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KUANG Shaoping SONG Feng 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(1):41-45
Lead （Pb）, as an environmental hormone, acts as an estrogen in animal and human bodies, and its environmental pollution can result in many procreant anomalies, such as maladjustment of incretion, weakening of procreation function and descending of genital immunity. Experiments on pot-growth of paddies and corns in this study indicated that these crops did not show any macro-toxic symptoms in the observed contents of Pb added （0-4000 mg/kg） in soils. However, lead in soils can be easily absorbed by crops and accumulated in the different parts of plants. Statistical analysis showed that Pb contents in the crops are strongly positively correlated to the Pb contents in soils. In the crops, the Pb contents of roots are highest, tens to thousands of times those of straws and seeds. It is suggested that the root is a barrier of Pb absorbed by straws and seeds. Based on this fact, Pb pollution in soils can be gradually reduced by planting crops and subsequently removing the roots from the soil. This biotechnology may be used in environmental remediation, which embraces the quality of sustainable agricultural economy and a healthy environment. 相似文献
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J. Bennett 《GeoJournal》1995,35(3):333-335
Rice breeders are looking to basic bioscience and biotechnology for help in the solution of important problems that conventional breeding methods have not satisfactorily solved. Among these problems are durable resistance to recalcitrant pests and diseases such as yellow stem borer, gall midge, sheath blight, bacterial leaf blight, blast and tungro virus, and tolerance of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and submergence. Nutrient use efficiency, yield potential and efficient hybrid rice production are additional problems for which biotechnology solutions are envisioned. IRRI's biotechnology program emphasizes techniques such as molecular markers, anther culture and DNA fingerprinting that accelerate conventional breeding, and also techniques such as wide hybridization and genetic engineering that broaden the gene pool that breeders can exploit. IRRI's experience in adopting and adapting biotechnology for use in its own breeding program is shared with the national agricultural research systems of Asia through the Asian Rice Biotechnology Network. 相似文献
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煤炭资源在我国能源结构中仍处于主体地位,但煤炭工业发展面临着“碳达峰碳中和”的新挑战。积极发展煤炭开发地下空间储能技术,是推动能源利用低碳化和清洁化的有效手段,也是保证我国能源战略安全的关键措施。结合当前储能技术,探讨了煤炭开发地下空间的利用现状,围绕利用煤炭开发地下空间抽水蓄能、热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能等储能新技术,重点阐述废弃矿井不同能源类型的储能理念及方式,系统分析储能过程中面临的地质保障关键技术难题。煤炭开发地下空间储能新技术总体思路为：利用煤炭开发地下空间所具有的低位势能差,将其用作梯级储水库(抽水蓄能);或直接将其用作储质、储能空间(热储能、压缩空气储能、电化学储能、生物质储能),既可提升煤炭开发地下空间资源的开发利用率,又可避免土地资源浪费,尽量降低对生态环境的扰动。虽然煤炭开发地下空间可作为大规模储能库,但其开发利用过程仍存在一些亟待解决的地质问题以及地质保障技术。主要包括：(1)地质条件与选址适宜性分析和安全性评价,即对储能空间的地质因素进行岩土工程性质和环境地质条件的系统研究,查明储能空间稳定性主控因素及其权重,构建选址指标体系与评价方法,重点查... 相似文献
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固体矿产勘查为国民经济建设和社会发展提供了强有力的资源保障。传统固体矿产勘查因经常采用探槽、浅井、坑道、钻孔等探矿工程,对生态环境造成较大的负面影响。为深入探讨固体矿产绿色勘查在节能减排、环境保护、和谐勘查等方面的作用,以贵州省道真县新民铝土矿绿色勘查示范为例,详细介绍示范区的生态环境与资源情况,并将传统固体矿产勘查与绿色勘查对环境的影响程度进行分析对比。结果表明:通过科学的工程布置,调整对生态环境影响较大的勘查设备,运用先进的勘查技术手段,降低了能源消耗,减少了污染物排放,同时在很大程度上减少了地质勘查活动对生态环境的破坏;通过合理的钻机场地分区布置、建设,环保型冲洗液的应用,科学规范的钻孔封闭,可减少对环境的扰动,保护地下水环境。通过环境恢复治理,可短期内恢复破坏的生态环境,使地质勘查与生态环境保护相协调发展;绿色勘查实施可增加当地收入,助推脱贫攻坚战略,构建和谐地勘环境。综上所述,固体矿产绿色勘查能实现节能减排的良好效果,可在很大程度上减少对生态环境的扰动,能最大限度地恢复生态环境,构建和谐共赢的地勘环境,实现地质找矿和环境保护的双赢。 相似文献
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This study analyzes pro-wind, “anti-environmental” discourses prevalent among key stakeholders in Nolan County, Texas, the epicenter of US wind power. We draw upon interviews conducted within a Q-method study to examine environmental views held by key actors in wind-farm development. We frame our analysis within the theoretical field that engages the formation of environmental subjects, defined as the process through which individuals and communities align their environmental practices with state ends. We argue that this is a process that can be incomplete or in tension with other subject positions, which together may lead to unexpected environmental views. We introduce “environmental skepticism,” defined as a rejection of ecological science steeped in deep anthropocentrism and possessive individualism, as a dominant counter-narrative informing certain environmental subjectivities. The remainder of the paper describes Texas wind stakeholders’ views or subject positions on energy and the environment and reveals how environmental skepticism is not overturned even as renewable energy supports the local economy. We analyze wind stakeholders’ environmental subjectivity in terms of emergent subject positions as “reflexive environmental skepticism,” a view that accepts the economic products, processes, and policy innovations advocated by ecological modernization without accepting the core claim that innovations are required to adapt to environmental change. 相似文献
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Coral reefs are often constrained by diagenesis as a sound environmental archive. The correct understanding and evaluation of diagenesis is the key to the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of coral reefs. The diagenesis of coral reefs mainly includes cementation, dissolution, neomorphism and dolomitization etc. On the one hand, the diagenesis itself can record the paleoenvironment that coral reefs underwent, such as sea-level fluctuation, climate change, change of sea water, hydrothermal alteration, microbial activity and so on. The diagenetic evolution thus can be used for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment change. On the other hand, diagenesis also destroys the original environmental information which recorded of coral reefs recard, and it is necessary to know the degree of the impact of diagenesis. In the future, we should pay more attention to the study on the relationships among diagenesis, modern climate, sea-level change, atmospheric water transformation and microbial activity. It can provide more accurate and longer time series of paleoenvironmental information that coral reefs recorded. 相似文献
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能源地下结构是将热交换管埋设在建筑基础构件和地下结构物中,兼具承载及换热功能的结构形式,在有效节省宝贵且不可逆的地下空间资源的同时,还能充分利用非碳基的连续稳定、安全清洁的地热能资源,这比传统的地源热泵更具优势。系统总结了能源地下结构的概念、优势、国内外研究及应用进展,重点阐述了能源隧道、能源桩(能源锚杆)、能源地下连续墙和能源综合管廊4种目前常见能源地下结构的现状。将地源热泵系统与煤矿巷道等矿区建设相结合,既能够对地热能资源进行综合利用,还可有效解决传统深部采矿掘进作业时的高温热害及寒区煤矿巷道的保温防冻难题,具有环保、低碳、节能、高效的显著优势,是实现绿色矿井建设及碳达峰碳中和目标的有效途径,可产生显著的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。然而,现有能源地下结构的研究模型均有其适用性和局限性、研究结果与实际工况存在较大偏差、能源地下连续墙和能源综合管廊研究较少等是当前存在的主要问题,对于能源地下结构的研究工作应结合工程实际情况,并尽可能考虑所有因素对结构工程的影响,以期提升研究成果的精度和水平;此外,对煤矿巷道等矿区建设中运用能源地下结构的可行性和前景进行了探讨,在能源地下结构的基础上,进一步综合太阳能、风能等非碳基清洁能源构建复合能源利用系统也是值得尝试的思路;同时,还对能源地下结构在抗(减)震、抗爆和防火等方面的防灾减灾设计给出建议,可为能源地下结构及其在绿色矿井建设方面的研究、应用与发展提供参考。 相似文献
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铁细菌胞外多聚物对铁矿物的调控形成及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
环境介质溶液中铁的水解作用和稳定化作用主要受铁细菌及其代谢有机物质的影响。铁细菌普遍存在于自然环境中,可利用低价铁源为自身生长所需能量。铁细菌胞外有机物的主要组分如多糖和蛋白质等可与铁结合,并通过氧化或沉淀作用使铁稳定、沉积而形成铁矿物;此外铁细菌胞外多聚物可催化铁的氧化或促进铁的聚集。这些生物成因铁矿物因具有良好的表面吸附与氧化还原等化学活性,及有效固定环境中的重金属、放射性核素和催化降解有机污染物的良好环境属性,在环境生物矿物材料和环境治理研究领域被日益重视。故本文基于铁细菌及其胞外多聚物对铁矿物矿化形成的重要调控作用,介绍了环境中存在的铁细菌及其生物矿化特征,重点阐述了铁细菌胞外多聚物(组分、结构及特性)及其在铁矿物矿化过程中的作用,同时对铁细菌胞外多聚物及生物成因铁矿物的环境意义进行了概述。 相似文献
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城市垃圾填埋场甲烷资源量与利用前景 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
垃圾填埋气的主要成分为CH4、CO2等气体,可严重污染大气、地下水和生态环境,并对全球气候变暖产生一定的影响;同时填埋气也是一种清洁可再生能源和资源,回收和利用垃圾填埋气可实现环境、安全、能源、资源、经济多重效益。目前,垃圾填埋气的利用主要为甲烷利用。本文介绍了填埋气中甲烷资源量的计算方法,采用一阶动力模型对国内城市垃圾填埋气中的甲烷排放量进行了计算和预测,获得了城市生活垃圾填埋气中甲烷的资源量的范围,并分析了国内垃圾填埋气排放的特点和趋势以及国内外对填埋气利用的途径、方法及效果。结合清洁发展机制（CDM）项目和国情分析了垃圾填埋气的利用前景,并提出了填埋气回收利用的主要问题和建议,为国内城市生活垃圾填埋气的利用提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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D. P. Blair 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1993,17(2):95-118
It is becoming increasingly important, from an environmental viewpoint, to minimize vibrations induced in urban dwellings by blasting. The present study illustrates how the delay interval between blastholes can be chosen to control and minimize the vibration energy within the structural response band of most houses. In particular, it is shown that the only possibility of reducing such energy is to employ a delay interval in the range 10–35 ms. However, the induced vibrations are also dependent upon the accuracy of the delay initiators as well as the level of random fluctuations between each blasthole signature. It is shown that only very accurate electronic delays give the possibility of utilizing fully the delay sequence in order to control structural vibrations. If the vibration emission from each blasthole is totally uncorrelated with that of any other blasthole then the resulting amplitude spectrum of the blast will be totally unpredictable. This situation occurs irrespective of the delay initiation sequence or its accuracy. Under these conditions it is impossible to predict the blast-induced energy lying within the structural response band. 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2024,15(1):101693
Stimulating renewable energy consumption is a major focus of the Sustainable Development Goals in combating climate change and global warming. The International Energy Agency estimates that renewable energy consumption should be doubled to achieve the COP21 targets. In this context, the question is whether renewable energy types promote the improvement of ecological quality and economic growth. Most studies have investigated the influence of renewable energy on ecological pollution using carbon dioxide emissions or ecological footprint indicators, which only represent the pollution caused by human consumption patterns, and these indicators neglect the supply side. Motivated by this point, this study uses the LCF (Load Capacity Factor) as an environmental indicator and examines the causality relationship among different types of renewable energy, income, and environmental quality in the USA, while also incorporating employment and capital stock into the analysis. Through using the Fourier causality test with the wavelet-decomposed series, the study explores for the validity of the renewable energy-based growth hypothesis and answers to the question of whether there is a causal effect of renewable energy types on environmental quality. The results demonstrate that there is a bidirectional causality between total renewable energy, wood, biomass, and economic growth as well as between these renewable energy types and the LCF. 相似文献
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China has become the world’s largest carbon emitter since 2007; thus, reducing future emission has become an arduous task. Calculating energy efficiency fairly is paramount for formulating energy policies, given the different development levels of provinces. This study employed a three-stage data envelopment analysis model that considered environmental constraints to evaluate the energy efficiency of China’s 30 provinces in 2015 and redefined traditional energy efficiency as energy environment efficiency which calculated under environmental constraints. Different factors, such as urban development level and industrial structure in relation to energy environment efficiency, were analyzed. Three main results were obtained. First, the average energy environment efficiency in 2015 was only 0.73, which showed that China has roughly 30% capacity for improvement in the future. Second, stochastic frontier analysis demonstrated that the industrial structure, energy consumption structure, and central heating systems exerted negative impacts, and the level of city design and the degree of openness exerted positive effects on energy environment efficiency. Third, capital, manpower, and the extent of industrial concentration in central and western regions should be increased to improve China’s energy environment efficiency.
相似文献16.
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环境硒污染的植物修复研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
硒污染已成为全球性的环境问题,严重威胁人类健康和环境安全。本文概述了环境硒污染植物修复技术的研究进展,包括硒富集植物的应用、富集硒的机理及生物技术对它们的改造。指出了当前研究在硒富集植物富集机理及田间应用时的不足;并展望了今后如何进一步寻找和使用生物技术培育硒超富集植物、探求富集机理和田间试验。 相似文献
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E. Celik M. Erdogan A. T. Gumus 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(5):1377-1392
In this paper, first, the criteria that make logistics service providers more “green” are determined as: cooperation with customer’s company and its customer, green government regulations, environmental management system, green process design, reduction in energy consumption and green network design. The criteria weights are determined by fuzzy AHP, based on expert opinions. Then, a new method is proposed, which is the combination of fuzzy TOPSIS and GRA, and used to evaluate green 3PLs based on different separation measures, as an extension, using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Five Turkish 3PLs serve in Istanbul are selected in order to apply a case study to show the applicability of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method is verified with respect to different resolving coefficient values and separation measures and also compared with fuzzy TOPSIS and fuzzy VIKOR method results. Different multi-criteria decision-making methods can be applied and compared to check validity of our results for future studies. The proposed method can also be implemented to 3PLs in other countries. 相似文献
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关于全球变化研究的几个问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
第四纪地质工作者面临全球变化研究的形势,应主动调整自身的研究战略,注重最近0.15Ma环境信息的提取,加强地质过程的研究,重视人类活动对环境的影响,强调模型的模拟和检验。 相似文献
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陕北能源化工基地煤炭生产可持续发展的地质与环境地质问题研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陕北能源化工基地多种矿产富集,煤炭、石油、天然气、岩盐等矿产资源储量丰富,经过近20年的建设开发,已初步建成为中国重要的能源接续地和大型煤化工基地。但该区水资源短缺、生态环境脆弱的现状,相对资源开发增长速度较快的煤炭生产和转化来说,其环境压力巨大,暴露出的矿产地质与环境地质问题突出．已影响到基地建设的可持续发展。为此提出了如下应对措施：加强地质勘查工作,提高煤炭资源保障程度：加强多种矿产并存区的综合地质勘探、评价和规划,推进矿产资源的综合开发与利用;加强生产矿井的监督和管理,不断提高资源采收率;开展矿区水资源的勘察评价,加强水资源的规划和协调管理;深化《保水采煤技术研究》,推广实施矿井水及工业、生活污水的综合利用;建立健全防灾减灾体系建设,做好矿区地质灾害监测、评价及治理工作;加强矿区环境整治和生态保护工作;建立陕北能源化工基地煤炭资源、环境可持续发展的长效机制。 相似文献