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1.
The desert and sandy land are the products of arid climate. The spatial distribution of modern deserts and sandy land in China and their relation to climate show following characteristics: arid and hyper-arid desert zones, at isohyet of less than 200 mm, are dominated by mobile dunes; semi-arid steppe and arid desert steppe with the precipitation between 200-400mm, are dominated by semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes; the precipitation of sub-humid forest grassland and humid forest zones with scattered fixed sand land is higher than 400 mm. With this as reference, in combination with considerable amount of paleoclimatic data in desert regions and adjacent regions, the distributions of desert and sandy land in China during the last interglacial period, the last glacial maximum (LGM), and the Holocene megathermal, were preliminarily reconstructed. The results compared with that of today show that the distribution of desert and sandy land in China was greatly dwindled during last interglacial period, and the mobile dune area was about two-thirds of that of today's, but greatly expanded during LGM. However, the dwindling area of desert and sandy land in the Holocene megathermal was smaller than that in the last interglacial period. The forcing mechanism was mainly related to the changes of East Asian winter and summer monsoon, south-northward swing of the westerlies and the variations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau monsoon intensity caused by global climate changes during the cold and warm intervals since the last interglacial period. 相似文献
2.
The desert and sandy land are the products of arid climate. The spatial distribution of modern deserts and sandy land in China and their relation to climate show following characteristics: arid and hyper-arid desert zones, at isohyet of less than 200 mm, are dominated by mobile dunes; semi-arid steppe and arid desert steppe with the precipitation between 200–400 mm, are dominated by semi-fixed and fixed sand dunes; the precipitation of sub-humid forest grassland and humid forest zones with scattered fixed sand land is higher than 400 mm. With this as reference, in combination with considerable amount of paleoclimatic data in desert regions and adjacent regions, the distributions of desert and sandy land in China during the last interglacial period, the last glacial maximum (LGM), and the Holocene megathermal, were preliminarily reconstructed. The results compared with that of today show that the distribution of desert and sandy land in China was greatly dwindled during last interglacial period, and the mobile dune area was about two-thirds of that of today’s, but greatly expanded during LGM. However, the dwindling area of desert and sandy land in the Holocene megathermal was smaller than that in the last interglacial period. The forcing mechanism was mainly related to the changes of East Asian winter and summer monsoon, south-northward swing of the westerlies and the variations of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau monsoon intensity caused by global climate changes during the cold and warm intervals since the last interglacial period. 相似文献
3.
A high-resolution climate record from 163.00 kaBP to 113.80 kaBP has been obtained through TIMS-U series dating and carbon
and oxygen isotope analysis of the three large stalagmites from two caves in the south of Guizhou Province, China. The record
of the oxygen isotopes from the stalagmites reveals that the undulation characteristics between the cooling event of the glacial
period and the warming event of the interglacial period in the research area can compare well to those of ice cores, lake
sediments, loess and deep sea sediments on the scale of ten-thousand years or millennium time scale. The climate undulation
provided by the record of the stalagmites has a coherence with the global changes and a tele-connection to the paleoclimate
changes in the north polar region. Our results suggest that the direct dynamics of paleo-monsoon circulation changes reflected
in the record of the stalagmites might be caused by changes of the global ice volume, and in turn related to various factors,
including the solar radiation strength at the mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, the southern extension of the ice-rafted
event in the North Atlantic, and changes of the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature at the low-latitudes. Using °18O values, we have calculated the temperatures and the results show that the temperature difference between the penultimate
glacial period (with an average temperature of 8.1°C, and a minimum temperature range from 0.65°C to-1.43°C at stage 6) and
the last interglacial period (with an average temperature of 18.24°C at sub-stage 5e) was about 10°C. This temperature difference
from the record of the stalagmites corresponds in general to the record temperature variation (about 10°C) of measured ice
cores. The climate records from the three stalagmites in the two caves have shown that the circulation strength of the Asian
summer monsoon and the winter monsoon in the penultimate glacial period and the last inter-glacial period had a clear change.
With the TIMS-U series method, termination II of the penultimate glacial period has been precisely dated at an age of (129.28±
1.10) kaBP for the three stalagmites in the south of Guizhou Province, China. This borderline age represents the beginning
of the last interglacial period or the boundary between the Middle Pleistocene and the Late Pleistocene, and corresponds to
the beginning age of the last interglacial period shown by the ice cores and in the SPECMAP curve of the marine oxygen isotopes.
The chronology determination of termination II is not only of stratigraphic and chronological significance, but also lays
an important foundation for discussing the short time scales of climate oscillation and rapidly changing events of paleoclimate
in the circulation region of the East Asian monsoon. 相似文献
4.
Quaternary biogenic opal records in the South China Sea: Linkages to East Asian monsoon, global ice volume and orbital forcing 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
WANG RuJian JIAN ZhiMin XIAO WenShen TIAN Jun LI JianRu CHEN RongHua ZHENG YuLong & CHEN JianFang State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China The Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(5):710-724
Particulate fluxes investigated in the central South China Sea (SCS) during 1993―1996 indicate that opal flux can be used to show primary productivity change, which provides a foundation for tracing the evolutionary relationship between the surface productivity and East Asian monsoon in the SCS during the late Quaternary glacial and interglacial periods. Based on the studies of opal % and their mass accumulation rates (MAR) at the six sites recovered from the SCS during the “Resolution” ODP Leg 184 and “Sonne” 95 cruise of the Sino-Germany cooperation, opal % and their MARs increased evidently in the northern sites since 470―900 ka, and they enhanced and reduced, respectively, during the glacial and interglacial periods. Whereas they increased obviously in the southern sites since 420―450 ka, and they augmented and declined, respectively, during the interglacial and glacial periods. The vari- ability in opal % and their MARs in the late Quaternary glacial cyclicity indicate the “seesaw” pattern of surface productivity in the SCS. The winter monsoon intensified during the glacial periods, surface productivity increased and decreased, respectively, in the northern and southern SCS. The summer monsoon strengthened during the interglacial periods, surface productivity increased and decreased, respectively, in the southern and northern SCS. The cross spectral analyses between the opal % in the northern and southern SCS during the Quaternary and global ice volume (δ 18O) and orbital forcing (ETP) indicate that the East Asian winter and summer monsoons could be ascribed to the different drive mechanisms. On the orbital time scale, the global ice volume change could be a dominant factor for the winter monsoon intension and temporal variations. As compared with the winter monsoon, the correlative summer solar radiation with the obliquity and precession in the Northern Hemisphere could be a mostly controlling factor for the summer monsoon intension and temporal variations. 相似文献
5.
China's Loess Plateau was formed under special conditions. The tectonic movement, topographical characteristics, and monsoon patterns combined to create a favourable environment for the accumulation of thick loessic deposits. The Loess Plateau itself is part of the ‘Monsoon Triangle’ of China, a region very susceptible to climatic changes. Throughout the Upper Pleistocene the palaeoenvironment on the Loess Plateau alternated from steppe, to deciduous forest and coniferous forest, in response to shifts in the atmospheric circulation. Three monsoon patterns appear to be indicated: (1) a full glacial monsoon pattern (18000–15000 yr BP) which induced a cold and dry climate favouring loess accumulation in steppe conditions; (2) an interglacial monsoon pattern (last interglacial and Holocene) in which a warm humid climate prevailed with deciduous forests, leaving palaeosols interbedded within the loess sequence; and (3) a transitional or interstadial monsoon pattern (50 000–23 000 yr BP) in which the climate was cold and humid in the Loess Plateau, encouraging the development of coniferous forest. 相似文献
6.
High-resolution peat records for Holocene monsoon history in the eastern Tibetan Plateau 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
Holocene peat sediment has been attached impor-tance to reconstruct the Holocene climatic variations because it can provide much palaeoclimatic informa-tion with high resolution. Analysis on the plant mac-rofossil[1], pollen[2―4], isotope ratio[5―9], element con-tent[10,11], total organic carbon (TOC)[12], humifica-tion[13,14] and grayscale[12] for peat sediment has shown its superiorities as a recorder medium for reconstruct-ing the Holocene climate. Hong et al. have done great fruitful w… 相似文献
7.
Strontium, neodymium isotopic compositions and trace elements of the detrital sediments of Core NS90-103 from South China
Sea were analyzed. The results show that the87Sr/86Sr ratios of the detritus during the last glacial range from 0.722 4 to 0.723 0. They are significantly higher than those
during the Holocene and the maximum of the last interglacial, which range from 0.721 0 to 0.721 7. This indicates stronger
continental weathering during the last glacial. On the other hand, the143Nd/144Nd ratios of these detritus are higher during the last glacial too, similar to the variation of the87Sr/86Sr ratios. The trace element geochemistry of these detritus indicates that more authigenic sediments, such as ferromanganese,
during the last glacial may partly contribute to the increase of143Nd/144Nd ratios. Furthermore, much more detritus from continent of South China to the north of the South China Sea may probably
contribute to143Nd/144Nd ratios increase during the last glacial, which was the result of the enhancement of northeast monsoon. 相似文献
8.
C. Waelbroeck N. Frank J. Jouzel F. Parrenin V. Masson-Delmotte D. Genty 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,265(1-2):183-194
In order to derive a radiometric age marker for the end of the penultimate glacial–interglacial transition, we compiled published U-series isotope measurements on corals from the period extending from stage 6 to the middle of the last interglacial, and computed the corresponding open-system ages using Thompson et al. model (Thompson, W.G., Spiegelman, M.W., Goldstein, S.L., Speed, R.C., An open-system model for U-series age determinations of fossil corals. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 210 (2003) 365–381). We obtain a global mean age of 126 calendar kyr BP (ka) ± 1.7kyr (2σ) for the beginning of the last interglacial sea level high stand. After showing that the phase relationships observed between changes in sea level, North Atlantic benthic and planktonic foraminifera oxygen isotopic records, and atmospheric methane over the last deglaciation were likely also valid over the penultimate deglaciation, we derive an age of 131.2ka ± 2kyr (2σ) for the abrupt increase in atmospheric CH4 and North Atlantic surface temperature marking the end of the penultimate glacial–interglacial transition. This age is consistent with U–Th dates of the penultimate glacial–interglacial transition recorded in speleothems from sites where speleothems isotopic records are synchronous with North Atlantic temperature records over the last deglaciation. Finally, we show that the phase obtained between the climatic response and northern hemisphere summer insolation is not constant from Termination II to Termination I, implying that northern hemisphere summer insolation alone cannot explain the timing of terminations. 相似文献
9.
10.
中国末次冰盛期以来湖泊水量变化及古气候变化机制解释 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国古湖泊数据库收录的42个湖泊,提供的湖泊水量每千年变化的空间信息,可以用来系统分析中国区域末次冰盛期以来大气环流变化的状况.研究结果表明:我国西部从末次冰盛期以来直至全新世中期均为较湿润的气候状况,推测冰期内的湿润条件主要与西风带的降水以及低温低蒸发密切相关,而全新世主要为夏季风降水增加所致;全新世晚期气候趋干明显.我国东部的大部分区域在冰盛期和晚冰期较为干旱;只是在全新世有效降水状况才有大幅度的改善,全新世中期夏季风降水的效应仍然相当显著,控制的范围可达整个中国西部,同时位于现代季风气候区的中国东部,有效降水的峰值区的变化似乎存在从北往南的穿时性,南方有效降水峰值出现在晚全新世.而西南季风区湿润状况的明显改善发生在晚冰期,比东南季风区发生的早,显然这与两个季风系统的相互消长有一定的关系.我国东北区的湿润状况改善的也较早,显示了独特的季风气候机制. 相似文献
11.
Clay mineral records of East Asian monsoon evolution during late Quaternary in the southern South China Sea 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
High-resolution clay mineral records combined with oxygen isotopic stratigraphy over the past 190 ka during late Quaternary from core MD01-2393 off the Mekong River in the southern South China Sea are reported to reconstruct a history of East Asian monsoon evolution. The dominating clay mineral components indicate a strong glacial-interglacial cyclicity, with high glacial illite, chlorite, and kaolinite contents and high interglacial smectites content. The provenance analysis indicates the direct input of clay minerals via the Mekong River drainage basin. Illite and chlorite derived mainly from the upper reach of the Mekong River, where physical erosion of meta-sedimentary rocks is dominant. Kaolinite derived mainly from active erosion of inhered clays from reworked sediments in the middle reaches. Smectites originated mainly through bisiallitic soils in the middle to lower reaches of the Mekong River. The smectites/(illite+chlorite) and smectites/kaolinite ratios are determined as mineralogical indicato 相似文献
12.
不同时间尺度青海湖沉积物总有机碳对气候变化的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊沉积物总有机碳（TOC）含量通常作为表征流域和湖泊生产力的指标,在亚洲季风区也常常被当作夏季风的代用指标,被广泛应用于气候与环境变化研究.本文梳理了过去千年、全新世以及冰期-间冰期时间尺度上青海湖沉积物TOC的变化特征,并探讨了其指示气候变化的敏感性与有效性.结果表明,过去千年青海湖沉积物TOC含量与区域暖季温度和降水表现出较为一致的周期性波动.通过对比全新世区域夏季温度、基于孢粉的降水定量重建结果,以及湖泊水位、风沙活动反映的湿度状况等,发现不能简单地将青海湖沉积物TOC含量或沉积通量作为夏季风强度或者季风降水强度的代用指标.青海湖沉积物TOC含量在冰期和间冰期表现出巨大的差异,指示了冰期-间冰期时间尺度上较大的温度与降水变幅.因此,不同地域条件及不同时间尺度下,湖泊沉积物TOC对气候变化的敏感性不同,将湖泊沉积物TOC含量作为亚洲夏季风的代用指标需要特别谨慎,特别是在高寒气候区. 相似文献
13.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(1-2):174-187
A mutual climatic range method is applied to the Mediterranean marine pollen record of Semaforo (Vrica section, Calabria, Italy) covering the period from ∼2.46 Ma to ∼2.11 Ma. The method yields detailed information on summer, annual and winter temperatures and on precipitation during the nine obliquity and precession-controlled ‘glacial’ periods (marine isotope stages 96 to 80) and eight ‘interglacial’ periods (marine isotope stages 95 to 81) characterising this time interval. The reconstruction reveals higher temperatures of at least 2.8 °C in mean annual and 2.2 °C in winter temperatures, and 500 mm in precipitation during the ‘interglacials’ as compared to the present-day climate in the study area. During the ‘glacials’, temperatures are generally lower as compared to the present-day climate in the region, but precipitation is equivalent. Along the consecutive ‘interglacials’, a trend toward a reduction in annual and winter temperatures by more than 2.3 °C, and toward a higher seasonality is observed. Along the consecutive ‘glacials’, a trend toward a strong reduction in all temperature parameters of at least 1.6 °C is reconstructed. Climatic amplitudes of ‘interglacial–glacial’ transitions increase from the older to the younger cycles for summer and annual temperatures. The cross-spectral analyses suggest obliquity related warm/humid–cold/dry ‘interglacial–glacial’ cycles which are superimposed by precession related warm/dry– cold/humid cycles. A time displacement in the development of temperatures and precipitation is indicated for the obliquity band by temperatures generally leading precipitation change at ∼4 kyr, and on the precession band of ∼9.6 kyr in maximum. 相似文献
14.
Instability characteristics of the East Asian Monsoon recorded by high-resolution loess sections from the last interglacial (MIS5) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Guan QingYu Pan BaoTian Gao HongShan Li BingYuan Wang JunPing Su Huai 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(7):1067-1075
The selection of high-resolution loess sections is needed in order to determine the climatic variability of the East Asian Monsoon during the last interglacial. Two sequences of S1 on the eastern and west-ern sides of the Liupan Mountain were both composed of five paleosol layers and four loess layers,indicating that there were five strong summer monsoon events and four strong winter monsoon events in MIS5. This corresponds with other records of the East Asian Monsoon,along with NGRIP and the North Atlantic records,implying that the climate of the Northern Hemisphere was very instable during the last interglacial. Two layers of paleosols and one layer of loess had developed during MIS5a and MIS5c. Compared with MIS5e,the climate in MIS5a and MIS5c fluctuated more intensively on a millen-nial scale,whereas the climate was relatively stable in MIS5e. 相似文献
15.
The East Asian monsoon system is a thermodynamic atmospheric circulation induced by the different potential heating between the 揥estern Pacific Warm Pool?(WPWP) and the Asian continent. The circulation patterns dominate seasonal patterns of winds, preci… 相似文献
16.
利用1979～2003年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料探讨了亚澳季风区经向气流的季节性分支和结构特征. 结果表明,亚澳季风区经向气流的垂直斜压结构由冬到夏发生季节性转向,即从冬季时的低层北风、高层南风转换为夏季时的低层南风、高层北风. 季节反向的经向气流主体偏向北半球,其区域差异性在对流层中低层更为显著. 以印度半岛和中南半岛为界,亚洲热带季风区中低层经向气流在冬夏季均呈现三通道特征,与此相应,亚澳季风区自西向东存在三支相对独立的经向环流分支,且冬夏季的差异均很显著,如冬季的中心高度自西向东递减、夏季的经向跨度自西向东递增等. 相似文献
17.
Measurement of clay mineralogy at ODP Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) indicates that illite, chlorite, and
kaolinite contents increased during glacials and smectite content increased during interglacials. The smectite/(illite+chlorite)
ratio and the smectite abundance were determined as mineralogical indicators for the East Asian monsoon evolution. At a 10
ka timescale, prevailing southeasterly surface oceanic currents during interglacials transported more smectite from the south
and east areas to the north, showing a strengthened summer monsoon circulation, whereas dominated counter-clockwise surface
currents during glacials carried more illite and chlorite from Taiwan as well as from the Yangtze River via the Luzon Strait
to the northern SCS, indicating a strongly intensified winter monsoon. Based on a 100 ka timescale, a linear correlation between
the smectite/(illite+chlorite) ratio and the sedimentation rate reflects that the winter monsoon has prevailed in the northern
SCS in the intervals 2000–1200 ka and 400–0 ka and the summer monsoon did the same in the interval 1200–400 ka. The evolution
of the summer monsoon provides an almost linear response to the summer insolation of Northern Hemisphere, implying an astronomical
forcing of the East Asian monsoon evolution. 相似文献
18.
介绍了正在建设中的全球湖泊数据库的情况,以及该数据库的水位资料所反映的晚更新世末期以来全球湿润状况的变化。通过大尺度湖水位变化的时空分析,结果显示当今湖泊水位状态较历史时期而言,位于低纬干旱或半干旱地区的湖泊水位较低,而中纬及高纬湿润地区的湖泊水位较高。自末次冰盛期以来,北美大陆中南部地区湖泊水位自高至低,反映出该地区气候条件由湿变干,至早、中全新世达最干旱。而在非洲及南亚季风地区,冷期偏干,暖期偏湿。特别是在早、中全新世的温暖时期,为历史上最湿润时期。北半球中纬度地带的气候干湿变化与北半球冰盖的存在及其消融导致的西风带的南北摆动有关;而北半球季风区在早、中全新世出现的高潮面与北半球夏季辐射的增加有密切联系。 相似文献
19.
Zhisheng An Sumin Wang Xihao Wu Mingyang Chen Donghuai Sun Xiuming Liu Fubao Wang Li Li Youbin Sun Weijian Zhou Jie Zhou Xiaodong Liu Huayu Lu Yunxiang Zhang Guangrong Dong Xiaoke Qiang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(3):258-271
On the basis of a newly-constructed record of magnetic susceptibility (SUS) and the depositional rate change of eolian loess-red
clay sequences in the last 7.2 Ma BP from the hea Plateau, together with a cornperison of a record of °18O values from the equatorial East Pacific Ocean and eolian Quartz flux variations fmm the North Pacific Ocean, the evolutiomuy
process of the Late Cenozoic Great Glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere can be divided into three stages: the arrival stage
around 7.2–3.4 Ma BP, the initial stage at about 3.4—2.6 Ma BP, and the Great Ice Age since 2.6 Ma BP. The evolution of the
East Asian monsoon is characterized by paid winter and summer monsoons, and it is basically composed of the initial stage
of weak winter and summer monsoons, the transitional stage of simultaneous increase in intensity of winter and summer monsoons,
and the prevailing stage of strong winter and week summer monsoons, or weak winter and strong summer monsoons. The Late Cenowic
global tectonic uplift, paaicdarly the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau uplift and the associated CO2 concentration variation, controls the dng processes of the onset of Great Glaciation and the long-term changes of East Asian
monsoom climate in the Northern Hemisphere to a large extent. The accelerating uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau between
3.4 and 2.6 Ma BP provided an important driving force to global climiatic change.
Project supported by the foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZ951-A1-402), the State Science and Technology
Committee (Grant No. 95-pre-40)and the Chinese Nature Science Foundation (Grant No. 49672140) 相似文献
20.
中更新世以来青藏高原RH孔和洛川黄土记录的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
根据若尔盖盆地ＲＨ孔的研究成果,具体地将该孔的２１个阶段和洛川黄土记录进行对比,分析其异同点,探讨了高原不同降升阶段自身环境特点及其对邻近西北干旱区的影响。 相似文献