease with grain size. In addition, the concentrations of noble gases in lunar soil also show a close relationship with its mineral and chemical compositions. The utilization prospects of the noble gas ^3He in lunar regolith will be further discussed. 相似文献
13.
John B. Adams Peter M. Bell James E. Conel H.K. Mao Thomas B. McCord Douglas B. Nash 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(4):731-743
Visible and near-infra-red spectra of chemically analyzed grains of glass and minerals from the Luna 20 sample were compared with diffuse reflectance spectra of the bulk soil. As in the spectra of soil samples from other localities on the Moon, pyroxene contributes two broad absorption features near 1 μm and 2 μm. The soil has a high integral reflectance (or albedo) arising from plagioclase, which appears to be the dominant mineral in the lunar highlands. The Luna 20 soil curve is most similar to the reflectance curves of the non-rayed soils at Apollo 16, in agreement with the generally similar mineralogy of these samples. The average pyroxene composition in the Luna 20 soil, as determined from the absorption bands in the diffuse reflectance spectra, and analyses of single crystals, is more calcic than in the lithic fragments. Thus, the soil appears to have a few per cent of admixed material derived from mare basalts. Comparison of the soil spectrum with telescopic curves of nearby areas reveals a close similarity; however, the Luna 20 sample is slightly less mature than expected. Luna 20 may have sampled subsurface material that is fresher than the regional surface soil, or alternatively, the Luna 20 area may contain an admixture of relatively recently exposed material from a ray crater. 相似文献
14.
土壤可见光和近红外波段(400~2 500 nm)反射光谱信息包含了大量土壤物理化学参数,土壤反射光谱测量简单、快速,无需破坏样品,而且还可以通过高光谱遥感方法制图。文中使用江苏国土生态地球化学调查中获取的大量土壤样品,研究了土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)、有机质含量、pH值、铁氧化物类型、铁铝硅等常量元素含量等重要土壤生态地球化学参数的光谱反应。结果显示,土壤CEC是进行光谱预测非常成功的参数,1 400、1 900和2 200 nm附近一阶导数光谱(FD)值或短波方向反射率值均可以很好地反映土壤CEC的大小;土壤有机质含量、铁氧化物类型、铁铝硅含量均可以在反射率光谱或其一阶导数(FD)值找到相关波段;土壤导数光谱存在的A、B、C和D峰使反射光谱方法不仅能够定量铁氧化物总量,还能鉴别铁氧化物矿物类型(针铁矿和赤铁矿)及其相对含量;江都土壤光谱的656 nm附近FD值与pH有很大相关性,但是江苏样品显示pH值光谱经验预测具有区域依赖性,可能与土壤类型有关,说明pH与光谱参数之间的关系并非一般的线性关系,而有更复杂的机制。 相似文献
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Fines from a Luna 20 soil sample and from three Apollo 16 deep drill core samples have been analyzed for major-minor element abundances by a combined, semi-micro atomic absorption spectrophotometric and colorimetric method. Both the major element and large ion lithophile trace element abundances in these soils, the first from interior highland sites, are greatly influenced by the very high normative plagioclase content, being distinctly richer in Al and Ca, and poorer in K, P, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ti, than most bulk soil samples from previous lunar missions. The relatively large compositional variations in the Apollo 16 core can be ascribed almost entirely to decreasing plagioclase with increasing depth. The chemical composition of the Luna 20 soil indicates less plagioclase and less KREEP than in the Apollo 16 soils. A lunar differentiation model is presented in which is made the suggestion that KREEP is the result of a second fusion event in a lunar crust consisting of early feldspathic cumulates and primary aluminous ‘liquid’. 相似文献
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1Introduction Thelightscatteredfromthesurfacesofsolarsys temobjectsbearsinformationonthenatureoftheirsur faces,whichcanimproveourknowledgeontheorigin andevolutionofthewholesolarsystem.Theopposition effectreferstothenarrowpeakintheintensityoflight scatteredfromaparticulatemediumdirectlybackin thedirectiontowardthesource,whichalsomeansthe brightnessincreaseswithdecreasingsolarphaseangle (Hapkeetal.,1998).Itisoneofthemajorchallen gesinopticsofplanetarysurfaces.Seeliger(1887) discoveredfirstly… 相似文献
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Fei Zhang Tashpolat Tiyip Jianli Ding Hsiangte Kung Verner C. Johnson Mamat Sawut Nigara Tashpolat Dongwei Gui 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2743-2761
There has been growing interest in the use of reflectance spectroscopy as a rapid and inexpensive tool for soil characterization. In this study, 53 soil samples were collected from the oasis in the Weigan and Kuqa River delta along the middle reaches of Tarim River to investigate the level of soil chemical components in relation to soil spectral. An approach combining spectral technology and multi-variant statistical analysis was used to determine the reflectance spectral features of saline soil. The spectral data was first pretreated to remove noises and absorption bands from water, which eliminated influence from instrument errors and other external background factors. Several spectral absorption features were calculated for several saline soil samples to confirm that soil at the same salinity level had similar absorption spectral properties. Secondly, a correlation relationship between reflectance spectra and salinity factors was estimated by bivariate correlation method. Fourteen salinity factors including eight major ions and soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil salt content (SSC), pH, and total dissolved solid (TDS) in the saline soil were evaluated. Datasets of the salinity factors that correlated significantly with field data measurements of reflectance rate and the corresponding spectrum data were used to construct quantitative regression models. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, SSC, SO4 2?, TDS, and EC had a correlation coefficient at 0.746, 0.908, 0.798, and 0.933 with the raw spectral data, respectively, which confirmed strong correlation between salinity factors and soil reflectance spectrum. Findings from this study will have significant impact on characterization of spectral features of saline soil in oasis in arid land. 相似文献
19.
月壤双轴试验的剪切带离散元数值分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土体的破坏问题一般都是从其剪切带入手进行研究的。针对真实月壤所处的环境（无水、低重力场、低气压等）和内摩擦角较大的特点,采用最近提出的1种考虑粒间抗转动作用与粒间范德华力2个因素的月壤散粒体力学接触模型,用离散单元法模拟了柔性边界条件下月球环境（含范德华力）与地球环境（不含范德华力）2种试样的双轴压缩试验,通过试样局部变形、速度场、孔隙比及转动场的变化情况研究了2种试样剪切带形成与发展。研究结果表明,剪切带的形成是试样内部应变局部化的结果,同时也伴随着试样内部颗粒相对转动的局部化,月面环境对试样的破坏形式与性状（剪切带的倾角及厚度）有显著的影响,探月工程中必须考虑到月面环境对月壤力学性质的影响。 相似文献
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月壤钛铁矿微波烧结制备月球基地结构材料的初步设想 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
月球基地建设是当前"重返月球"的一个重要目标,为满足其建设需要大量结构材料.部分学者通过对真实月壤样品和模拟月壤进行各种高温烧结实验,分析了就地利用月壤矿物资源制备各种材料的方法.但由于月壤成分较为复杂,烧结产物的性能还很难满足实际需求.微波烧结技术作为一项新技术,具有传统烧结技术无法比拟的优势,更适合作为月球资源利用中的烧结加热技术.结合月壤中钛铁矿的含量,通过热力学分析,作者认为利用钛铁矿进行微波烧结实验来制备月球基地所需结构材料是一个值得深入研究的方案. 相似文献