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Rafael Bartolomé Juanjo Dañobeitia François Michaud Diego Córdoba Luis A. Delgado-Argote 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(8-9):1373-1389
Three thousand kilometres of multichannel (MCS) and wide-angle seismic profiles, gravity and magnetic, multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were recorded in the offshore area of the west coast of Mexico and the Gulf of California during the spring 1996 (CORTES survey). The seismic images obtained off Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, in the Jalisco subduction zone extend from the oceanic domain up to the continental shelf, and significantly improve the knowledge of the internal crustal structure of the subduction zone between the Rivera and North American (NA) Plates. Analyzing the crustal images, we differentiate: (1) An oceanic domain with an important variation in sediment thickness ranging from 2.5 to 1 km southwards; (2) an accretionary prism comprised of highly deformed sediments, extending for a maximum width of 15 km; (3) a deformed forearc basin domain which is 25 km wide in the northern section, and is not seen towards the south where the continental slope connects directly with the accretionary prism and trench, thus suggesting a different deformational process; and (4) a continental domain consisting of a continental slope and a mid slope terrace, with a bottom simulating reflector (BSR) identified in the first second of the MCS profiles. The existence of a developed accretionary prism suggests a subduction–accretion type tectonic regime. Detailed analysis of the seismic reflection data in the oceanic domain reveals high amplitude reflections at around 6 s [two way travel time (twtt)] that clearly define the subduction plane. At 2 s (twtt) depth we identify a strong reflection which we interpret as the Moho discontinuity. We have measured a mean dip angle of 7° ± 1° at the subduction zone where the Rivera Plate begins to subduct, with the dip angle gently increasing towards the south. The oceanic crust has a mean crustal thickness of 6.0–6.5 km. We also find evidence indicating that the Rivera Plate possibly subducts at very low angles beneath the Tres Marias Islands. 相似文献
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Francisco Jose da Silva Dias Belmiro Mendes Castro Luiz Drude Lacerda 《Ocean Dynamics》2018,68(8):967-985
This article characterizes the spatial and temporal current variations, in the subtidal and tidal ranges, during the rainy and dry seasons, at the continental shelf off the Jaguaribe River, through measurements of continuous current field data from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mooring during 124 days, from June 12 to October 14, 2009. To support this dataset, we collected corresponding data from a meteorological station located at the estuary. The spatial variation showed that highest current speeds occur near the coast, with an offset of a NNW coastal jet, decreasing intensity, monotonically, towards offshore up to 0.1 ms?1. In the rainy season, small inversions of the wind field were observed, lasting 2 to 3 days on average and were accompanied by the direction of surface currents only. In the dry season, the period of reversal of wind fields and currents lasted 14 and 35 h, respectively. The analysis of empirical orthogonal functions in rainy and dry seasons showed that the continental shelf is predominantly barotropic, where the second and third modes explained only 7% of the total variance, during the dry season. The tidal currents are more intense in the direction normal to the coast, showing a semidiurnal tidal regime. Energy distribution between tidal currents and currents of longer periods showed that for the component parallel to bathymetry, subtidal frequency currents are dominant, contributing to more than 70% of the variance. For the normal component to the coastline bathymetry, there is a significant increase of power concerning tidal currents, at all depths, so they contribute with about 55% of the total variance. 相似文献
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Because of the significance to the formation and evolution of the Tibetan plateau, the displacement and slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault have been topics full of disputation. Scientists who hold different opinions on the evolution of Tibet insist on different slip rates and displacements of the fault zone. In the article, study is focused on the late Quaternary slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault west of the Cherchen River (between 85°E and 85°45'E). On the basis of high resolution SPOT images of the region, three sites, namely Koramlik, Aqqan pasture and Dalakuansay, were chosen for field investigation. To calculate the slip rate of the fault, displacement of terraces was measured on SPOT satellite images or in situ during fieldwork and thermo-luminescence (TL) dating method was used. To get the ages of terraces, samples of sand were collected from the uppermost sand beds that lie just under loess. The method for calculating slip rate of fault is to divide the displacement of terrace risers by the age of its neighboring lower terrace. The displacement of rivers is not considered in this article because of its uncertainties. At Koramlik, the slip rate of the Altyn Tagh fault is 11.6±2.6mm/a since 6.02±0.47ka B.P and 9.6±2.6mm/a since 15.76±1.19ka B.P. At Aqqan pasture, about 30km west of Koramlik, the slip rate is 12.1±1.9mm/a since 2.06±0.16 ka B.P. At Dalakuansayi, the slip rate of the fault is 12.2±3.0mm/a since 4.91±0.39ka B.P. Hence, we get the average slip rate of 11.4±2.5mm/a for the western part of the Altyn Tagh Fault since Holocene. This result is close to the latest results from GPS research. 相似文献
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在震后2300～2450s的时间内,于震中距30°～50°之间发现了以前从未报道过的1Hz散射波。这些散射波可能是在上地幔和地壳发生的PKPbc到PKPbc的反方位角散射而产生的,为绘制地幔非均匀性的小尺度变化(10km)提供了一个新的手段。大孔径地震台阵(LASA)记录的阵列波束清晰地展示了散射波能量从噪声中逐步显露,在大约80s后达到最大振幅,并在150s后恢复到噪声水平。横向与径向慢度(ρt,ρr)的叠加显示在大约(2,-2)和(-2,-2)s/°存在两个峰值,表明这些波是沿着主弧路径(180°～360°)到达,而且明显是反方位角。基于上述观测资料,我们提出一种地幔和地表的PKPbc到PKPbc的散射机制,因为(1)这与散射波到时和散射波特有的慢度特征相吻合,(2)它的散射路径与之前观测到的深部地幔PK·KP散射路径类似(Chang and Cleary,1981)。观测到的上地幔散射波和PK·KP波均符合散射波的广义集合,我们称其为P′·d·P′,可以在地幔的任意深度d散射。 相似文献
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《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2000,62(13):1177-1187
Continuous MF radar measurements of mesospheric mean winds are in progress at the observatories in Yamagawa (31.2°N, 130.6°E) and Wakkanai (45.4°N, 141.7°E). The observations at Yamagawa and Wakkanai were started in August 1994 and September 1996, respectively. The real-time wind data are used for the study of major large scale dynamic features of the middle atmosphere such as mean winds, tides, planetary waves, and gravity waves, etc. In the present study of mean winds, we have utilized the data collected until June 1999, which include the simultaneous observation period of little more than two and a half years, for the two sites. The database permits us to draw conclusions on the characteristics of mean winds and to compare the mean wind structure over these sites. The mean prevailing zonal winds at both sites are dominated by westward/eastward motions in summer/winter seasons below 90 km. Meridional circulation at meteor heights is generally southward during most times of the year and it extends to lower mesospheric heights during summer also. The summer westward jet at Wakkanai is consistently stronger than those at Yamagawa. However, the winter eastward winds have identical strength at both locations. Meridional winds also show larger values at Wakkanai. The mean wind climatology has been examined and compared with the MU radar observations over Shigaraki (34.9°N, 136.1°E). The paper also presents the results of the comparison between the MF radar winds and the latest empirical model values (HWM93 model) proposed by Hedin et al. (1996. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58, 1421–1447). Hodograph analyses of mean winds conducted for the summer and winter seasons show interesting similarities and discrepancies. 相似文献
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One of the main morphological changes along the Southern Central Andes occurs from 36° to 39°S. The northern portion is characterized by prominent basement structures and a thick-skinned orogenic front with relief of over 2000 m with a deep level of exhumation where more than 4 km of section has been eroded. Contrastingly, the southern part is formed by mildly inverted basement structures restricted mainly to the hinterland zone, which reaches only 1500–1700 m relief. We quantify the variable contributions of two main contractional stages through the construction of three regionally balanced sections across the Andes, constrained by field and geophysical data. Extensional re-activation described for this segment in late Oligocene-early Miocene and Pliocene to Quaternary times, after the two main contractional episodes, suggests only 3 km of stretching that represents 30–10% of the original longitude. We, therefore, conclude that while initial Late Cretaceous to Eocene compression was similar along strike (∼10–7 km), it is the contrasting degrees of Neogene shortening (∼16–6 km) that have played the largest role in the along strike differences in structure and morphology along this portion of the southern Andes. Variable Neogene arc expansion could be responsible for the contrasting contractional deformation: In the north, late Miocene arc-related rocks cover most of the retroarc zone (>200 km with respect to the late Miocene arc front in the south), presumably driven by a shallow subduction episode in the area, whereas to the south they remain restricted to the continental drainage divide. Other factors involving architecture of previous rift structures, are proposed as additional mechanisms that accommodated variable shortening magnitudes through inversion. 相似文献
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Irina V. Medvedeva Anatoly I. Semenov Vladimir I. Perminov Alexander B. Beletsky Andrey V. Tatarnikov 《Acta Geophysica》2014,62(2):340-349
Data about the variations of mesopause temperature (～87 km) obtained from ground-based spectrographic measurements of the OH emission (834.0 nm, band (6-2)) at Irkutsk and Zvenigorod observatories were compared with satellite data on vertical temperature distribution in the atmosphere from Aura MLS v3.3. We analyzed MLS data for two geopotential height levels: 0.005 hPa (～84 km) and 0.002 hPa (～88 km) as the closest to OH height (～87 km). We revealed that Aura MLS temperature data have lower values than ground-based (cold bias). In summer periods, that difference increases. Aura cold biases compared with OH(6-2) at Irkutsk and Zvenigorod were calculated. For the 0.002 hPa height level, the biases are 10.1 and 9.4 K, and for 0.005 hPa they are 10.5 and 10.2 K at Irkutsk and Zvenigorod, respectively. When the bias is accounted for, an agreement between Aura MLS and OH(6-2) data obtained at both Irkutsk and Zvenigorod is remarkable. 相似文献
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高精度地确定我国陆海任意点的似大地水准面高(或称高程异常),其基础是先建立相应区域的高精度、高分辨率的高程异常数字模型,然后在此基础上通过内插软件确定.本文阐述了建立我国陆海1′×1′高程异常数字模型的数据、方法和步骤等.分别采用全国854个(一、二级网和A、B级网点)和75个(地震监测站点)高精度GPS/水准点作为外部检核点,对该数字模型进行了精度估计,结果表明:由该数字模型确定全国任意点高程异常的精度,东部地区分别为±0.18 m和±0.13 m,西部地区分别为±0.30 m和±0.22 m,全国总体精度分别为±0.23 m和±0.17 m.比规划的±0.5 m精度指标提高了1倍多.少部分区域达到了厘米级精度.由1′×1′高程异常数字模型及相应软件确定任意点结果的速度一般在2s内. 相似文献
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高精度地确定我国陆海任意点的似大地水准面高（或称高程异常），其基础是先建立相应区域的高精度、高分辨率的高程异常数字模型，然后在此基础上通过内插软件确定.本文阐述了建立我国陆海1′×1′高程异常数字模型的数据、方法和步骤等.分别采用全国854个（一、二级网和A、B级网点）和75个（地震监测站点）高精度GPS/水准点作为外部检核点，对该数字模型进行了精度估计，结果表明：由该数字模型确定全国任意点高程异常的精度，东部地区分别为±0.18 m和±0.13 m，西部地区分别为±0.30 m和±0.22 m，全国总体精度分别为±0.23 m和±0.17 m.比规划的±0.5 m精度指标提高了1倍多.少部分区域达到了厘米级精度.由1′×1′高程异常数字模型及相应软件确定任意点结果的速度一般在2s内. 相似文献
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K. Nielsen M.J. Taylor R.E. Hibbins M.J. Jarvis 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(8-9):991-1000
We present a first detailed climatological study of individual quasi-monochromatic mesospheric, short-period gravity-wave events observed over Antarctica. The measurements were made using an all-sky airglow imager located at Halley Station (76°S, 27°W) and encompass the 2000 and 2001 austral winter seasons. Distributions of wave parameters were found to be similar to findings at other latitudes. The wave headings exhibited unusually strong anisotropy with a dominant preference for motion towards the Antarctic continent and a rotation from westward during fall, to poleward in mid-winter, to eastward in spring. This rotation was accompanied by a systematic increase of ～50% in the magnitudes of the horizontal wavelengths and observed phase speeds. It is postulated that the observed wave anisotropy was due to a succession of wave sources of different characteristics lying equatorward of Halley, or a dominant source mechanism evolving with time during the winter months. 相似文献
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Ocean Dynamics - The concept of water type richness wtr and inversion count inv is introduced and applied to high-resolution Argo float data in a meridional strip in the southern Indian Ocean as a... 相似文献