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1.
《Applied Geochemistry》1986,1(4):493-502
Five Carlin-type sediment-hosted precious metals deposits from the western United States have been analyzed for Tl, Rb, K, Sr, Au, and Ag, and the relationship between Tl, Rb, and K in mineralized and unmineralized rocks has been studied. The Carlin-type gold deposits studied include Carlin, Alligator Ridge, and Jerritt Canyon deposits of Nevada, Mercur deposit of Utah, and North Moccassin deposits of Montana.The mineralized rocks of all five deposits contain significantly high contents of Tl and low K/Tl and high Tl/Sr ratios. The oxidized mineralized rocks of the Carlin and Mercur deposits have higher contents of Tl than carbonaceous rocks while siliceous rocks from most of the deposits contain the lowest Tl concentrations.The K/Tl ratio and the relationship between Tl, Rb, and K can be used to separate mineralized and unmineralized rocks into two distinct populations in order to outline, successfully, potential mineralized areas. The data presented in this paper suggest that Tl is probably a more useful indicator element than Au and other associated elements, at least under certain situations. 相似文献
2.
H. S. Rajaraman G. Nagendra Babu S. J. Chavan K. K. Achar P. V. Ramesh Babu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(1):53-58
A medium tonnage unconformity proximal uranium deposit has been established at Chitrial by the Atomic Minerals Directorate in the Srisailam sub-basin. In this type of deposits, the association of uranium with potassic alteration (illitization) is well-documented. The present study is directed towards understanding such an association in the Chitrial area for which the uranium mineralized borehole core samples were collected and analyzed. It is observed that the average concentrations of K2O, Na2O, Rb, Ba and Sr in the granite of the Chitrial area are 5.35%, 1.78%, 252 ppm, 564 ppm and 52 ppm, respectively, and they show average critical elemental ratios of K/Rb, Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr as 191, 2.37 and 7.13, respectively. The granites show low K/Rb, low Rb/Ba and high Rb/Sr ratios compared to that of the average crust indicating its derivation from crustal source. The samples have higher values of uranium (av. 53 ppm), thorium (av. 66 ppm) and lead (av. 41 ppm). The U/Th ratio in the granite varies from 0.07 to 20.86 with an average of 1.68. They also exhibit high K2O/Na2O ratio typical of post-Archaean granite and very high values suggest the possibility of later potassium enrichment. 相似文献
3.
S. J. Ekwere 《Mineralium Deposita》1985,20(2):89-93
The Banke and Ririwai complexes have plutonic phases of igneous activity composed mainly of granitic rocks. These granitic ring complexes are associated with Sn-Nb mineralization and are characterized by high Li, F and Rb contents and Rb/Sr ratios, and low Ba and Sr contents and Ba/Rb ratios. — The altered and mineralized granites have variable Rb/Sr and Ba/Rb ratios differing significantly from those of fresh rocks. These ratios as well as the Li, F and Rb concentrations are good indicators of granitic rocks associated with postmagmatic alteration and mineralization providing valuable tools for Sn-Nb exploration within the Nigerian Younger Granite province. 相似文献
4.
Petrochemical studies on acid plutonic (granite, microgranite) and volcanic (rhyolite, trachyte) rocks occurring in the Siner area of the Siwana Ring Complex, Malani Igneous Suite have been carried out. These rocks are characterized by high concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Zr, Nb, Y and REE (except Eu) but low in MgO, Fe2O3(t), CaO, Cr, Ni, Sr; indicating their A-type affinity. Field studies in conjunction with the geochemical characteristic indicate that the magmatism in the Siner area is generally represented by peralkaline suite of rocks which are formed due to rift tectonics. It is also suggested that these acidic rocks could have been derived by low degree partial melting of crustal material. Characteristics of certain pathfinder elements such as Rb, Ba, Sr, K, Zr, Nb, REE and the ratios of K/Rb, Zr/Rb, Ba/Rb along with the multi elemental primitive mantle normalized spidergrams suggest that the Siner peralkaline granites and microgranites have the potential for rare metal and rare earth mineralizations. 相似文献
5.
Copper mineralization in the Dir area of northern Pakistan is confined to the quartz veins and associated with hydrothermally altered metavolcanics. Chalcopyrite is the main copper-bearing phase with subordinate amounts of bornite, chalcocite, covellite, malachite and azurite. Both mineralized quartz veins and associated unmineralized (least altered) and mineralized (strongly altered) metavolcanics have been analyzed for Cu, Au, Ag, Tl, K, Rb, Ba and Sr. An increase of Cu, Au, Ag, Rb/Sr and Tl/Sr, and a decrease of Sr and K/Rb is observed in both mineralized metavolcanics and mineralized quartz veins. Thallium shows lithophile behaviour in the Dir metavolcanics and no chalcophile behaviour was observed. The Tl/Sr ratio might be an indirect guide for the exploration of volcanic-hosted hydrothermal copper deposits. 相似文献
6.
Alistair R. Allen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,71(1):85-98
Geochemical investigations in the Utralanama Block, an intermediate pressure granulite facies terrain in the Arunta Block, central Australia, has revealed several anomalous features, not consistent with the depletion of granitophile components generally considered to accompany granulite facies metamorphism. However, other geochemical features are indicative of depletion. The mean K2O for the Utralanama Block is exceptionally low relative to most other granulite facies terrains, but Rb contents are comparatively high. Consequently, the mean K/Rb ratio is relatively low for granulite facies terrains as is the mean Ba/Rb ratio, whilst mean K/Sr and Rb/Sr ratios are much higher than usual for such terrains. Only the K/Ba ratio shows equivalent values to depleted terrains elsewhere.Comparison of these ratios for the three main compositional groups of rocks in the Utralanama Block reveals that for mafic rocks all the above ratios are characteristic of extreme depletion, whereas, for all but the K/Ba ratio, mean ratios for the pelitic rocks, and to a lesser extent for the quartzofeldspathic rocks approach normal crustal values or values for metasomatic rocks. The abnormally high Rb/Sr ratios of these rocks compared to average crustal rocks suggest, however, that metasomatism is the cause of the anomalous geochemical features of the Utralanama Block, and this is supported by field and microstructural evidence. Thus, Rb/Sr ratios appear to be useful indicators of metasomatism where no gross mineralogical or microstructural evidence for metasomatism is obvious, and under such conditions the K/Ba ratio may be more reliable than the K/Rb ratio for indicating prior depletion of the terrain. 相似文献
7.
河南栾川南部地区与Mo—W矿床有关的燕山期花岗岩特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
河南栾川南部分布着一系列与钼钨矿化有关的燕山期花岗岩小岩体。根据这些岩体的含矿性、地质及地球化学特征可将其分为三类。第一类岩体往往与大型一超大型Ｍｏ－Ｗ矿床有关，岩体顶部有纹层状石英层，石英辉钼矿脉发育。岩石中ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ含量高，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ比值高，Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＦｅＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｓｒ含量低。第二类岩体往往与中小型Ｍｏ－Ｗ矿床有关，岩体中含辉钼矿石英脉发育较差，岩石中ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ含量中等，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ比值中等。第三类岩体不含Ｍｏ－Ｗ矿，岩体中各种脉体不发育，岩石中ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ含量低，Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ比值相对较低，Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｓｒ含量相对较高。研究还表明小岩体的分异演化程度与小岩体的合矿性有密切的内在联系。 相似文献
8.
东南沿海分布大面积的白垩纪晚期侵入岩。这些岩石可分为两期:其中115~100Ma以钙碱性系列岩石为主,岩石组合为辉长岩-闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-碱性长石花岗岩;而100~86Ma的岩石为碱性系列,岩石组合为石英二长斑岩-正长斑岩-碱性长石花岗岩。115~100Ma的辉长岩以角闪辉长岩为主,具有极高的CaO、MgO和Al_(2)O_(3)含量,具有极低的SiO_(2)(42.9%~53.8%)、全碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O:0.86%~5.28%)、Ba、Nb、Th、Rb和Zr含量,也具有极低的FeO^(T)/MgO、La/Yb和Zr/Hf比值,较高的Eu/Eu^(*)、Sr/Y比值和Sr含量,为基性-超基性堆晶岩。与辉长岩同期的闪长岩和细粒暗色包体具有较高的SiO_(2)(50.34%~63.68%),较低的CaO、P_(2)O_(5)、MgO、Al_(2)O_(3)含量,相对低的Eu/Eu^(*)和Sr/Y比值,变化较大的La/Yb和Zr/Hf比值,代表了从基性岩浆储库中抽取的富硅熔体。115~100Ma的花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩类岩石为准铝质岩石,SiO_(2)含量变化较大(61.7%~75.3%),具有较低的FeO^(T)/MgO、Ga/Al比值和Nb、Zr及Nb+Zr+Ce+Y元素含量,显示出典型I型花岗岩的特征。这些花岗岩具有相对高的La/Yb、Eu/Eu^(*)和Zr/Hf比值和高的Sr、Ba和Zr含量。结合岩相学特征,这些花岗岩为堆晶花岗岩。而115~100Ma的碱性长石花岗岩具有极高的SiO_(2)含量(大于75%),低的Eu/Eu^(*)、La/Yb、Zr/Hf和Sr/Y比值,具有低的Ba、Sr和Zr含量和高的Rb、Nb、Y和Th含量和Rb/Sr比值,表明这些花岗岩是由富硅岩浆储库中抽离的高硅熔体侵入地壳形成。100~86Ma期间形成的二长斑岩和正长斑岩具有极高的全碱含量,可以达到8%~12%,其SiO_(2)主要集中在60%~70%,具有极高的Zr、Sr和Ba含量和Eu/Eu^(*)、La/Yb和Sr/Y比值,显示出堆晶花岗岩的特征。而100~86Ma期间形成的大部分碱性长石花岗岩具有极高的SiO_(2)含量(大于75%),并显示出A型花岗岩的特征,具有高的Rb/Sr比值和高的Rb、Y和Th和低的Ba、Sr含量和低的Zr/Hf、La/Yb、Eu/Eu^(*)和Sr/Y比值,表明它们是由富硅岩浆储库抽离的高硅熔体侵入浅部地壳形成。东南沿海高硅花岗岩的形成和穿地壳岩浆系统密切相关,高硅花岗岩是由浅部地壳内晶体-熔体分异产生的熔体侵入地壳所形成,而高硅花岗岩的地球化学特征与岩浆储库的水及挥发份含量密切相关。115~100Ma期间,从富水的岩浆储库抽离的熔体形成具有低高场强元素含量和低Rb/Sr比值的高硅花岗岩,这一过程与古太平洋板块俯冲有关;100~86Ma期间,从富挥发份的岩浆储库抽离的熔体形成碱性特征、富含高场强元素和具有高的Rb/Sr比值的高硅花岗岩,这一过程和古太平洋板块回撤软流圈上涌有关。 相似文献
9.
We report petrological, cathodoluminescence (CL), major and trace element analyses and fluid inclusion studies on scheelite (W)-mineralized granodiorite porphyries from Dongyuan and Zhuxiling, southern Anhui Province (China). In Dongyuan, the larger part of the granodiorite porphyry body is mineralized with W concentrations up to 1140 g/t (total WO3 reserves >140 000 tonnes), whereas in Zhuxiling mineralization is spatially more limited. All mineralized rocks are strongly altered, containing abundant calcite and no fresh plagioclase. W-mineralized rocks show higher K, Pb and lower Na, Sr, Ti contents compared to the non-mineralized ones. Co-variations between mobile elements (K, Na, Pb, Sr, Rb, etc.) and W, combined with petrological observations, demonstrate that fluid alteration must have controlled the mineralization. In quartz from both deposits 4 types of fluid inclusions have been recognized, i.e., aqueous-carbonic (WC-type), aqueous (W-type, subdivided into Wm-type containing minor detected CO2 and Wn containing no CO2), carbonic (pure CO2, C-type) and late secondary aqueous inclusions (LW-type). WC- and LW-type inclusions represent the original magmatic fluids and meteoric waters, respectively. The other inclusions represent evolved magmatic fluids which are closely related to alteration and mineralization. WC-, Wm- and Wn-type inclusions show higher salinity and lower homogenization temperatures, indicating fluid immiscibility with CO2 effervescence. Additionally, during plagioclase alteration and precipitation of K-feldspar and sericite the K/Na ratio is lowered and Ca released. The precipitation of scheelite must have been promoted by increasing Ca contents in the fluid and also by increasing pH due to CO2 loss. The present study demonstrates that for granitic rocks without calcareous wall rock, plagioclase breakdown must have been the key factor for scheelite mineralization. The presence of CO2-rich fluid indicates that both deposits formed in the same intracontinental extension setting as those in the Nanling region. Thus, the Yanshanian granites from southern Anhui Province may have a great potential for W mineralization, especially the blind ones in deep levels. 相似文献
10.
The Newer Volcanics Province of Victoria and South Australia consists of a major region of mainly alkaline basalts within which are two restricted areas containing strongly differentiated flow‐rocks. Typical alkalic basalts from this widespread province have K‐Ar ages from 4.5 to 0.5 m.y. and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7038 to 0.7045. Contrastingly, in the Macedon area of differentiated lavas, flow compositions range from limburgite to soda trachyte, with K‐Ar ages from 6.8 to 4.6 m.y. and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios from 0.7052 to 0.7127. These differentiated rocks therefore are older, and some of them may have been contaminated by reaction with more radiogenic basement rocks during differentiation. Alternatively, the variation in initial Sr‐isotope composition may have resulted from varying isotopic composition of partial melts from the immediate source rocks. The most felsic of the differentiated rocks, soda trachyte, is extremely enriched with Rb relative to Sr; one of the three restricted outcrops of this rock (Camel's Hump) yields a total‐rock Rb‐Sr isochron age of 6.3 ± 0.6 m.y. with an initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7127. K‐Ar sanidine ages reported for the three outcrops of trachyte are identical to each other and to the Rb‐Sr isochron result. 相似文献
11.
德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿热液蚀变作用及元素地球化学迁移规律 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5
德兴铜矿是中国华南地区重要的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂和富家坞3个矿床组成。在系统的钻孔样岩相观察基础上,本文把德兴朱砂红花岗闪长斑岩划分为3种类型蚀变岩(钾化-黑云母化蚀变岩、绿泥石化蚀变岩、石英-绢(白)云母化蚀变岩),其主要标志性蚀变矿物依次为:钾长石(黑云母)→绿泥石→石英+绢(白)云母,且热液蚀变程度依次增强。以Al2O3作为不活动组分,通过Isocon分析法表明:随着热液蚀变作用的持续进行,蚀变程度的逐渐增强,主量元素(P2O5)行为较稳定,Na2O、Sr元素大量活化迁出;高场强元素Hf、Th、U、V、Co、Nb、Ta等表现为弱活动性或不活动性;成矿元素Cu、Pb、W显示出大量带入,表明热液流体和成矿流体可能属于同一流体系统。稀土元素均发生一定程度的活化迁移,其中绿泥石化蚀变岩的LREE、HREE均较原岩亏损,而石英-绢(白)云母化花岗闪长斑岩的LREE、HREE富集/亏损情况因样品而异,相对增量/减量变化幅度较大。各类蚀变花岗闪长斑岩球粒陨石化配分模式表现较一致,均为轻稀土相对于重稀土富集的右倾分布,极弱Eu负异常,曲线左陡右平缓,尾部轻微上翘,形似铲状,反映岩浆源区角闪石的分离结晶作用。蚀变花岗闪长斑岩的Y/Ho比值与球粒陨石的Y/Ho比值基本一致,表明Y-Ho在热液蚀变过程中未发生明显分离。弱蚀变花岗闪长斑岩具有较高Sr/Y比值、La/Sm比值以及中等Sm/Yb比值,暗示源区残留相主要为角闪石±石榴子石。 相似文献
12.
On the origin of early Archaean gneisses: A reply 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The use of metamorphosed basic dykes as one of the most important single field criteria for subdividing gneisses in high grade areas into different chronological units is defended. The universal applicability of the lower greenstone-granite-upper greenstone model to all Archaean terrains is questioned using documented sequences of events in the North Atlantic craton. We prefer a chronology based on field criteria to one based on the application of theoretical crustal development models taken from one tectonic environment and used to explain the sequence of events in another.It is shown that the average K2O and Rb content from the 3600 m.y. sialic rocks of the North Atlantic craton ranges between 2.26 (Amîtsoq grey gneisses, Greenland) to 2.66 (Uivak grey gneisses, Labrador). Average K/Rb ratios are respectively 200 and 177, Rb/Sr, 0.33 and 0.29 for the two areas. K and Rb values are thus markedly higher than those reported from most other Archaean gneiss suites. Secondary redistribution of K and Rb at about 3600 m.y. is demonstrated by the documentation of the massive addition of these elements to basic rocks included in the gneisses. Whole sale addition of alkalies during migmatisation to the level of crust now exposed is postulated as one explanation of the unusually high K and Rb contents. It is argued on statistical grounds that if Rb metasomatism occurred it is not possible to use low initial Sr ratios alone to preclude the possibility that part of the Archaean gneiss complexes consist of tonalitic gneiss which are much older than conventional Sr0 interpretations allow. 相似文献
13.
The water level of the Caspian Sea fluctuated significantly during recent history, without consensus for the cause. The varied chemistry of the Caspian, Kara Bogaz and sediment a interstitial waters provides a further insight. Element concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the interstitial waters were compared to those of Caspian and Kara Bogaz open waters, and of acid-leached extractable components. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the interstitial waters are explained by addition of subterranean waters similar to nearby spring waters. These subterranean waters yield chemical characteristics such as a Cl/SO4, 87Sr/86Sr, Ca/Sr and K/Rb ratios of respectively 80, 0.7086, 250 and 1,800. However, their addition does not explain the large difference in the K/Rb ratio of the Caspian and Kara Bogaz waters, respectively at 7,630 and 17,550, which implies also a leaching of salt deposits by the upward migrating subterranean waters. The sediments of the southern Caspian basin, with low Na, Cl and SO4 in their interstitial waters, deposited apparently in an anoxic environment. The related chemical changes in the waters are also indicative of a recent change in the hydrologic regime, possibly induced by a changing morphology of the drainage basin. 相似文献
14.
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of hot HNO3 insoluble residues of rock powders is used as a new exploration technique for the volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS) deposit in the Rosebery mine area. The EPR signal intensities measured in 326.5±5 mT sweeps are strong in the altered rocks, and show a negative correlation with Ca, Na and Sr, and a positive correlation with K/Na, Rb/Sr and (K × Rb)/(Ca × Na × Sr). The EPR intensities measured in 326.5±100 mT sweeps show high values in the footwall pyroclastics, host rocks and hanging wall pyroclastics near and around the Rosebery deposit, and correlate positively with K, Fe, Mn, Ba, F, Rb, Zn, Pb and Zr. The Rosebery deposit and associated footwall alteration zone are located at the intersection of two elongated paramagnetic halos. The first is characterized by strong intensities of [AlO4]° signals measured at magnetic flux density sweeps over 326.5±5 mT, trends NE–SW, and passes discordantly from the west to the east the White Spur Formation, altered footwall (footwall alteration zone), host rock of the Rosebery deposit, hanging wall and Mount Black Volcanics. The second, largely stratabound, halo is defined by strong intensities of Mn2+ sextets observed at magnetic flux density sweeps over 326.5±100 mT, runs N–S following the stratigraphic trend, and outlines the mineralized host rock and footwall alteration zone. It also extends toward the south into the unaltered footwall and hanging wall rocks. The first type of halo is considered to be related to wall rock alteration due to the VHMS mineralization processes as well to later Devonian metamorphism, and the second is thought to be related to massive sulphide mineralization alone. 相似文献
15.
The Langdu high-K calc-alkaline intrusions are located in the Zhongdian area, which is the southern part of the Yidun island arc. These intrusive rocks consist mainly of monzonite porphyry, granodiorite, and diorite porphyry. The K2O content of majority of these rocks is greater than 3%, and, in the K2O-SiO2 diagram, all the samples fall into the high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic fields. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs; LaN/YbN = 14.3-21.2), and show slightly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.77-1.00). These rocks have high K, Rb, Sr, and Ba contents; moderate to high enrichment of compatible elements (Cr = 36.7-79.9 ppm, Co = 9.6-16.4 ppm, and MgO = 2.2%-3.4%); low Nb, Ta, and Ti contents, and characteristic of low high field strength elements(HFSEs) versus incompatible elements ratios (Nb/Th = 0.75, Nb/La = 0.34) and incompatible elements ratios (Nb/U = 3.0 and Ce/Pb = 5.1, Ba/Rb = 12.0). These rocks exhibit restricted Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, with (87Sr/86Sr) i values ranging from 0.7044 to 0.7069 and εNd(t) values from -2.8 to -2.2. The Sr-Nd isotope systematic and specific trace element ratios suggest that Langdu high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks derived from a metasomatized mantle source. The unique geochemical feature of intrusive rocks can be modeled successfully using different members of a slightly enriched mantle, a slab-derived fluid, and terrigenous sediments. It can be inferred that the degree of partial melting and the presence of specific components are temporally related to the tectonic evolution of the Zhongdian island arc. Formation of these rocks can be explained by the various degrees of melting within an ascending region of the slightly enriched mantle, triggered by the subduction of the Garzê-Litang ocean, and an interaction between the slab-derived fluid and the terrigenous sediments. 相似文献
16.
Abstract: The Mesozoic potash‐rich volcanic rocks which hosted several gold or gold (copper) deposits are widely distributed around the Yishu deep fault zone, eastern China. Lithologically, these rocks include basaltic trachyandesite, trachyandesite, latite and trachyte, of which the trachyandesite and latite are the predominant rock types. Whole‐rock Rb‐Sr isochron ages and 40Ar‐39Ar plateau dates of them are 108.2 ? 119.6 Ma and 114.7 ? 124.3 Ma, respectively. Chemically, they are characterized by high and variable Al2O3 contents, high K2O+Na2O values, and high K2O/Na2O and Fe2O3/FeO ratios. The rocks also have enriched LILE and LREE concentrations, low HFSE abundance, and display extraordinary Sr‐Nd isotope signatures (ISr = 0.7084 ? 0.7125, εNd(t) = ‐9.43 ? ?18.07). Integrated geological and geochemical data suggest that they were formed in a continental‐arc setting and most likely originated from the partial melting of enriched mantle which was induced by source contamination of subducted continental crustal materials. Gold (copper) deposits in this district are closely related to Mesozoic volcanic‐subvolcanic magmatism. They are frequently located either at the margin or adjacent to the volcanic basins. Most of them are spatially associated with maar‐diatreme systems and/or flow‐dome complexes. The formations of two gold (copper) deposits, the Qibaoshan breccia pipe‐porphyry type Au‐Cu deposit and the Guilaizhuang tellurium‐gold type epithermal Au deposit, have been proved to be in close relation with potash‐rich magmatism. The genetic relations between potash‐rich magmatism and Cu‐Au mineralization is still quite unclear. Detailed review of the previous works demonstrates that the high contents of volatiles (such as H2O, CO2, S, F and Cl, especially F and Cl) and the high oxidation state of the potash‐rich magmas may be the main favorable factors for the formation of the Cu‐Au deposits. 相似文献
17.
The geochemistry and evolution of early precambrian mantle 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Seven high-purity cumulate clinopyroxenes from 2.7 b.y. maficultramafic rock associations from the Abitibi belt, Superior Province, Canada, have been analyzed for major elements and K, Rb, Cs, Ba, Sr and 87Sr/86Sr ratio. Attempts to reconstruct the trace element patterns of the original parent magmas were partially successful; Sr contents (140 ppm), K/Rb (470) and K/Ba (16) ratios are similar to those of modern low-K island arc tholeiites. K/Cs ratios (2700) are significantly lower than island arc tholeiites (17,000) or oceanic island and oceanic ridge basalts (> 30,000); the presentday mantle seems to be more depleted in Cs than in Archean times. Initial Sr isotope ratios of the 7 Archean clinopyroxenes average 0.70114±13(2σ) with relatively little variation; this value is in good agreement with initial ratios published for felsic and mafic rocks of the same age, though the latter show much larger variations and uncertainties. The pyroxene Sr isotope data, in conjunction with data for rocks of other ages, defines the following simple model for mantle evolution:
- starting with primordial Sr, a short period of relatively rapid 87Sr/86Sr growth, followed by Rb depletion;
- a period between ≧ 3.5 b.y. and ～ 1.7 b.y. when closed-system Sr isotope evolution occurred (with Rb/Sr ～ 0.023);
- development of large-scale Rb/Sr heterogeneities in the mantle at ～ 1.7 b.y., leading to a present-day mantle with 87Sr/86Sr ranging from 0.7023 to 0.7065 and Rb/Sr ranging from ～ 0 to 0.065.
18.
Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, major and trace element compositions have been determined for the Paleogene granitic rocks in the Tsukuba district, Japan. Isotopic ages strongly suggest that the granitic rocks (seven units) were continuously emplaced and solidified during a short time interval. Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios for seven granitic units vary from 0.7082 to 0.7132, while sedimentary and metasedimentary country rocks have ratios at the time of granitic magma emplacement ranging from 0.7149 to 0.7298. Continuous linear arrays for the granitic rocks in the diagrams of initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios versus some chemical parameters can be explained by either of following two processes. One is the assimilation — fractional crystallization (AFC) process between the parental magma (SiO2 of 68% and initial ratio of 0.7078) and sedimentary country rocks, and the other is magma mixing process between above parental magma and sediment derived acidic magma (melt) (SiO2 of 75%). The high initial ratios (0.7078–0.7098) for basic rocks such as gabbro or diorite in the Tsukuba district and the similar characteristics observed in the rocks of Ryoke belt (SW Japan) suggest that the parental magma had the same source region as the basic rocks, probably the lower crustal source. 相似文献
19.
The Chilka Lake igneous complex of Orissa, the largest known anortosite massif of the Indian Shield, occurs in a catazonal environment of high-grade metamorphics of the Eastern Ghats Precambrian Orogenic Province. The syntectonic massif consists of the anorthositic Balugaon dome, leuconoritic Rambha lobe and quartz-mangeritic Kallikota cover. A completely gradational suite comprising anorthosite-leuconorite-norite-minor jotunite (the anorthositic suite) constitutes most of the complex. The subordinate of suite of acid rocks spatially associated with this is of a broad quartz-mangeritic lithology with minor granitic rocks (the acidic suite). Geochemical evolution of the complex in the sequence anorthosite-leuconorite-norite-jotunite-acidic rocks shows moderate iron enrichment in the noritic-jotunitic stage and is marked by an overall decrease in Al2O3, CaO, MgO, Ni/Co, Sr/Ba, K/Rb and increase in SiO2, K2O, V/Ni, K/Ba and Rb/Sr. Such progressive variation in geochemical parameters appears (i) essentially gradual and frequently overlapping in rock members of the intergradational anorthositic suite and (ii) rather abrupt across transition zones between the anorthositic suite and the acidic suite due to near absence of intervening intermediate lithologies. RbSr whole rock isochron studies indicate that the complex was emplaced ca. 1400 Ma ago. The initial 87Sr/68Sr (0.70661) implies limited hybridisation of the parent magma prior to emplacement. A critical appraisal of all the available evidence suggests that (i) the anorthositic suite of rocks form a perfectly consanguinous and comagmatic assemblage and (ii) the spatially associated acidic suite emerged through a convergence of magmatic and metasomatic processes (the latter brought about by contact anatexis of the host rocks). The complex as well as the host metamorphics are intruded by an atectonic suite of noritic dykes emplaced ca 850 Ma ago. 相似文献
20.
Geological, petrological and geochemical studies indicated that there are two distinct types of granitoid rocks: older quartz diorites to granodiorite assemblage and younger granitoids, the latter occurring in two phases. The older granitoids have a meta-aluminous chemistry and a calc-alkaline character, with high MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, P2O5, Sr and low SiO2, K2O, and Rb. Their major and trace elements data, together with low 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios (0.7029±0.0008) are indicative of I-type affinities. The second-... 相似文献