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1.
Rajiv K. Giri 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(2):126-138
In bioreactor landfills, different configurations of closely spaced horizontal trench (HT) systems are often considered as leachate recirculation systems to achieve uniform and rapid distribution of moisture in municipal solid waste (MSW). In this study, a numerical two-phase flow modelling was adopted to study the effects of geometric configuration of HT systems on the moisture distribution in MSW, and the stability of a simplified bioreactor landfill slope during continuous and intermittent leachate recirculation. Transient variations in pore water and capillary pressures in MSW were assessed, and slope stability analyses were performed using strength reduction technique. MSW was considered as heterogeneous and anisotropic with varied unit weight and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The results demonstrated that geometric configurations of HT systems significantly affected the moisture distribution, generation and distribution of pore water and capillary pressures in MSW, and considerably influenced the mechanical stability of bioreactor landfill slope. It was concluded that staggered configuration of closely spaced HT systems with intermittent sequences of leachate recirculation and subsequent gravity drainage in alternate shallow and deep HT layers should be adopted as they produce uniform moisture distribution and ensure the mechanical stability of landfill slope due to low induced pore pressures near side slope. Overall, this study presents a significant contribution to the understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling the geotechnical stability of bioreactor landfills during leachate operations. Furthermore, the capability of the adopted commercial code was verified with complexities related to bioreactors behaviour. However, further research is needed to validate the model based on field monitoring data at actual bioreactor landfills. 相似文献
2.
The primary objective of bioreactor landfill is to achieve adequate and rapid distribution of moisture in landfilled municipal solid waste (MSW) to accelerate the anaerobic biodegradation of the organic fraction within MSW. A horizontal trench system (HT) is commonly adopted for leachate distribution in MSW under pressurized conditions. However, this approach should be implemented carefully due to the potential instability of landfill slopes that comes from the generation and distribution of excessive pore fluid pressures. In this study, HT design charts are presented that determine the optimal location of horizontal trench systems from the side slope (i.e., minimum lateral setback distance) under continuous leachate addition with maximum applied injection pressures, for which the landfill slopes remain stable [factor of safety (FOS) where FOS ≥ 1.5]. Use of any higher injection pressure and/or shorter lateral setback distance of HT than the one presented in the design charts would result in an unacceptable design of the bioreactor side slope (FOS < 1.5). The design chart was developed based on a parametric study that used a numerical two-phase flow model that involved different slope configurations and landfill waste depths. MSW heterogeneity and anisotropy, as well as unsaturated hydraulic properties, were taken into consideration in these simulations. Transient changes in pore water and gas pressures due to leachate recirculation were accounted for dually in the slope stability computations. The importance of these design charts is illustrated using a practical example. Site-specific conditions and the expertise and prior experience of a designer or operator must also be adequately considered and utilized with the design charts presented here for the safe design of a horizontal trench system in a bioreactor landfill. 相似文献
3.
Drainage blankets (DB) are used for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills and consist of highly permeable material placed over a large area of the landfill with the leachate injection pipe embedded in the material at specified locations. DBs are generally installed at different depth levels during the waste filling operations. Very limited information is reported on performance of DBs, and that which exists is based on a small number of field monitoring and modeling studies. A rational method for the design of landfills using DBs has not been developed. This study performs a parametric analysis based on a validated two-phase flow model and presents design charts to guide the design of DBs for given hydraulic properties of MSW, the leachate injection rate and the dimensions and locations of the DB as measured from the leachate collection and recirculation system (LCRS) located at the bottom of the landfill cell. Numerical simulations were performed for the two established MSW conditions: homogeneous–isotropic and heterogeneous–anisotropic waste. The optimal levels of leachate saturation, wetted width, wetted area and developed pore water and pore gas pressures were determined, and design charts using the normalized parameters were developed. An example is presented on the use of design charts for typical field application. 相似文献
4.
During leachate recirculation, a bioreactor landfill will experience more rapid and complete settlement, which is mainly attributed to the weight of municipal solid waste (MSW) and its biodegradation. The settlement of MSW may cause the decrease of void ratio of MSW, which will influence the permeability of MSW and the leachate quantity that can be held in bioreactor landfills. In this study, a new one-dimensional model of leachate recirculation using infiltration pond is developed. The new method is not only capable of describing leachate flow considering the effect of MSW settlement, but also accounting separately leachate flow in saturated and unsaturated zones. Moreover, the effects of operating parameters are evaluated with a parametric study. The analyzing results show that the influence depth of leachate recirculation considering the effect of MSW settlement is smaller than the value without considering the effect. The influence depth and leachate recirculation volume increase with the increase of infiltration pond pressure head and MSW void ratio. This indicates that the field compaction of MSW has a great influence on the leachate recirculation. 相似文献
5.
Bioreactor landfills are operated for rapid stabilization of waste, increased landfill gas generation for cost-effective energy
recovery, gain in landfill space, enhanced leachate treatment, and reduced post closure maintenance period. The fundamental
process of waste stabilization in bioreactor landfill is recirculation of generated leachate back into the landfills. This
creates a favorable environment for rapid microbial decomposition of the biodegradable solid waste. In order to better estimate
the generated leachate and design of leachate recirculation system, clear understanding of the permeability of the Municipal
Solid Waste (MSW) with degradation and the factors influencing the permeability is necessary. The objective of the paper is
to determine the changes in hydraulic properties of MSW in bioreactor landfill with time and decomposition. Four small-scale
bioreactor landfills were built in laboratory and samples were prepared to represent each phase of decomposition. Then, the
changes in hydraulic properties of MSW in bioreactor landfill with time and decomposition were determined. A series of constant
head permeability tests were performed on the samples generated in laboratory scale bioreactor landfills to determine variation
of permeability of MSW with degradation. The test results indicated that the permeability of MSW in bioreactor landfills decreases
with decomposition. Based on the test results, the permeability of MSW at the first phase of degradation was estimated as
0.0088 cm/s at density 700 kg/m3. However, with degradation, permeability decreased to 0.0013 cm/s at the same density, for MSW at Phase IV. 相似文献
6.
为了研究渗滤液水位以下产气对孔隙压力的影响,从孔隙气在渗滤液水位以下特定的流动状态出发,采用峰值产气模型,结合了达西定律、理想气体状态方程和多孔介质流体动力学理论,建立了渗滤液水位以下考虑产气作用的气液迁移模型。运用差分法对产气引起的气液迁移问题进行了数值求解。计算结果表明,渗滤液水位以下垃圾体的产气对孔隙压力的影响主要有渗滤液渗流引起的附加孔隙压力和水位升高引起的附加孔隙压力,按孔隙气所处阶段的不同可以分为孔隙气被封闭时孔压积聚阶段、孔隙气突破孔隙水封闭时的孔压急剧消散阶段以及由对流作用控制的气液运移阶段;高产气速率、高渗滤液水位和低渗透系数都会使得垃圾体内产生较高的孔隙压力;降低填埋场内渗滤液水位是减小产气对孔隙压力影响的有效措施。 相似文献
7.
基于Fredlund非饱和土一维固结理论,建立了二维平面应变条件下的固结方程组,并得到了单层非饱和土平面应变条件下的解析解。基于相关理论,假设体变系数和渗透系数都为常量,同时考虑到瞬时加载条件下,沿着土体深度方向上产生均匀或者线性分布的初始超孔隙压力,建立了二阶二元偏微分方程组。求解时,引入函数方法来降低方程的阶数,然后通过分离变量法获得方程的通解。在此基础上,结合一个针对单面排水条件下二维平面应变问题案例,通过与数值解对比,验证了所提方法的正确性。并采用所提方法计算获得了二维平面下超孔隙水压力、气压力沿垂直和水平方向消散的等时线,通过计算对比,分析了不同线性分布情况下,初始超孔隙压力对固结消散过程的影响。研究结果表明：初始超孔隙压力的不同分布对超孔隙气压力消散的影响几乎可以忽略,而对超孔隙水压力消散的影响更大。 相似文献
8.
真空预压加固区硬壳层的水分运移解析解 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据非饱和土体的渗流理论,建立水分运移模型,研究真空预压在稳态下的水分运移机制,给出了孔隙水压力分布的控制方程及其解析解。根据工程实测数据验证解析解的结果,并对不同参数进行分析。结果表明：稳态下真空预压水分运移模型计算的结果和现场实测数据基本吻合。扩散通量Q和降饱和系数?对上层非饱和区域的形成位置、强度及厚度的影响较大。扩散通量Q越大,土体表层的基质吸力越大,孔隙水压力变化趋势就越大;降饱和系数?在0.3~1.0 kPa-1内对非饱和土体部分基本没有影响。 相似文献
9.
A closed form analytical solution for two‐dimensional plane strain consolidation of unsaturated soil stratum 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper discusses the excess pore‐air and pore‐water pressure dissipations and the average degree of consolidation in the 2D plane strain consolidation of an unsaturated soil stratum using eigenfunction expansion and Laplace transformation techniques. In this study, the application of a constant external loading on a soil surface is assumed to immediately generate uniformly or linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. The general solutions consisting of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are first proposed. The Laplace transform is then applied to convert the time variable t in partial differential equations into the Laplace complex argument s. Once the domain is obtained, a simplified set of equations with variable s can be achieved. The final analytical solutions can be computed by taking a Laplace inverse. The proposed equations predict the two‐dimensional consolidation behaviour of an unsaturated soil stratum capturing the uniformly and linearly distributed initial excess pore pressures. This study investigates the effects of isotropic and anisotropic permeability conditions on variations of excess pore pressures and the average degree of consolidation. Additionally, isochrones of excess pore pressures along vertical and horizontal directions are presented. It is found that the initial distribution of pore pressures, varying with depth, results in considerable effects on the pore‐water pressure dissipation rate whilst it has insignificant effects on the excess pore‐air pressure dissipation rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
为研究层状黏性土在静压桩沉桩过程中桩土界面孔隙水压力的分布规律,依托山东东营某桩基工程开展了现场足尺静压桩试验,分析了桩土界面孔隙水压力的变化规律,探讨了桩土界面超孔隙水压力的分布特征,明确了桩土界面孔隙水压力和超孔隙水压力的消散特性,并结合水力压裂理论和孔穴扩张理论,揭示了沉桩过程中桩土界面沿桩长方向超孔隙水压力的分布形式。试验结果表明：孔隙水压力、超孔隙水压力与土层性质密切相关,二者均在粉土层中增长较慢,在粉质黏土层中增长较快;在同一深度处,两者均存在明显的消散现象,在粉土中的消散程度明显大于粉质黏土中;采用水力压裂理论结合孔穴扩张理论计算的超孔隙水压力沿桩长方向的变化规律与试验值相吻合;桩身贯入深度越大,超孔隙水压力理论计算值与现场实测值越接近。 相似文献
11.
D. Sivakumar 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(5):903-916
An extensive use of solid-waste landfills for disposal of municipal and industrial wastes have prompted increased attention to groundwater pollution caused by leachate generated in such landfills. The potential for groundwater contamination by leachate has necessitated engineering designs for landfills. The quantity of leachate generated from the solid waste and the movement of water through the solid waste depends on water input and the solid-waste characteristics. This paper dealt with the experimental investigations using the laboratory solid-waste leaching column to estimate the total leachate volume/leachate flow for unsaturated and saturated conditions. The hydraulic properties of the solid waste like initial moisture content, field capacity, permanent wilting point, saturation moisture content, effective void ratio, saturation hydraulic conductivity and saturation suction pressure were determined from the small-scale laboratory experiments, which are the input for analytical model study of leachate flow/total leachate volume for both unsaturated and saturated conditions. The result of analytical model study was compared with the results of experimental investigations. Comparisons of measured and computed total leachate volume/leachate flow using Darcy’s law showed reasonable agreement. 相似文献
12.
在最优含水率干侧压实的黏土一般具有明显的双孔结构,其集聚体间孔隙（又称宏观孔隙）和集聚体内孔隙（又称微观孔隙）对土体宏观水力和力学特性影响差异显著,同时,水-力耦合作用下两种孔隙的演化规律也存在明显不同。双孔结构非饱和土对应的孔径分布函数为双峰孔径分布形式,该分布函数可通过叠加宏观孔隙和微观孔隙的单峰孔径分布曲线得到,并通过平移量、缩放量和分散度3个演化参数对双孔结构土的孔隙演化规律进行描述。通过构建在力学及水力加、卸载过程中演化参数与孔隙比之间的关系,提出了适用于描述变吸力下非饱和压实土的微观结构演化模型。分别基于所开展的桂林红黏土压汞试验数据和文献中的米尼亚卢博瓦膨胀土试验数据,对所建立的微观结构演化模型进行参数标定,并通过模型预测结果与试验结果的对比,验证了所建立模型的适用性。 相似文献
13.
14.
盾构施工会对周围土体产生扰动,形成超孔隙水压力,引起工后固结沉降。运用应力释放理论推导与衬砌相邻的土体初始超孔隙水压力计算公式。假定扰动范围边界呈圆弧状,确定初始超孔隙水压力的分布范围;同时运用应力传递理论,推导分布范围内任一点土体的初始超孔隙水压力计算公式。通过对实测资料的分析可知,计算值与实测值吻合较好。算例分析表明,与衬砌相邻的土体初始超孔隙水压力呈近似圆形（顶部小、底部大）;随着到衬砌的径向距离增加,土体初始超孔隙水压力呈凹曲线形状;隧道底部的等值线最密,即变化最快;隧道顶部上方土体、不同深度处土体初始超孔隙水压力,以隧道轴线处为最大,呈现类似Peck曲线形状。 相似文献
15.
Analytical solution to axisymmetric consolidation of unsaturated soil stratum under equal strain condition incorporating smear effects 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper proposes closed‐form analytical solutions to the axisymmetric consolidation of an unsaturated soil stratum using the equal strain hypothesis. Following the 1‐dimensional (1D) consolidation theory for unsaturated soil mechanics, polar governing equations describing the air and water flows are first presented on the basis of Fick's law and Darcy's law, respectively. The current study takes into account the peripheral smear caused by an installation of vertical drain. Separation of variables and Laplace transformation are mainly adopted in the analytical derivation to obtain final solutions. Then, the hydraulic conductivity ratio, the radius of influence zone and smear parameters influencing time‐dependent excess pore pressures, and the average degree of consolidation are graphically interpreted. In this study, a comparison made between the proposed equal strain results and the existing free strain results suggests that both hypotheses would deliver similar predictions. Moreover, it is found that the smear zone resulting from vertical drain installations would hinder the consolidation rate considerably. 相似文献
16.
随着海洋岛礁工程的大力推进,吹填珊瑚砂地基的密实加固问题开始备受关注。利用自主研发的室内振冲器开展了珊瑚砂饱和砂土地基的室内振冲模型试验研究,深入分析了振冲过程中动孔隙水压力、水平动土压力等动参量的响应规律,探讨了振冲后沉降变形、相对密实度的变化特征。结果表明：松散珊瑚砂地基的密实度在经过两次双点振冲反复加固后均提升至中密。其中相对密实度在振冲点位处的提升效果较其余位置更为明显,并且中层或深层区域的加固效果优于表层区域。在超孔隙水压力方面,其最大值出现在振冲珊瑚砂地基过程中的贯入阶段,并且在留振开始时出现衰减现象。珊瑚砂地基在振冲器上拔过程中超孔隙水压力发生断崖式下跌。在第2次贯入时,超孔隙水压力比的峰值较首次出现显著下降。超孔隙水压力比等值线云图表明,振冲过程中的超孔隙水压力比等值线呈现平行分布。珊瑚砂浅层水平土压力随振冲器的贯入与拔出均呈现增加态势,深层水平土压力则呈现减少态势。 相似文献
17.
Shear strength characterization of municipal solid waste at the Suzhou landfill, China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The current practice of slope stability analysis for a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill usually overlooks the dependence of waste properties on the fill age or embedment depth. Changes in shear strength of MSW as a function of fill age were investigated by performing field and laboratory studies on the Suzhou landfill in China. The field study included sampling from five boreholes advanced to the bottom of the landfill, cone penetration tests and monitoring of pore fluid pressures. Twenty-six borehole samples representative of different fill ages (0 to 13 years) were used to perform drained triaxial compression tests. The field and laboratory study showed that the waste body in the landfill can be sub-divided into several strata corresponding to different ranges of fill age. Each of the waste strata has individual composition and shear strength characteristics. The triaxial test results showed that the MSW samples exhibited a strain-hardening and contractive behavior. As the fill age of the waste increased from 1.7 years to 11 years, the cohesion mobilized at a strain level of 10% was found to decrease from 23.3 kPa to 0 kPa, and the mobilized friction angle at the same strain level increasing from 9.9° to 26°. For a confinement stress level greater than 50 kPa, the shear strength of the recently-placed MSW seemed to be lower than that of the older MSW. This behavior was consistent with the cone penetration test results. The field measurement of pore pressures revealed a perched leachate mound above an intermediate cover of soils and a substantial leachate mound near the bottom of the landfill. The measurements of shear strength properties and pore pressures were utilized to assess the slope stability of the Suzhou landfill. 相似文献
18.
粉喷桩-土工格栅复合地基应力现场测试研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
粉喷桩-土工格栅复合地基使地基水平向和竖直向对抵抗变形的能力得到了增强。针对粉喷桩联合土工格栅加固地基性状进行了现场研究,包括地基的沉降、地土压力、孔隙水压力。根据试验结果,分析了格栅上下土压力的变化、桩土应力比变化、沉降与土压力的关系以及埋于不同深度孔隙水压力变化情况,得到桩-网复合地基受力机理和地基沉降的规律：（1）超孔隙水压力消散慢,但孔隙水压力与上部填土相比变化不大;（2）桩土应力较大,具有均化土压力的作用,同时基于各个断面土压力分布特点,提出了“拱效应”的观点;（3）地基的变形主要是以下卧软土层压缩和桩刺入变形和桩本身的变形,研究结果为进一步的理论研究和工程设计提供了有益的依据。 相似文献
19.
不同固结压力下强结构性黏土孔隙分布试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨结构性土变形的微观机制,以湛江地区结构性黏土为研究对象,对原状土和压缩试验后土样进行压汞试验,分析不同固结压力下土的孔隙分布、孔径大小以及孔隙结构特征参数的变化规律,辅以SEM图像进行孔隙形态的定性分析,并从分形理论角度对此解释与验证。结果表明,湛江黏土各孔隙组对外力的敏感度与孔隙体积含量正相关。由于压汞过程存在瓶颈效应以及边-面-角的空间接触形式,其结果可能会夸大真实小孔隙的分布密度而低估大孔隙的分布密度。结构性对压缩过程中孔隙分布影响较大,当固结压力增大至结构屈服压力后,孔径为0.01～0.50 μm的孔隙组变化明显,孔隙的连通性变差,孔径分布向小孔径范围移动,孤立式孔隙增多,大、中孔隙的界限变得不明显。湛江黏土孔隙具有多重分形特征,据此确定微裂隙、粒间孔隙和孤立孔隙孔径的分界点为0.01 μm与0.50 μm,同时给出了湛江黏土的孔径界定标准。 相似文献
20.
沉积物与流体流动的性质是影响水合物形成和聚集的两个重要因素,为研究水合物在沉积地层中的赋存机制必须探明高压环境下含水合物沉积物在非饱和渗流条件下的相互影响关系。以逸度差为水合物反应驱动力,反应动力学常数为Arrhenius类型,建立了包括非饱和流体流动-沉积物特征-水合物形成动力学耦合的二维模型,从理论上研究了多孔介质内流体与沉积物参数如含水率、去饱和系数、水力分布和水合物饱和度等在孔隙内的相互影响规律。结果表明,在设定的条件下,随着反应的进行孔隙水压力随时间逐渐大,在相同条件下水合物饱和度与温度增加导致孔隙水压力变大,其中水合物饱和度的影响较小,而沉积物基质吸力、去饱和系数与本征动力学常数则与孔隙水压力成反向变化,其中本征动力学常数的影响较大。 相似文献