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1.
宜昌砾石层重矿物组合特征及物源示踪分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
广泛分布于宜昌至枝江—松滋一带的宜昌砾石层,对江汉平原乃至长江中游的地层划分、地貌演化、古环境变迁以及长江的形成与演化等研究具有重要意义。本研究在课题组前期研究的基础上,以本区内最具代表性的6个剖面为研究对象,对0.125~0.063mm粒级粉细砂质沉积物的重矿物特征进行了分析,结果显示宜昌代表性剖面砾石层细颗粒粉砂质沉积物的重矿物组合基本一致:锆石—绿帘石—白钛石—赤褐铁矿—钛铁矿—磁铁矿。源-汇分析表明,重矿物组成所指示的源区原岩类型除了三峡地区的还有长江三峡以西的金沙江、岷江、嘉陵江及乌江流域;经与长江及江汉平原西缘各河流的重矿物组合比较发现,宜昌砾石层的稳定重矿物组合特征与现代长江河漫滩和低矮阶地沉积物的重矿物组合一致。综合分析认为宜昌砾石层是于早更新世长江贯通三峡时形成的冲积扇,结合前人对宜昌砾石层形成时代的研究,推断三峡贯通的时间应该在1.0Ma BP左右。 相似文献
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湖北宜昌地区奥陶纪层序地层及扬子地区五峰组沉积环境的讨论 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用露头层序地层学原理与方法，将宜昌地区奥陶系划分为三个Ⅱ型层序，并阐述了各层序的体系域特征和形成的沉积动力学机制以及海平面变化对沉积、生物迁移及环境的控制作用。认为研究区奥陶纪存在三个海平面变化旋回，第一个旋回发生于两河口期早期至晚期；第二个旋回发生于两河口期末期至大湾期初期；第三个旋回发生于大湾期早期至五峰期末期，并识别出两个平衡型碳酸盐岩体系。研究结果表明，宜昌地区下奥陶统生物礁均形成了高峰 相似文献
3.
燕山地区燕山期的挤压与伸展作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
燕山地区中生代断裂演化、区域性不整合界面和盆地演化的地质事实显示,燕山期不仅存在强烈的挤压作用,而且存在强烈的伸展作用。如果把整个侏罗、白垩纪期间的构造运动理解为燕山运动的话,那么燕山运动既形成强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,又形成断陷盆地和变质核杂岩。整个燕山运动(旋回)包括3次挤压事件和3个伸展阶段,即早侏罗世末挤压事件(北票组沉积之后,海房沟组沉积之前)、晚侏罗世末挤压事件(土城子组沉积之后,义县组沉积之前)和白垩纪末挤压事件(第三系沉积之前);早侏罗世盆地伸展阶段、中晚侏罗世盆地伸展阶段和白垩纪盆地伸展阶段。燕山期内发生了3次由伸展到挤压的转换。 相似文献
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古滦河冲积扇研究的关注点更多在全新世,对其更新世的演化与变迁一直没有进行过系统研究。根据古滦河冲积扇上PZK10、PZK20钻孔的磁性地层学、年代地层学、沉积学、测井沉积学、岩芯色度分析等,对古滦河冲积平原的第四纪三维地质结构、冲积扇体的规模以及迁移规律进行综合研究,结果表明：PZK10孔揭露了上新世时沉积的巨厚洪积成因“泥包砾”地层,早更新世时发育两个冲积扇-湖相旋回,中更新世时发育辫状河沉积,晚更新世发育湖相、冲积扇相、辫状河相沉积。PZK20孔上新世沉积了一套巨厚“泥包砾”层,早更新世为扇前平原-辫状河相沉积,中更新世为辫状河-冲积扇相沉积,晚更新世为辫状河沉积。古滦河发育两期冲积扇,第一期为早更新世早期,在沙流河镇一带出山口形成的规模较大的冲积扇;第二期为早更新世中期,古滦河在现今丘庄水库一带发生分流,在丰润区一带出山口形成的冲积扇。中更新世,第一期冲积扇开始萎缩,第二期冲积扇继续发育,形成巨厚砾石层;晚更新世,古滦河在迁西县城以北发生袭夺,东流迁移出研究区,在西峡口进入迁安盆地,形成以西峡口为顶点的冲积扇。 相似文献
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燕山地区燕山期的挤压与伸展作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
燕山地区中生代断裂演化、区域性不整合界面和盆地演化的地质事实显示,燕山期不仅存在强烈的挤压作用,而且存在强烈的伸展作用.如果把整个侏罗、白垩纪期间的构造运动理解为燕山运动的话,那么燕山运动既形成强烈褶皱和逆冲推覆,又形成断陷盆地和变质核杂岩.整个燕山运动(旋回)包括3次挤压事件和3个伸展阶段,即早侏罗世末挤压事件(北票组沉积之后,海房沟组沉积之前)、晚侏罗世末挤压事件(土城子组沉积之后,义县组沉积之前)和白垩纪末挤压事件(第三系沉积之前);早侏罗世盆地伸展阶段、中晚侏罗世盆地伸展阶段和白垩纪盆地伸展阶段.燕山期内发生了3次由伸展到挤压的转换. 相似文献
6.
至2018年底,湖北省已探明资源储量矿产有91个矿种及1418个矿产地。本文采用最新同位素年代学数据,讨论了吕梁旋回、晋宁旋回、加里东旋回、印支旋回、燕山旋回和喜马拉雅旋回等6个构造旋回的构造-地层-岩浆时空演化过程,探讨了各构造旋回演化过程中发生的岩浆成矿作用、沉积成矿作用、变质成矿作用、表生成矿作用、流体成矿作用,划定了6个成矿系列组和32个矿床成矿(亚)系列,总结了成矿规律。湖北省有3个爆发性成矿时期:早震旦世在神农架—宜昌—钟祥地区生物化学沉积形成了磷矿矿集区,晚侏罗世到早白垩世在鄂东南地区发生了与岩浆成矿作用有关的大规模铁铜多金属成矿作用,白垩纪—古近纪在江汉盆地沉积形成了石膏-盐-石油等矿床。 相似文献
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受晚更新世以来海侵影响,渤海西南内陆第四系浅层经历了复杂的海陆交替演化。利用4口钻孔取芯井和88口静力触探井资料,采用现代测试技术和地层对比的方法对渤海西南内陆广饶地区第四系浅层进行沉积学综合研究。广饶地区地表以下30 m内,南部以风成黄土沉积为主,北部自上而下发育两期海相层,在研究区称为第一、第二海侵层,分别是10~4 ka B.P.的黄骅海侵层和40~28 ka B.P.的献县海侵层。黄土沉积于晚更新世玉木冰期,在研究区南部以17 m为界划分为大站组和羊栏河组(未见底)。晚更新世以来发生两期海侵事件(黄骅海侵、献县海侵),在海侵范围最大时到达广饶地区,先后对冰期沉积黄土层侵蚀改造,形成了“上超型海蚀黄土”的海侵演化模式。根据海侵与黄土沉积演化所对应的古气候变迁,将研究区晚更新世以来气候演变划分为6个期次:干冷期、温暖湿润期、干冷偏凉期、温暖期、潮湿湿润期和现代气候期,对应不同的沉积演化特征。 相似文献
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《西北地质》2019,(4)
对长江三角洲平原BZK03钻孔进行沉积物同位素测年、孢粉组合、微体古生物、粒度和磁学的测试分析,讨论了更新世以来钻孔揭示的沉积环境演化、沉积相和古气候特征,建立了钻孔的第四纪多重地层划分对比框架。研究结果表明,钻孔自下而上依次为白垩纪衢县组的风化粉砂岩及第四纪沉积的嘉兴组、前港组、东浦组、宁波组、镇海组。孢粉组合可划分出18个孢粉带,按暖期温暖潮湿冷期寒冷干燥古气候旋回变化的周期律,BZK03钻孔反映该区域共存在6个古气候旋回。根据岩性分层、沉积环境、古气候建立的钻孔多重地层划分对比揭示:144.6～198.5m为早更新世时期河流相和河湖相交替沉积环境的嘉兴组,存在2个气候旋回过程;88.3～144.6m为中更新世河湖相河流相河湖相河流相沉积环境的前港组,包含2个气候旋回过程;16.6～88.3m为晚更新世沉积,沉积环境为河湖相滨海相河湖相潮坪相河湖相的宁波组和河口相浅海相的东浦组,包括2个气候旋回;0～16.6m为河湖相浅湖相河湖相潮坪相沉积环境的镇海组,古气候时期对应北方期和大西洋期。 相似文献
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大同盆地地质特征及构造演化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对大同盆地内沉积地层的岩性、结构、厚度等地质特征及相应的沉积环境和沉积相进行研究,结合构造的演化及控制作用,认为大同盆地形成于中生代晚侏罗世末期—早白垩世早期,其构造演化可分划为白垩纪箕状断陷形成、新近纪典型箕状断陷发育和第四纪盆地定型3个阶段。该区充填历程复杂,包括3个构造层,分别为白垩纪初始沉降、新近纪快速断陷、第四纪盆地扩展坳陷;3期断裂发育期,分别为白垩纪早期、保德组沉积早期及泥河湾组沉积晚期;5个不整合面。大同盆地及其周边地区,在燕山运动以前存在EW向褶皱构造,燕山运动后NW—SE向的挤压作用叠加在近EW向构造之上。此后尽管遭受了十分强烈的剥蚀作用,但是在近EW向和NE向两组褶皱向斜核部的叠加部位,仍残留晚古生代及中生代地层。 相似文献
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共和盆地剖面第四纪孢粉组合特征及环境演化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
青藏高原东北缘共和盆地沉积了较厚的第四系,详细地记录了共和盆地第四纪环境变化。通过对共和盆地第四系沉积序列特征和孢粉组合特征的分析,结合热释光测年,本文较详细地研究了共和盆地第四纪以来的环境变迁,并将其分为两大阶段:早期为湖相沉积阶段(中更新世晚期~0.079Ma),气候相对温和。晚期为河流和风成沉积阶段(79.2ka~至今),气候相对干旱。早期阶段又可进一步划分为三个气候期和五个气候亚期。总体上,共和盆地自早更新世以来由偏湿气候逐渐转变为干旱气候,古植被由森林植被逐渐转化为森林草原型植被。其主要原因可能是早更新世以来青藏高原强烈隆升,改变了西南季风气候格局所致。 相似文献
12.
笔者在盆-山构造及构造地貌发育的基础上，对研究区构造和沉积记录进行了分析。进而探讨了新生代以来河西走廊与北祁连山的耦合关系。区内盆地和山脉是于38Ma前在准平原基础上发育起来的：38-17Ma，研究区处于挤压凹陷状态，随着Ⅰ级夷平面解体而盆地范围扩大，17Ma以来，盆地南缘不断抬升，沉积中心向北迁移，于4.96-3.66Ma,0.93-0.84Ha和中更新世末-晚更新世初形成向北推进的Ⅱ级，Ⅲ级，Ⅳ级夷平面，盆山构造的运动方式有前展式，掀斜式和对冲式3种，前展式是盆山演化的主要方式且发生时代相对较早，后两者明显活动于0.93-0.84Ma。其中掀斜式运动是盆地内横向隆起形成的主要原因。而对冲式运动的标志是盆地北缘龙首山，合黎山的隆起。 相似文献
13.
Silvio Takashi Hiruma May Christine Modenesi‐Gauttieri Claudio Riccomini 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2013,42(2):306-316
Despite the generalized occurrence of colluvial deposits in the humid tropical areas of southeastern Brazil, regional correlation is difficult because the deposits are discontinuous, and chronological data are very scarce and scattered. For the first time, colluvial deposits in the Bocaina Plateau are described, including 18 radiocarbon ages from 12 profiles. The plateau is located on the eastern flank of the Continental Rift of Southeastern Brazil and is the highest part of the Serra do Mar, with elevations up to 2000 m above sea level. Because the Bocaina Plateau is part of the summit surfaces of southeastern Brazil, it was subjected to specific climatic conditions during the Quaternary. Colluvial deposits on the lower hillslopes and edges of amphitheatres can show complex sequences with up to three intercalated dark humic horizons, corresponding to Late Pleistocene and Holocene phases of morphodynamic activity and pedogenesis. Ages of palaeosols vary from 650±50 a BP to 36 880±980 a BP. Landforms and colluvia on the Bocaina Plateau are very similar to those found on the opposite flank of the continental rift, on the Campos do Jordão Plateau. Ages of buried soils point to similar soil formation and colluviation episodes in the two plateaus. As in Campos do Jordão, the succession of erosive, depositional and pedogenetic processes on the altos campos hillslopes is probably related to late Quaternary climate changes. 相似文献
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陇中盆地及周边地区是青藏高原向北东方向扩展的最前缘部位,其地貌演化过程的研究对于深入理解高原的隆升与扩展过程具有重要意义。鉴于夷平面在探讨高原隆升年代、幅度和过程方面的可靠性,首先总结陇中盆地及周边地区夷平面相关研究的前期成果,并结合最新年代数据,确定了不同区域主夷平面的发育和解体年代;再利用古河道拟合等方法定量评估了相关夷平面的隆升量;最后探讨了主夷平面的性质及其隆升过程。研究发现,陇中盆地及周边的地区的高海拔低起伏地貌面是被抬高的先存夷平面;不同区域主夷平面的发育与解体时间整体同步,它们自晚渐新世开始发育,并于晚中新世8~6 Ma左右解体;模拟结果表明,美武高原主夷平面自晚中新世以来相对陇中盆地隆升了约1 400~1 600 m,并且早更新世以来的隆升速率明显大于晚中新世-早更新世时期。 相似文献
16.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2002,20(2):119-125
One of the most famous blue sapphire deposits in Thailand and SE Asia is from the Bo Phloi District, Kanchanaburi Province, Western Thailand. This paper presents the results of our gemstone investigation as well as establishing the Bo Phloi depositional sequence as one of the Quaternary Type Sections in the region. Relationships among the sedimentology, depositional sequences and geomorphology were investigated in order to understand the gemstone depositional features. Sedimentary structures and textures of the sequences show that the deposition of gemstones is related genetically to fluvial processes. Gemstones are recognized in floodplain and low terrace deposits where gemstone paystreaks concentrate mostly inside layers of gravel beds and foreset-bedded gravels lithofacies. C-14 dating of wood and peat within gemstone-bearing layers indicated that the deposit formed during the middle to late Pleistocene. The gemstone-bearing gravel bed defines a north–south trend along the incised palaeo-channel of an ancient braided river system in the middle part of the basin. 相似文献
17.
柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系蕴藏着巨大的生物气资源,目前已探明加控制天然气储量接近3×1011m3。更新世时期,柴达木盆地的湖相沉积主要分布在三湖(吉乃尔湖、涩聂湖和达布逊湖)地区,自山前至盆地中心依次发育了冲积扇、河流三角洲和湖相沉积,其中湖相沉积分布最为广泛。早更新世湖相沉积开始形成,中更新世湖相沉积扩张并且达到鼎盛,晚更新世湖相沉积开始萎缩并形成盐湖沉积。中、早更新世冰川的出现和青藏高原的崛起使柴达木盆地的古气候变得干旱寒冷,沉积水体温度较低,盐度较高。本区第四纪独特的沉积环境是形成大型生物气藏最重要的地质条件。高盐度的水体环境减缓了有机质的降解速度,长期的低温条件抑制了甲烷菌的活动,避免了沉积有机质在沉积浅埋阶段的过量消耗,推迟了生物产气的高峰期。而三湖地区巨厚的第四系暗色泥岩和频繁发育的砂岩提供了充足的气源条件和构成了良好的生储盖组合。 相似文献
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Quaternary coastal lithofacies,sequence development and stratigraphy in a passive margin setting,North Carolina and Virginia,USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
PETER R. PARHAM STANLEY R. RIGGS STEPHEN J. CULVER DAVID J. MALLINSON W. JACK RINK KEVIN BURDETTE 《Sedimentology》2013,60(2):503-547
Lithofacies analysis is fundamental to unravelling the succession of depositional environments associated with sea‐level fluctuations. These successions and their timing are often poorly understood. This report defines lithofacies encountered within the north‐eastern North Carolina and south‐eastern Virginia Quaternary section, interprets their depositional environments, presents a model for coastal depositional sequence development in a passive margin setting and uses this understanding to develop the stratigraphy and Quaternary evolutionary history of the region. Data were obtained from numerous drill cores and outcrops. Chronology was based on age estimates acquired using optically stimulated luminescence, amino acid racemization, Uranium series and radiocarbon dating techniques. Geomorphic patterns were identified and interpreted using light detection and ranging imagery. Since lithofacies occurrence, distribution and stratigraphic patterns are different on interfluves than in palaeo‐valleys, this study focused on interfluves to obtain a record of highstand sea‐level cycles with minimal alteration by fluvial processes during subsequent lowstands. Nine primary lithofacies and four diagenetic facies were identified in outcrops and cores. The uppermost depositional sequence on interfluves exhibits an upward succession from shelly marine lithofacies to tidal estuarine lithofacies and is bounded below by a marine ravinement surface and above by the modern land surface. Older depositional sequences in the subsurface are typically bounded above and below by marine ravinement surfaces. Portions of seven depositional sequences were recognized and interpreted to represent deposition from late middle Pleistocene to present. Erosional processes associated with each successive depositional sequence removed portions of older depositional sequences. The stratigraphic record of the most recent sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stage 5a and Marine Isotope Stage 3) is best preserved. Glacio‐isostatic adjustment has influenced depositional patterns so that deposits associated with late Quaternary sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stages 5c, 5a and 3), which did not reach as high as present sea‐level according to equatorial eustatic records, are uplifted and emergent within the study area. 相似文献
19.
Staircases of gravelly river terrace deposits in southern England occupy valleys typically underlain by frost-susceptible and brecciated bedrocks. The valleys developed during the Quaternary by alternating episodes of (1) brecciation, incision and planation through the bedrock, forming wide low-relief erosion surfaces; and (2) aggradation in braidplains of gravel a few meters thick that bury the erosion surfaces. A conceptual model to account for some of the terraces proposes that brecciation resulted from ice segregation in the ice-rich layer in the upper meters of Pleistocene permafrost, making them vulnerable to fluvial thermal erosion and therefore predisposing the bedrock to planation. The low gradients of the valleys were adjusted such that rivers transferred fine materials out of the basins but lacked the competence to remove gravel, which therefore accumulated within floodplains. The model challenges the prevailing view of incision during climate transitions. It attributes incision and planation to very cold and arid permafrost conditions, when rivers had limited discharges and hillslopes supplied limited volumes of stony debris into valley bottoms. 相似文献
20.
The Fichtelgebirge and Steinwald areas are situated at the western end of the Cenozoic Eger graben. Repeated Neogene fault activity and polyphase morphogenesis created a complex morphotectonic structure. Based on morphotectonic criteria three stages of tectonic activity can be determined: (a) late Oligocene to early Miocene; (b) middle-late Miocene; and (c) late Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Due to the Neogene tectonic movements, the pre-basaltic (preOligocene to Miocene) landscape has been differentially uplifted/downthrown and intensely modified by post-basaltic surface planation (HF). Broad paleovalleys (AT) of late Miocene to early Pliocene age and a system of Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial terraces and pediments (BT and ET) have been incised into the widespread HF relief elements. Due to repeated faulting and erosion, the stratigraphic record of Neogene sediments within the studied area is fragmentary. 相似文献