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1.
X射线粉晶衍射仪定量测量海泡石矿样的实验条件 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
在完成海泡石矿石样品的矿物组成及相对含量测试、均匀性检验、稳定性和粒度分布特征检查的基础上,选择合适的X射线粉晶衍射定量测量海泡石的实验条件,利用海泡石、刚玉和萤石纯样配制一系列海泡石质量分数已知的标准样品,采用内标定量法、固体计数器和计数强度测试技术,对低、中、高3种不同含量的海泡石样品进行测量。结果表明:获得的海泡石样品定量测量数据符合现有的行业标准,采用的定量测试方法与测量条件满足黏土开采企业和实验研究单位测试要求,达到了X射线粉晶衍射法定量分析黏土矿物的目的。 相似文献
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X射线物相定量分析,是解决混合物中每种矿物的含量问题,它主要解决化学方法不能解决的一些问题。例如,对于高铝矿物中的红柱石、蓝晶石和矽线石,化学分析是靠Al_2O_3的含量,据据上述矿物的分子式来换算成这些矿物的含量。由于这些矿物均与长石、云母、绿泥石……等铝硅酸盐共生,在溶矿中,这些矿物也都不同程度地被溶解了。因此,所计算出来的矿物量,不是真正高铝矿物的含量。又如,用化学方法确定滑石的含量,是按MgO的含量,据据滑石的分子式计算出滑石的含量。而与滑石共生的矿物有透闪石、透辉石、绿泥石及蛇纹石等。这些矿物也都是镁的硅酸盐矿物。因此,化学分析结果也不能代表滑石的真正含量。 相似文献
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X射线衍射全谱拟合法快速分析长石矿物含量 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
长石中矿物的含量需要根据化学分析结果计算获得,分析流程长、计算复杂,而光学显微镜测定长石含量易受切片位置的影响。本文利用High Score软件对长石样品进行X射线衍射全谱拟合分析,能有效降低衍射峰重叠影响,修正择优取向造成的衍射强度误差,方法的准确度优于参比法(RIR法);样品定量分析结果与绝热法结果接近,相对偏差小于1.69%;与化学分析结果换算的矿物含量比较,绝对误差小于5%,满足了DZ/T 0130—2006所规定的绝对误差允许限。采用钾长石国家一级标准物质进行验证,主要矿物成分的分析误差小于1.34%,与钾长石化学成分标准值相比,绝对误差均小于1%。对长石物相进行定量分析的结果表明:X射线衍射全谱拟合法操作简单,分析质量能够满足相关标准对衍射分析的要求,用于地质实验中岩石矿物物相含量分析是可行的。 相似文献
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粘土矿物定量分析偏差的修正 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用Ｘ射线衍射定量分析方法中的基体清洗法及其演化而来的自清洗法 对粘土常见矿物蒙脱石,绿泥石,高岭石,伊利石,等的Ｋ值进行了实验测定,在上经基础上提出了采用稀释法,即外加一定量石英对由于粘土矿物结晶度和定向度差异所引起定量分析偏差进行修正的方法。 相似文献
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以往千枚岩是依据显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名.实际上千枚岩中鳞片状绿泥石和黑云母以及微粒石英、钾长石和斜长石在岩石薄片中区分十分困难.为了准确鉴定千枚岩中鳞片状和微粒状造岩矿物种类及其相对含量,利用X射线粉晶衍射半定量技术对19件千枚岩岩石进行分析测试.研究结果显示：利用云母、绿泥石、石英、钾长石和斜长石等造岩矿物X射线衍射峰的明显差异,结合X射线衍射全谱拟合半定量分析测试技术,能快速检测云母、绿泥石、石英、钾长石和斜长石等造岩矿物种类与含量.实践证明,将千枚岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术紧密结合起来,才能准确定出千枚岩岩石的名称. 相似文献
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X射线粉晶衍射仪在大理岩鉴定与分类中的应用 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大理岩主要有方解石大理岩、白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩三种。以往大理岩是依据偏光显微镜下观察岩石结构构造及矿物成分进行分类定名,由于方解石、白云石、菱镁矿都属于三方晶系,具有闪突起、高级白干涉色、一轴晶负光性和菱形解理等相同晶体光学特征,偏光显微镜下区分十分困难。为了准确鉴定大理岩中碳酸盐矿物种类及其相对含量,本文利用岩石薄片偏光显微镜和X射线粉晶衍射技术对32件大理岩岩石样品进行分析测试。岩石薄片鉴定结果表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、白云母、黑云母、绿泥石、黏土和金属矿物。根据岩石结构构造及矿物组分特征,可把32件大理岩样品划分为方解石大理岩、长英质方解石大理岩、石英绿泥白云石大理岩、白云石大理岩、云英质白云石大理岩和菱镁矿大理岩等15个类型。X射线粉晶衍射分析表明:大理岩造岩矿物主要有方解石、白云石、菱镁矿、石英、斜长石、钾长石、云母、绿泥石、滑石和蒙脱石。综合分析认为:岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定技术很难区分方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物,以及细小的石英、钾长石和斜长石、滑石和白云母等鳞片状硅酸盐矿物;X射线粉晶衍射分析技术不仅能准确检测出大理岩中方解石、白云石和菱镁矿等碳酸盐矿物种类及相对含量(方解石、白云石和菱镁矿的X射线衍射主峰有明显差异,d值分别为0.303 nm、0.288 nm和0.274 nm),而且能够有效鉴别岩石中粉砂级斜长石、钾长石与石英(三种矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为0.319 nm、0.324 nm、0.334 nm);且能区分蒙脱石、绿泥石、云母和滑石等层状硅酸盐矿物(四种硅酸盐矿物的X射线衍射主峰d值分别为1.400 nm、0.705 nm、0.989 nm、0.938 nm)。综合岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射分析结果,最终确定32件大理岩样品划分为22个岩石类型。研究认为:仅根据岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定或X射线粉晶衍射技术其中一种方法不能准确鉴定大理岩岩石,应将大理岩岩石野外观察、岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射技术结合起来,才能准确确定大理岩岩石类型。 相似文献
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安徽龙河口水库流域沉积物中粘土矿物分析及其环境意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
龙河口水库是巢湖上游的重要水源地,对水库钻孔ALE的粘土矿物进行定性和半定量分析,发现水库沉积的粘土矿物主要是绿泥石(含绿泥石/蛭石混层矿物),多年平均含量达40%,其次是高岭石和伊利石及少量的蒙皂石,伊利石的多年平均含量只有21%,远低于该流域中晓天河(54%)和滑石河(63.5%)的表层样。水库和龙潭河粘土矿物的含量组成较相似,与晓天河和滑石河差别较大。表层样中粘土矿物的差异主要受流域的地质地貌的影响,水库沉积物中粘土矿物的特征主要与环境动力和粘土矿物的结晶习性有密切的关系。 相似文献
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X射线粉晶衍射仪在辽宁瓦房店金伯利岩蚀变矿物鉴定中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
瓦房店金伯利岩热液蚀变强烈,原岩矿物组分几乎蚀变殆尽,显微镜下对蚀变矿物鉴定相当困难.利用X射线粉晶衍射技术对蚀变金伯利岩物相进行系统检测,结果显示：42号岩管金伯利岩主要矿物为蛇纹石、金云母和滑石,有少量方解石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、石英、钛铁矿、钙钛矿、榍石、磁铁矿和绿泥石;石灰窑1号无矿金伯利岩岩管主要矿物为蛇纹石、金云母和白云石,有少量方解石、锐钛矿、磷灰石、滑石、磁铁矿和绿泥石;9号无矿金伯利岩岩脉主要矿物为方解石和石英,有少量绿泥石和重晶石;51号贫矿金伯利岩岩管主要矿物为蛇纹石和金云母,方解石化作用不均匀,白云石化作用普遍,有少量锐钛矿、滑石、磁铁矿、绿泥石、磷灰石、钛铁矿、石英;30号贫矿岩管样品风化严重,主要矿物为蒙脱石,有少量方解石、滑石、蛇纹石、榍石、磷灰石.实践证明,采用X射线粉晶衍射仪鉴定金伯利岩蚀变矿物组合是一种非常可行的技术手段. 相似文献
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通过偏光显微镜、电子显微镜、电子探针仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪以及拉曼光谱仪等测试对广西大化玉的宝玉石学特征进行了研究,结果表明大化玉主要由微晶透闪石集合体组成,并含有方解石、透辉石、磷灰石、石英、绿泥石、蛇纹石、滑石、石榴石和褐铁矿等次要矿物。对其硬度、密度、折射率、抗压强度、抗拉强度和韧性等进行了系统测定。通过野外考察以及对室内成矿温度、氢氧同位素、硅同位素和稀土元素等特征进行综合分析,确定大化玉矿床成因类型为层控性接触交代型岩浆热液矿床,根据辉绿岩中锆石U-Pb法测年,确定其成矿年龄为2.6亿年左右,并建立了对应成矿模式图。 相似文献
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Vesselin M. Dekov Javier Cuadros Wayne C. Shanks Randolph A. Koski 《Chemical Geology》2008,247(1-2):171-194
Talc, kerolite–smectite, smectite, chlorite–smectite and chlorite samples from sediments, chimneys and massive sulfides from six seafloor hydrothermal areas have been analyzed for mineralogy, chemistry and oxygen isotopes. Samples are from both peridotite- and basalt-hosted hydrothermal systems, and basaltic systems include sediment-free and sediment-covered sites. Mg-phyllosilicates at seafloor hydrothermal sites have previously been described as talc, stevensite or saponite. In contrast, new data show tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicates ranging from pure talc and Fe-rich talc, through kerolite-rich kerolite–smectite to smectite-rich kerolite–smectite and tri-octahedral smectite. The most common occurrence is mixed-layer kerolite–smectite, which shows an almost complete interstratification series with 5 to 85% smectitic layers. The smectite interstratified with kerolite is mostly tri-octahedral. The degree of crystal perfection of the clay sequence decreases generally from talc to kerolite–smectite with lower crystalline perfection as the proportion of smectite layers in kerolite–smectite increases.Our studies do not support any dependence of the precipitated minerals on the type/subtype of hydrothermal system. Oxygen isotope geothermometry demonstrates that talc and kerolite–smectite precipitated in chimneys, massive sulfide mounds, at the sediment surface and in open cracks in the sediment near seafloor are high-temperature (> 250 °C) phases that are most probably the result of focused fluid discharge. The other end-member of this tri-octahedral Mg-phyllosilicate sequence, smectite, is a moderate-temperature (200–250 °C) phase forming deep within the sediment (～ 0.8 m). Chlorite and chlorite–smectite, which constitute the alteration sediment matrix around the hydrothermal mounds, are lower-temperature (150–200 °C) phases produced by diffuse fluid discharge through the sediment around the hydrothermal conduits. In addition to temperature, other two controls on the precipitation of this sequence are the silica activity and Mg/Al ratio (i.e. the degree of mixing of seawater with hydrothermal fluid). Higher silica activity favors the formation of talc relative to tri-octahedral smectite. Vent structures and sedimentary cover preclude complete mixing of hydrothermal fluid and ambient seawater, resulting in lower Mg/Al ratios in the interior parts of the chimneys and deeper in the sediment which leads to the precipitation of phyllosilicates with lower Mg contents. Talc and kerolite–smectite have very low trace- and rare earth element contents. Some exhibit a negative or flat Eu anomaly, which suggests Eu depletion in the original hydrothermal fluid. Such Eu depletion could be caused by precipitation of anhydrite or barite (sinks for Eu2+) deeper in the system. REE abundances and distribution patterns indicate that chlorite and chlorite–smectite are hydrothermal alteration products of the background turbiditic sediment. 相似文献
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M. F. El-Sharkawy 《Mineralium Deposita》2000,35(4):346-363
Petrographical and petrochemical studies of the talc host rocks of Rod Umm El-Farag and Wadi Thamil in the Eastern Desert
of Egypt reveal that they consist mainly of metavolcanic rocks, whilst the geology, petrography, mineralogy, chemistry and
quality of the enclosed talc lenses reveal that the ore has ultramafic affinity. The setting of the talc ore is similar to
that hosted by metavolcanic rocks in terms of the type of host rocks, but it differs in its ultramafic affinity, resembling
the talc ore hosted by ultramafic rocks. The parent ultramafic rocks occur in the form of small bodies obducted later along
a tectonized fault plane within metavolcanic host rocks (Precambrian) and their tuffaceous equivalents. The metavolcanic host
rocks consist mainly of metabasalts, meta-andesites and metatuffs with a smaller amount of dacite, rhyolite and tuffaceous
lava. The metamorphic grade is low corresponding to greenschist facies. The calc-alkaline and tholeiitic characters of the
volcanic rocks are determined by the behaviour of trace elements on some chemical discrimination diagrams. After the emplacement
of the ultramafic bodies, they underwent regional metamorphism which was accompanied by further serpentinization. Metasomatic
changes, related to regional metamorphism (corresponding to the emplacement of granitic plutons at a distance) include talc,
carbonate, tremolite and chlorite formation. SiO2, H2O and CO2 have been supplied from hydrothermal solutions but all other constituents are considered indigenous to the ultramafic bodies,
and none of the metavolcanic components have been added during talc formation. Mineralogically, the talc ore is relatively
simple, including talc, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite and chromite. On the basis of mineral abundances, pure talc (>90%
talc), chlorite-rich and tremolite-actinolite-rich (50–70% talc) ore types have been recognized. Chromite is largely zoned
and occurs as disseminated grains within the talc matrix. Cr, Al and Mg were released during the formation of ferrite chromite
and accommodated in the talc and chlorite structures. The chemical data show that there is very little variation in the contents
of MgO, Fe2O3, FeO, NiO, Cr2O3, and Co between the parent ultramafic rocks and talc ore. Al2O3, CaO, Fe2O3 and FeO are the main impurity oxides in the talc ore. They decrease the whiteness of the ore and consequently limit the use
of talc.
Received: 26 March 1999 / Accepted: 10 October 1999 相似文献
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利用偏光显微镜岩石薄片鉴定和X射线粉晶衍射物相分析技术,对34件片麻岩样品矿物组分进行检测.两种方法分析结果比对显示,有18件岩石样品定名一致,其余16件岩石样品详细定名有差异.偏光显微镜鉴定技术的优势在于能准确定出岩石构造和结构,能鉴定出更多的金属矿物、电气石、榍石、磷灰石、绿帘石,有效区分白云母和黑云母;X射线粉晶衍射法优势在于更准确区分出岩石中层状硅酸盐矿物绿泥石、蒙脱石和云母,确定钾长石、钠长石和石英矿物种类与含量.研究表明：片麻岩鉴定应该把偏光显微镜岩石薄片法与X射线粉晶衍射矿物半定量技术结合起来,才能更好地确定片麻岩的矿物组分,为地学研究提供更符合客观实际的技术数据和分析结论. 相似文献
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位于法国比利牛斯山的Trimouns矿床是世界上最大的滑石-绿泥石矿床之一。对该矿床形成的条件及滑石和绿泥石矿石的含量已较清楚。它是由不同类型的岩石通过热液交代蚀变而形成的，主要包括白云岩蚀变为滑石为主的矿石和硅铝质岩石(云母片岩和伟晶岩)蚀变为绿泥石为主的矿石。滑石矿石显示片理化结构(滑石片岩)或压实块状结构(块滑石)。由伟晶岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石为呈绿色的球状矿体，而由云母片岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石呈块状或片理状、颜色为灰绿色和深灰色。本文对欧洲这个独一无二的滑石和绿泥石矿床的地质特征和成因进行了总结和讨论。流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体为高盐度(20to30％eq．wt％NaCl)、中温(320℃)、压为为2．5kbars。磷钇矿和独居石的U—Ph定年结果表明，成矿年代为112—97Ma，成矿作用可能持续了16Ma以上。 相似文献
17.
The Metamorphism of the Blue River Ultramafic Body, Cassiar, British Columbia, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Blue River ultramafic body is an ‘Alpine’-typeperidotite tectonically emplaced within spilitic volcanic rocksin northern British Columbia. The intrusive margins were shearedand serpentinized to a lizardite-chrysotile plus brucite assemblageduring emplacement, prior to thermal metamorphism in the aureoleof a younger batholith. Relatively anhydrous peridotite andhydrous serpentinite were both affected by thermal metamorphism.The body has been subdivided into units defined by the mineralassemblages observed in meta-peridotite and meta-serpentiniteabove and below the isograd for the advent of the mineral talc.Isograds were also established for prograde metamorphic olivine,tremolite, and enstatite. The intrusive was subjected to two metamorphic processes, oxidationand dehydration. The nucleation of metamorphic olivine in weaklymetamorphosed serpentinite was erratic, and turbid porphyroblastcores are enriched in Fe and Mn. The dehydration reaction isthought to have been metastable. Above the talc isograd, serpentine, in both peridotite and serpentinite,reacted with original spinel to form ferritchromit and chlorite.The chlorite becomes progressively more aluminous with increasein grade. The oxidation process inhibited dehydration in meta-peridotiteas a stable chlorite was formed. The process also served toreduce the Fe content of the silicate system, as shown by thecomposition of the olivine generated from excess serpentinein high grade meta-serpentinite. 相似文献
18.
X射线物相定量分析,是解决混合物中每种矿物的含量问题,它主要解决化学方法不能解决的一些问题。例如,对于高铝矿物中的红柱石、蓝晶石和矽线石,化学分析是靠Al_2O_3的含量,据据上述矿物的分子式来换算成这些矿物的含量。由于这些矿物均与长 相似文献
19.
《矿物学报》2013,(Z1)
Talc is a hydroxyled, magnesium-rich, layered silicate that has the ideal chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Due to its unique properties, such as softness, chemical inertness, high thermal stability, low electrical conductivity, lamellar habit, adsorption properties, and occurrence of a wide range of particle sizes that can be easily reduced by milling and high specific surface area, talc is widely used in many industries. A stratified deposit of unusual black talc, an occurrence of talc estimated to be more than half a billion tons, was found exposed in the late Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation, located in Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province, southeastern China. The ores occur primarily as oolitic structures (Fig. 1). The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the ores were investigated by using multiple techniques. The ores were found to mainly consist of talc (30%–70%), dolomite, quartz, and magnesite. Most of talc crystals are ultrafine (with an average crystallite size of smaller than 5 μm) and appear as irregular broken or distorted lamellar flakes. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the black talc ore samples is generally lower than 1.0%. Electron-microprobe analysis (EPMA) revealed low contents of Na, K, Ca and Mn, Fe, Ni, Al in the talc oolitic particles. The talc ores have low contents of toxic elements and relatively high contents of Li and Zn. The infrared spectrum of the black talc is similar to that of white talc from Trimouns (Pyrenees, France), and their Brunauer–Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, ranging from 15.7 to 23.2 m2/g, is much higher than those of white talc (normally lower than 5.0 m2/g), which may be due to the small size of the talc crystals. 相似文献