共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yu. F. Knizhnikov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):85-92
This paper examines the use of remote sensing imagery in the study of temporal environmental change, the author outlining the principles and methods of what is proposed here as a distinct subfield of “dynamic remote sensing.” Particular emphasis is placed on the use of “multitemporal” space imagery, either actual temporal composites or a series of individual heterochronous images arranged side-by-side to facilitate comparison, in the study of meteorology, oceanography, geomorphology, and hydrology. Applications of dynamic remote sensing are less widespread in socioeconomic disciplines. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1985, No. 4, pp. 7-13. 相似文献
2.
I. V. Garmiz 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):104-111
The basic principles behind a theory of scaling in cartography are outlined and illustrated with a large number of examples. The following levels of scaling are used in the transformation of “(objective) empirical systems of relationships” to “abstract systems of relationships” for the purpose of their graphic representation: nominal, ordinal, interval, proportional or ratio, and absolute. While the first four levels (nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio) are similar to those widely identified in the West, the absolute level represents what would be considered a special type of ratio scaling in Western practice. The paper includes criticism of certain graphic methods supposedly used by Western cartographers on maps employing the different levels of scaling (use of symbols differentiated by variations in internal structure, failure to correctly differentiate between interval, ratio, and absolute scaling, etc.). Measurement for mapping purposes should be based on careful analysis of the structure of relationships among the objects of mapping and on their preservation during numerical data transformations and graphic representation. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya geograficheskaya, geologicheskaya, 1986, No. 3, pp. 57-62. 相似文献
3.
Robert R. Hoffman 《国际地球制图》2013,28(2):3-13
In a previous article (Hoffman & Conway, 1989), we reviewed some of the available psychological research that pertains to remote sensing. We focused on two major problem areas: Research on the knowledge of expert interpreters of remotely‐sensed imagery, and research on the use of color in graphic displays. Here, we pursue one of the broad implications of the research ‐ that the field of remote sensing can benefit by incorporating research methods and ideas from experimental psychology. From the experimental psychology viewpoint, “remote sensing”; is actually a misnomer when used to denote a field or area of scientific inquiry. Remote perceiving, as a total process, depends not only on the technology of remote sensing, but also depends critically on the ability of humans to interpret remote sensing displays. This perspective is contrasted with traditional approaches to remote sensing. The discussion involves some ideas about the theoretical and methodological foundations of remote sensing as a unified science. 相似文献
4.
Yu. V. Trifonov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):283-296
This first installment in a series of papers extracted from a Soviet “manual” of remote sensing describes the design, operation, and payloads of the “Meteor” and “Meteor-Priroda” earth observation satellites-the latter as name given to “Meteor” satellites used for economic land-use studies, instead of their original meteorological applications. Issues such as orbit parameters, spatial resolution, scan width, and telemetry are also addressed. Translated from: Priroda Zemli iz kosmosa, A.P. Tishchenko and S.V. Viktorov, eds. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984, pp. 16-24. 相似文献
5.
A multiscalar approach to mapping soil-vegetation regions from remote sensing imagery is outlined, using the West Siberian Lowland as a study area. At an initial stage small-scale space imagery is used to identify extensive soil-vegetation regions which extend across nearly the entire Lowland. Subsequent analysis focuses on identification and mapping of increasingly smaller units. The dominant criteria used for image interpretation and regionalization vary at each particular level of analysis, changing from vegetation structure and density at the smallest scales to soil “hydromorphism” (waterlogging) and topographic affiliations for intermediate- and large-scale units. Hydromorphic indicators are stressed as most important overall. Translated from: Distantsionnyye issledovaniya rel'yefa Sibiri, A. L. Yanshin and V. N. Sharapov, eds. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985, pp. 51-58. 相似文献
6.
A. K. Suvorov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):301-306
A survey of the use of topologic concepts of space in map transofrmation supports the author's contention that so-called “transformed images” represent for the most part rather arbitrary distortions of conventional maps constructed in Euclidean space. This paper demonstrates how truly topologic images can be created “from scratch,” i.e., without manipulation of either the sizes or shapes of areal units on preexisting maps. Images created by quantitatively defining “graphic ratios” of areal units can thus be replicated by other cartographers with a minimum of subjectivity. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1984, No. 12, pp. 28-31. 相似文献
7.
A. A. Romashov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):319-326
The paper presents a series of guidelines, developed by the “Aerogeologiya” prospecting trust, for the use of remote sensing imagery in the study of oil-gas potential in remote areas of the USSR. These guidelines take into consideration both conventional oil-gas exploration strategies and the sequence typical of remote sensing research [from small-scale, general analysis, to large-scale detailed studies]. At present predominantly small-scale imagery is used for general reconnaissance, although instances where larger-scale images provide the basis for more specific investigations are also mentioned. A diagram demonstrates how remote sensing might be incorporated into the traditional framework of oil-gas exploration. Translated from: Kompleksnyye aerokosmicheskiye issledovaniya Sibiri, A. L. Yanshin and L. K. Zyat'kova, eds. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1984, pp. 33-40. 相似文献
8.
G. A. Nosenko 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):295-301
The author surveys the use of remote sensing imagery in the study of mass exchange in glaciers, i.e., glacier dynamics resulting from phase changes in the water which they contain. A program of research now underway at the Institute of Geography (USSR Academy of Sciences) in conjunction with the “Priroda” Remote Sensing Center (Moscow) focuses on improving methods of data collection and mapping of glacier dynamics from space imagery, and particularly on identifying natural glacioclimatic zones believed to represent specific mass exchange conditions or regimes. The boundary of glacier nourishment separating areas of accumulation and ablation represents a key glacioclimatic indicator of mass exchange on satellite imagery and aerial photography. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 5, pp. 26–31. 相似文献
9.
10.
L. N. Vasil'yev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):22-29
The paper surveys the development of “space geography”–a field of knowledge applying the methods of remote sensing, the physical sciences, and mathematics in the solution of geographic problems. Early advances featured methodological improvements (use of quantitative methods in image processing), whereas future research must focus upon perfecting our knowledge of: (a) relationships underlying the use of these methods, i.e., between environmental parameters and reflectance values, (b) methods of effectively combining different types of imagery, and image products and field work, in research, and (c) appropriate quantitative indices for feature recognition. Examples of the operationalization of such concerns are demonstrated for land-use and soil mapping projects. Translated from: Izvestiya, AN SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1985, No. 5, pp. 110–116. 相似文献
11.
We review recent psychological research that pertains to remote sensing, with a focus on two major problem areas: The problem of eliciting and characterizing the knowledge of expert interpreters of remotely‐sensed data, and the problem of how to best utilize color in remote sensing displays. This research has immediate relevance to many remote sensing activities, but it also has broader implications. One general implication is that experimental psychology offers concepts and research methods that can be of benefit to the field of remote sensing. It is possible to discover the principles involved in the design of “good”; remote sensing displays, and the design of methods for teaching novices how to interpret remote sensing displays. A second broad implication of the psychological research is that remote sensing, as traditionally conceived, is actually just one part of a larger process of “remote perceiving.”; This idea is pursued in a second article (Hoffman, 1990), in which an attempt is made to characterize remote sensing as a unified science. 相似文献
12.
A. G. Repin 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):342-351
The article provides insights derived from conceptualization of the totality of elements (subsystems) of image interpretation as part of a larger system of scientific research. Among the elements discussed in some detail in terms of their impacts on the appearance of features interpreted on remote sensing imagery include solar radiation, the atmosphere, distinctive characteristics of the surface of the area being imaged, the remote sensors employed for image recording, processing techniques, the image medium, and the “human” element (interpreter). It then describes an evolutionary process in image interpretation by which knowledge gained in early stages represents an input leading to refinement of approaches employed in later stages. A final section describes factors contributing to dynamics (“scintillation” or “flickering”) of features on imagery of the same area but recorded at different times or under different imaging conditions. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, seriya geograficheskaya, 1993, No. 3, pp. 102-109. 相似文献
13.
In this study digital image processing for physiographic analysis and soil resource mapping of Solani watershed was carried
out using satellite remote sensing data and GIS. Digital image processing of satellite data facilitated in accurately delineating
and identifying various soil mapping units. The physiography of the study area is mainly influenced by denudational and colluvial
processes in the upper part and by sedimentation processes in the lower part. Topography of the land and nature of parent
material along with the time factor seemed to have played a vital role in the genesis of soils. Majority of the mapping units
are Typic Haplustepts with Entisols and Inceptisols being the major soil orders. The soils of the Siwalik hills experiences severe erosion, which prevents the maturation of
soil profile. The present study demonstrated that satellite remote sensing and GIS is a valuable tool for physiographic analysis
and soil resource mapping. 相似文献
14.
城中村是中国一类特殊的非正式居民区。本文从城中村的物理特点出发,采用景观语义指数描述复杂的城中村场景,提出基于景观语义指数的高分辨率遥感影像城中村提取方法,并采用“分类置信度-反馈”机制进行实际可操作的大范围城中村制图。以广州市核心城区为例,城中村检测的总体精度达到了90%以上。试验结果表明相对于传统的光谱、纹理特征,景观语义指数能够更好地描述城中村的根本形态特点,更准确的城中村提取。此外,“分类置信度-反馈”机制能够充分参考机器学习的分类概率,以有限的人工干预生产更加准确的城中村制图产品。因此,本文方法能够有效应用于大范围的城中村提取与制图。 相似文献
15.
K. A. Salishchev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):167-174
The author defines cartographic space, i.e., the space encompassed by geographic maps, as the entire “geographic” envelope. Maps as spatial models of the concrete three-dimensional space of this envelope [increasingly this space is viewed as four-dimensional, when the element of time is included] depict geosystems of various levels and complexity and serve as an essential basis for analyzing their properties, internal processes, and relationships. The author argues against divorcing the study of cartographic space from an understanding of the content of the objects being mapped, and critically evaluates positions of other Soviet and East European cartographers on the “dual role” of the cartographic space of maps. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1986, No. 2, pp. 3-9. 相似文献
16.
A. S. Alekseyev S. T. Vas'kov V. N. Dement'yev B. K. Kozhevnikov E. G. Mikhal'tsov V. P. Pyatkin 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):307-310
The authors describe the structure and operations of a special Center for Geographic Information [digital image] Processing, now being established in support of the “Sibir” “program—a comprehensive research project on applications of remote sensing in Siberian resource development undertaken by the Siberian section of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Translations of related papers on technical aspects of image processing, also products of the program's research, will appear in subsequent installments of Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing. Translated from: Metody kompleksnykh aerokosmicheskikh issledovaniy Sibiri, edited by L. K. Zyat'kova. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985, pp. 57-60. 相似文献
17.
A review of Soviet research describes methods of combining remote sensing and geodetic data in cartometric data bases—for the purposes of compiling more detailed and accurate “three-dimensional” terrain maps. The major objective is to provide, by means of photogrammetric techniques employing stereopairs or series of overlapping images, elevational data on selective key geomorphological points (along structure lines, summits of ridges, valley bottoms, etc.) which can be used to supplement (or replace) data obtained for the control points of a rectangular grid. Creation of digital models from these “geomorphological” points provides more accurate three-dimensional terrain maps. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1986, No. 6, pp. 56-64. 相似文献
18.
V. I. Kravtsova 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):169-178
This paper outlines some principles believed necessary for the establishment of integrated collections of remote sensing imagery, including, at the national level, a unified state image repository for the USSR. A multi-criterion classification of imagery is introduced, which provides a framework for structuring such a repository, and a number of measures for evaluating the utility of imagery within it are described. One of the latter is “geographic” resolution (levels of image detail), which provides a relatively straightforward indication of the type of geographic information embedded within particular types of remote sensing imagery. Translated by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1988, No. 6, pp. 53-62. 相似文献
19.
Procedures for mapping the soil-vegetation structure of West Siberia on the basis of remote sensing images are described. Four principal stages are involved: interpretation of individual structures on the images; determination of the functions of the interpreted structures; classification of soil-vegetation structures; and mapping of the territory by types of soil-vegetation structures (micro-, meso- and microstructures). Particular attention is given to detection of soil-vegetation hydromorphism using remote sensing imagry, important in the swampy Western Siberian environment, and the special problems related to image scale. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1990, No. 1, pp. 138–145. 相似文献
20.
A paper describing activities of the Laboratory of Remote Sensing Methods at Moscow University presents a chronology of the Laboratory's efforts to improve sensor capabilities for acquiring remote sensing data and to develop more effective image processing techniques. Among the accomplishments cited are early advances in sensor system design and photochemical processing in conjunction with “Salyut” orbital station activities, multispectral imaging experiments in conjunction with high-resolution space photography from the Soyuz-12 (1973) and Soyuz-22 (1976) missions, testing of the first high-resolution Soviet (“Fragment”) scanner imagery (1984), and ongoing work in digital and applied image processing. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovsskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1987, No. 2, pp. 27-31. 相似文献