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大洋富钴结壳的基本框架——超微生物建构的锰质叠层石柱体 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大洋富钴结壳和锰结核一样是潜在的海底矿产资源,对其成因的研究将有助于指导找矿和资源评价。通过大型反光显微镜、透射电子显微镜和其他测试手段,系统研究了结壳的结构构造、物质组成以及叠层石纹层与超微生物的关系。发现结壳与光滑型锰结核的叠层石类型及超微生物种极其相似,它们都以微小叠层石和中华微放线菌为主要特征,具有相同的生物成因机制。认为超微生物建构的锰质叠层石柱体是大洋富钴结壳的基本框架,从而对结壳矿体的形成提出了新的见解。 相似文献
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东太平洋锰结核中叠层石纹层韶律的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合运用反光显微镜,扫描镜,透射电镜等手段研究了东太平洋深海锰结核中上叠层石纹层的单律。研究表明,锰结核中叠层石纹层是超微生物韵律性生长的结果,而且在锰结核的磨光面上清清楚楚地显示纹导 层组和纹层带三个级别的生长韵律。 相似文献
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于1987年5—6月间,中、西德在南海进行地球科学调查,获得5个铁锰结壳、6个铁锰结核样品。本文在利用X荧光法测定15个稀土元素的基础上,对南海铁锰结核(壳)的稀土丰度、配分模式与伴生元素的关系以及稀土的来源作了较为详细的探讨。研究表明,南海铁锰结核(壳)的平均丰度为1625×10~(-6),铁锰结核为2167×10~(-6),分别要比太平洋结核高1—2倍,比太平洋北部沉积物高3—4倍,比南海沉积物高10—20倍;结核和结壳的稀土经球粒陨石标准化后的配分模式基本相同,Ce正异常,Eu亏损不明显;与伴生元素、沉积物及岩石稀土对比研究表明,结核(壳)中稀土主要来自南海中酸性岩类风化、淋漓后缓慢沉积。 相似文献
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过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中富集的控制因素 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在不同生成环境下生成的铁锰结核(壳)吸收不同的过渡金属元素。在成岩作用形成的铁锰结核中,Cu、Ni主要以锰相形式存在,而Co则以铁相的形式存在;在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中Cu、Co、Ni均以锰相的形式存在。这些过渡金属元素在成岩作用形成的结核中的存在与铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化学特征密切相关,而在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中的富集与锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化。学特征关系不大。同时铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物又严格地受结核(壳)的生成环境的制约,因此,过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中的富集在一定程度上受结核(壳)生成环境的控制。 相似文献
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微生物碳酸盐岩研究:回顾与展望 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在查阅国内外大量文献资料的基础上,回顾与综述了微生物碳酸盐岩近几年的研究现状及进展。微生物碳酸盐岩是由钙化微生物(蓝绿菌、微藻等)在微生物作用、沉积作用及成岩作用的共同作用下形成的,其种类繁多,包括叠层石、凝块石、树形石、均一石、核形石和纹理石等。它在各个地质历史时期均有发育,但主要繁盛于中新元古代和早古生代;自显生宙以来,随着后生动物的繁育微生物碳酸盐岩总体呈衰退趋势。另外,微生物对白云石的直接沉淀、碳酸盐泥丘及第五类原生沉积构造的形成具有重要作用。近年来,对微生物碳酸盐岩研究的发展使得碳酸盐岩的成因及分类得到了补充与完善。 相似文献
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本文通过东太平洋海盆、中太平洋海盆锰结核、云南东南部土壤锰结核及原生沉积锰矿特征及形成环境的对比研究,表明:(1)海洋水深,地形、生物生产力与水—沉积物界面的Eh、pH值等是控制锰结核物质成份、生长速率及分布格局的重要因素,(2)南极底层流和深海沉积间断的形成发展是造成锰结核生长间断的关键,(3)新生代低海平面时期可能是锰结核生成的重要时期。 相似文献
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在Salemi（西西里西部）附近的米辛尼亚期沉积岩中，我们对一种新型的以米为单位的复合补丁礁进行了描述．其建造由两个截然不同的部分组成：（1）陡倾穹隆状微生物岩丘夹凝块叠层石和结壳状生物；（2）覆盖在微生物岩五上的珊瑚一微生物建造，其中珊瑚群体为微生物岩石所覆盖（这些微生物岩石与各种各样的结壳生物有关）．微生物岩丘的增生作用是葡萄状集合体的发育、畚箕藻骨骼、结完状有孔虫、苔鲜动物、龙介虫和已胶结双壳类的堆积结果．正如地中海中其它类似的米辛尼亚期生物建造，不同部分复合微生物岩丘建造的增生过程似乎是均一的… 相似文献
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东太平洋多金属结核及相关因素概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以翔实的照片与图件资料为依据, 展示东太平洋中国开辟区内多金属结核类型及其在大洋底赋存状态; 结核内部叠层石纹层及其建造者——两种超微生物化石特征; 不同类型结核的矿物与化学成分特点。同时对结核分布规律与区内地化环境、水深、地形、沉积物类型等之间关系也作扼要说明。 相似文献
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Ferromanganese nodules from siliceous and pelagic clays and crusts from a seamount in Central Indian Ocean were analyzed for chemical composition, mineralogy, iron oxidation as determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy, and oxidized manganese (O/Mn ratio) by iodometric method. Despite considerable variation in chemical composition (Mn/Fe ratio 1.42 to 7.4) and mineralogy, iron is present solely as Fe (III) in the paramagnetic or superparamagnetic phase. The oxidized manganese ratio showed that 73 to 81% of the manganese is Mn (IV). Mn (II) is detected qualitatively by electron spin resonance spectra in the nodules and crusts from the Central Indian Ocean. 相似文献
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K. S. Jeong J. K. Kang K. Y. Lee H. S. Jung S. B. Chi S. J. Ahn 《Geo-Marine Letters》1996,16(2):123-131
In the northwestern margin of the Clarion and Clipperton fracture zones, manganese nodules are latitudinally variable in character, resulting from the progressive (re)generation of nodules since the Oligocene as the Pacific Plate migrates northwestward beneath the equatorial production zone. Complemented by the surface water productivity, bottom current activities have concentrated nodules in the Oligocene to Miocene siliceous clay. Resedimentation processes on nodules form three types of nodules with concentric structures and 10 Å-manganaterich bottoms, by periodically causing the diagenetic growth of nodules within the topmost sediment layer. 相似文献
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Noburu Takematsu 《Journal of Oceanography》1979,35(5):191-198
The mechanisms of incorporation of minor transition metals into marine manganese nodules are discussed on the basis of differential chemical leaching.A small portion of iron and manganese in deep-sea nodules was dissolved in dilute acetic acid. Hydrogenous cobalt and nickel in nodules were also slightly leached with the acid solution, while 50–60 % of hydrogenous copper and zinc were leached. This difference suggests that the greater parts of hydrogenous cobalt and nickel are present in the lattices of manganese oxide phases, while the major parts of hydrogenous copper and zinc are present in the sorption sites of manganese oxide phases.The enrichment of minor transition metals in manganese nodules may be controlled by their substitution for manganese atoms in manganese oxide lattices after their sorption on manganese oxide phases. 相似文献
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Eighty-seven manganese nodules, representing six different locations at depths ranging from 2400 to 7400 m, from the eastern edge of the Blake Plateau were studied. Most of the nodules contained secondary structural textures resulting from the apparent burrowing of marine microfauna. This biogenic activity produced modification of the original growth patterns. In many cases the burrowed zones served as favored sites for redeposition of iron—manganese material.Transmitted light and scanning electron microscope analysis revealed the presence of three types of organic activity: (1) agglutinated foraminiferal tests; (2) pre-bored clay particles acting as nuclei or later included during nodule growth; and (3) younger burrows that cross-cut all older structures.In many instances this cross-cutting action resulted in almost total eradication of areas of the original growth patterns. The final texture may be mistaken for a similar growth texture previously classified as mottled, but a more specific genetic term might be “disrupted.” 相似文献
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加速器质谱法测定深海锰结核样品中的^10Be 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究深海锰结核中＾１０Ｂｅ的加速器质谱法分析。提出了ＮａＯＨ和ＥＤＴＡ分离纯化－ＢｅＯ制样－加速器质谱法测量＾１０ＢｅＯ制样－加速器质谱法测量＾１０Ｂｅ的分析程序。研究结果表明,该法回收率较高,分离效果较好,按该法制备的ｅＯ靶能较好地满足加速器质谱法对测量＾１０Ｂｅ的要求。利用该法测得北太平洋两个锰结核的生长速率分别为２．７ｍｍ／Ｍａ和１．５ｍｍ／Ｍａ。这些结果与其他研究者所测数据相比,非常一 相似文献
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Five manganese nodules collected from the Northern Mid - Pacific have been analysed for their U and Th isotopes.lt is found that the enrichment of thorium compared to uranium is universal in deep- sea manganese, nodules and in the top sides of the nodules there are large excesses of Th and Pa decreasing exponentially with depth. For each of the nodules, the concordant growth rates are obtained from three different methods: 230Thex 230Thex/232Th and 231Paex.The growth rates of manganese nodules are closely related to the chemical compositions of the nodules and the types of the underlying sediments. The growth rates of five nodules are determined to be in the range of 0.79-7.4 mm/106a, in agreement with those predicted from the chemical compositions of the nodules. By the comparison of the extrapolated 230Thex,230Thex/232 Th and 231PaeX data from the top and bottom surfaces of the nodule from Site M21 yields, the nodule turnover time is (9.83-13.7)×104a. 相似文献
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In the Central Indian Basin manganese nodule abundance was variable in all sediment types. Mean abundance varied from 1.5 in calcareous ooze to 10.2 kg/m2 in terrigenous-siliceous ooze sediments. Nodule grade and growth rates are positively correlated only up to 10 mm/My (million years), and grade shows no distinct relationship with abundance. Relationships between the morphochemical characteristics of the nodules and host sediment types are subtle. Both hydrogenetic and diagenetic nodules (with smooth and rough surfaces respectively) occur on almost all sediments, but in variable proportions. Thus, the overall distribution pattern shows that small nodules (<4-cm diameters) of lower grade (average value Ni+Cu+Co=1.21%) with smooth surfaces are more common on red clay, terrigenous, and terrigenous-siliceous ooze transition-zone sediments. By contrast, large nodules (>4-cm diameters) of higher grade (average value Ni+Cu+Co=1.80%) with rough surfaces are more prevalent on siliceous ooze, siliceous ooze-red clay, and calcareous ooze-red clay transition-zone sediments. This implies an enhanced supply of trace metals from pore waters to rough-surface nodules during early diagenesis. 相似文献