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1.
The work of a recent Soviet geodetic surveying expedition to the Central Arctic and the Barents Sea off Franz Josef Land is described, with an emphasis on gravimetric surveying and determination of gravimetric control points at the North Pole and at two drifting polar research stations. In addition, glacier fields of Alexander Land (Franz Josef Land) were mapped and keys for their interpretation on space imagery identified. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1988, No. 3, pp. 9-12.  相似文献   

2.
A Siberian geographer explores real and potential applications of remote sensing imagery in research on geosystem dynamics. Four different methodological approaches to the analysis of geosystem dynamics are identified and described: comparison of heterochronous and seasonal imagery, geosystem forecasting and reconstruction based on image analysis, determination of current state and extant geosystem trends, analysis of linkages and interactions among geosystem components. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1992, No. 4, pp. 140-146.  相似文献   

3.
The authors describe how remote sensing imagery may be employed in the zonation and mapping of the alluvial fans of the Fergana Basin, USSR. Settlement patterns depicted on these maps can then be analyzed by planners and civil defense personnel with a view toward minimizing risks posed by natural hazards endemic to alluvial fans: mudflows and other seismically triggered mass movements. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 3, pp. 50-55.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT

The climate in southern Iceland has warmed over the last 70 years, resulting in accelerated glacier dynamics at the Solheimajoküll glacier. In this study, we compare glacier terminus locations from 1973 to 2018, to changes in climate across the study area, and we derive ice-surface velocities (2015–2018) from satellite remote-sensing imagery (Sentinel-1) using the offset-tracking method. There have been two regional temperature trends in the study period: cooling (1973–1979) and warming (1980–2018). Our results indicate a time lag of about 20 years between the onset of glacier retreat (?53 m/year since 2000) and the inception of the warming period. Seasonally, the velocity time series suggest acceleration during the summer melt season since 2016, whereas glacier velocities during accumulation months were constant. The highest velocities were observed at high elevations where the ice-surface slope is the steepest. We tested several scenarios to assess the hydrological time response to glacier accelerations, with the highest correlations being found between one and 30 days after the velocity estimates. Monthly correlation analyses indicated inter-annual and intra-annual variability in the glacier dynamics. Additionally, we investigate the linkage between glacier velocities and meltwater outflow parameters as they provide useful information about internal processes in the glacier. Velocity estimates positively correlate with water level and negatively correlate with water conductivity between April and August. There is also a disruption in the correlation trend between water conductivity and ice velocity in June, potentially due to a seasonal release of geothermal water.  相似文献   

5.
The author outlines, in diagrammatic form, a procedure for the joint use of old maps (topographic, land survey, etc.) and current space imagery to compile maps of environmental change. The ancient maps reveal land use and physical conditions which serve as a benchmark for evaluation of subsequent change. Space imagery is useful both in updating the current state of the environment and providing a cartographic base for the preparation of final maps. Selected areas of Moscow Oblast are used as test sites. Translated from: Izvestiya vuzov, Geodeziya i aerofotos' yem-ka, 1985, No. 1, pp. 104-109.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
The authors describe how remote sensing imagery can be employed in the identification of different types of chernozem soils in a predominantly agricultural zone (forest steppe), where natural vegetation (normally one of the best vegetation indicators) has been largely displaced by farm fields. A multi-stage methodology is outlined whereby small-scale imagery is used to delineate large regions of similar bioclimatic-geologic characteristics, from which areas of similar soil formation conditions are distinguished. Multispectral and multitemporal space imagery then is employed to detect less salient ecological-soil differences that can affect phototone and image texture. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp 103–109.  相似文献   

8.
The first of two papers devoted to the analysis and mapping of river channels and floodplains describes Soviet work in the photogrammetric and cartometric analysis of floodplain morphology based on remote sensing imagery. The emphasis of the present paper is on the creation of digital terrain models for the automated measurement and mapping of floodplain features. Considerable attention is focused upon analysis of indicators of channel and floodplain dynamics (channel deposition, bankside erosion, meanders) appearing on aerial photographs. The results of channel analyses based on aerial photographic and field methods (determinations of channel width, depth, etc.) are compared for a test site. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1986, No. 4, pp. 51-57.  相似文献   

9.
A brief review paper focuses on Soviet strategies for the use of space imagery, particularly photographic products (1:2,000,000 to 1:4,200,000 scale) from manned spaceflights, in the revision of small-scale general reference maps. Principles for the interpretation and mapping of basic map elements appearing on space photographs are outlined. Space photographs provide for reduction in time spent in map editing and the more correct analysis of the reliability of information and its generalization. A technology of map revision based on the joint use of original photographs and photomaps, with the transfer of revisions from photomaps to map originals, is proposed. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 8, pp. 29-33.  相似文献   

10.
This paper provides a broad overview of current Soviet applications of remote sensing in the performance of forest inventories and related valuational studies, and in the production of derivative thematic maps—in particular, the photostatistical method of forest inventory based on interactive computer-assisted interpretation of satellite imagery and large-scale air photos. The ultimate future objective is the formation of a unified remote sensing-geographic information system for forest management and inventory purposes that will encompass the entire forested area of the country. Advances in the use of satellite imagery in the monitoring of forest fires, insect infestations, and rangeland deterioration have also been made since the late 1970s. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 4, pp. 30–36.  相似文献   

11.
The authors explore a wide range of applications of remote sensing methods in the study of natural hazards posed by exogenous geomorphologic processes in areas of predominantly calcareous and shale-based rock in mountainous portions of Dagestan. Space imagery, air photographs, and ground truth established from field observations provides the basis for the mapping of environmental conditions with an emphasis on the extent to which mass movements and other exogenous geomorphologic processes pose natural hazards to human residence and economic activity. Translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906 from: Geomorfologiya, 1993, No. 4, pp. 26-35.  相似文献   

12.
A method of complex image processing, i.e., the simultaneous use of various kinds of remote sensing imagery in the mapping and study of geographic features, is outlined. It features the use of computerized techniques (a) to identify shots or frames of auxiliary types of imagery containing the same specific geographic features identified on the principal type of imagery [this through the scanning of code lines containing information about the coordinates of imaging, flight direction and altitude of the plane or sensing platform, etc.], and (b) to precisely locate the features of interest within these shots or frames. Translated from: Izvestiya vysshykh uchebnykh zavededeniy, Geodeziya i aerofotos'yemka, 1986, No. 1, pp. 86–91.  相似文献   

13.
Applications of remote sensing in the study of soils of Belarus' are investigated. The focus is upon ascertaining relationships between phototone of cultivated soils and various soil characteristics (humus content, texture, etc.); upon ensuring the best times for imaging; on the revision of existing soil maps from remote sensing imagery; and on determinations of humus content from spectral reflectance values. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: G. V. Dobrovol'skiy and V. L. Andronikov, eds., Aerokosmicheskiye metody v pochvovedenii i ikh ispol'zovaniye v sel'skom khozyaystve: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Remote Sensing Methods in Soil Science and Their Utilization in Agriculture: A Collection of Scientific Works]. Moscow: Nauka, 1990, pp. 109–116.  相似文献   

14.
An image interpretation technique known as “indicational analysis” is applied to engineering geomorphology–i.e., image characteristics visible on remote sensing imagery are used to infer (indicate) the presence of features that are not directly visible. In this case the identification of particular relief forms provides a basis for inferring the level of risk posed by geomorphological hazards to major construction projects such as railroads, pipelines, and highways. A key aspect of the procedure is a multiscalar approach, in which different components of the overall store of information brought to bear on a problem are obtained at different levels of interpretation. Translated from: Geomorfologiya, 1987, No. 2, pp. 35–42.  相似文献   

15.
塔里木盆地周边地区泥石流灾害的遥感分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本文以MSS图像和TM图像为基本信息源,从影响泥石流灾害形成的自然要素,如地质（岩性、构造）、地形地貌、植被、水文（河流、冰川、雪被）、地面物质组成以及泥石流沟的遥感判读入手,结合气象资料分析,对塔里木盆地周边地区泥石流灾害的类型、分布状况、孕育和诱发条件进行探讨,进一步对该区泥石流灾害发育程度进行区划,并对危险区进行预测。  相似文献   

16.
This study is devoted to testing the general applicability of radar imagery in vegetation analysis, and, in particular, to determining the potential of radar images obtained for different seasons. In plains areas intermediate-scale radar images are used to discriminate forests differing in age and stand productivity and to identify sectors where the tree stand has been partially destroyed. They also can be used as supplementary material in studying forest resources and in geological research in forested plains areas. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1989, No. 3, pp. 130–134.  相似文献   

17.
A Russian-American team of remote sensing researchers investigates the applications of active microwave (synthetic-aperture radar) imagery for estimation of water reserves in snowpack in the Western Sayan Range of East Siberia. Considerable attention is devoted to an explanation of the study's principal finding—that a fundamentally different statistical relationship exists between strength of the reflected radar signal and snow cover depth in open areas versus forested areas with high levels of canopy closure. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1999, No. 4, pp. 85-90.  相似文献   

18.
［35］Braun M,Rau F.Using a multi_year data archive of ERS SAR imagery for the monitoring of firn line positions and ablation patterns on the King George Island ice cap (Antarctica).The Workshop of EARSeL Special Interest Group:Remote Sensing of Land Ice and Snow.Dresden,2000(published on CD_Rom in 2001) ［36］Rau F,Braun M,Friedrich M,et al.Radar glacier zones and its boundaries as indicators of glacier mass balance and climatic variability.The Workshop of EARSeL Special Interest Group:Remote Sensing of Land Ice and Snow.Dresden,2000(published on CD_Rom in 2001) ［1］Bahr D B.Global distribution of glacier properties:A stochastic scaling paradigm.Water Resource Research,1997,33(7):1 669～1 679 ［2］Bahr D B,Meier M F.Snow patch and glacier size distributions.Water Resource Research,2000,36(2)：495～501 ［3］Braun M,Schneider C.Characteristics of summer energy balance on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,2000,31:179～183 ［4］Braun M,Rau F,Saurer H,et al.The development of radar glacier zones on the King George Island Ice Cap (Antarctica) during the Austral summer 1996～1997 as observed in ERS_2 SAR data.Annals of Glaciology,2000,31：357～363 ［5］Calvet J,Corbera J,Furada G.Variacion del frente glaciar en Bahia Sur y Punta Siddons entre 1956 y 1991,Isla Livingston,Islas Shetland del Sur.In: López_Martinez,J.: Geología de la Antártida Occidental.III Congreso Geológico de Espana y VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Geología,Salamanca,Espana,1992.283～292 ［6］Doake C S M,Vaughan D G.Rapid disintegration of the Wordie Ice Shelf in response to atmospheric warming.Nature,1991,350(6 316):328～330 ［7］Doake C S M,Corr H F J,Rott H,et al.Break_up and conditions for stability of the northern Larsen Ice Shelf,Antarctica.Nature,1998,391:778～780 ［8］Fox A J,Cooper A P R.Climate_change indicators from archival aerial photography of the Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:636～642 ［9］Harangozo S A,Colwell S R,King J C.An analysis of a 34_year air temperature record from Fossil Bluff (71° S,68° W),Antarctica.Antarctic Science,1997,9(3):355～363 ［10］Hulbe C L.Recent changes to Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves: what lessons have been learned? Natural Science,1997,1(6) ［11］Jones P D.Antarctic temperatures over the present century——a study of the early expedition record.Journal of Climate,1990,3:1 193～1 203 ［12］Kieffer H and 41 others.New eyes from the skye measure glaciers and ice sheets.EOS,2000,81(24):265,270～271 ［13］King J C.Recent climate variability in the vicinity of the Antarctic Peninsula.International Journal of Climatology,1994,14:357～369 ［14］King J C,Harangozo S A.Climate change in the western Antarctic Peninsula since 1945: observations and possible causes.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:571～575 ［15］Klser H,Arntz W E.RASCAL (RESEARCH on Antarctic Shallow Coastal and Litoral systems).Untersuchungen zur Struktur und Dynamik eines antarktischen Küstenjosystems.Polarforschung,1994,64(1):27～41 ［16］Klser H,Ferreyra G,Schloss I,et al.Hydrography of Potter Cove,a small fjord_like inlet in King George Island,South Shetands.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,1994,38：523～537 ［17］Lucchitta B K,Rosanova C E.Retreat of northern margins of George VI and Wilkins Ice Shelves,Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27：41～46 ［18］Morris E M.Surface ablation rates on Moraine Corrie Glacier,Antarctica.Global and Planetary Change,1999,22：221～231 ［19］Park B K,Chang S K,Yoon H I,et al.Recent retreat of ice cliffs,King George Island,South Shetland Islands,Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27：633～635 ［20］Rakusa_Suszczewski S.The maritime Antarctic coastal ecosystem of Admiralty Bay.Department of Antarctic Biology,Polish Academy of Sciences,Warsaw,1993.216 ［21］Rakusa_Suszczewski S.The hydrography of Admiralty Bay and its inlets,coves and lagoons (King George Island,Antarctica).Polish Polar Research,1995,16(1/2):61～70 ［22］Rau F,Braun M,Saurer H,et al.Multi_year snow cover dynamics on the Antarctic Peninsula using SAR imagery.Polarforschung,2000,67(1/2)：27～40 ［23］Rott H,Skvarca P,Nagler T.Rapid Collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf,Antarctica.Science,1996,271:788～792 ［24］Rott H,Rack W,Nagler T,et al.Climatically induced retreat and collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf,Antarctic Peninsula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:86～92 ［25］Skvarca P,Rack W,Rott H,et al.Evidence of recent climatic warming on the eastern Antarctic Penisnula.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:628～932 ［26］Simes J C,Bremer U F,Aquino F E,et al.Morphology and variations of glacial drainage basins in the King George Island ice field,Antarctica.Annals of Glaciology,1999,29:220～224 ［27］Smith A M,Vaughan D G,Doake C S M,et al.Surface lowering of the ice ramp at Rothera Point,Antarctic Peninsula,in response to regional climate change.Annals of Glaciology,1998,27:113～118 ［28］Smith R C,Stammerjohn S E,Baker K S.Surface air temperature variations in the western Antarctic Peninsula region.Antarctic Research Series,1996,70:105～121 ［29］Splettstoesser J.Antarctic Global Warming? Nature,1992,355(6 360):503 ［30］Stark P.Climatic warming in the central Antarctic Peninsula area.Weather,1994,49(6):215～220 ［31］Turner J,Colwel S R,Harangozo S.Variability of precipitation over the coastal western Antarctic Peninsula from synoptic observations.Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(D12):13 999～14 007 ［32］Warren C R.Iceberg calving and the glaciomarine record.Progress in Physical Geography,1992,16(3):253～282 ［33］Wunderle S.Die Schneedeckendynamik der Antarkische Halbinsel und ihre Erfassung mit aktiven und passiven Fernerkundungsverfahren.Freiburger Geographische Hefte,1996,48:172 ［34］Braun M,Saurer H,Vogt S,Simes J C,et al.The influence of large_scale atmospheric circulation on surface energy balance on the ice cap of King George Island.International Journal of Climatology,2001,21(1):21～36  相似文献   

19.
After a general discussion of principles of remote sensing indication and image recognition theory, the particular errors in this process are analyzed individually: errors in data recording; errors in automated image analysis; errors in interpretation of the content of geosystems; errors in the selection of interpretation keys; and finally errors in generalization and the extrapolation of results. The total error in geosystem indication from remote sensing imagery can be determined by an analysis of these particular errors. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1988, No. 4, pp. 98-107.  相似文献   

20.
The second of two reports on the use of space imagery in the interpretation of Antarctica's geologic structure applies interpretation procedures described in an earlier article (see Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing, 1985, No. 1) to produce a geologic map of a portion of the Antarctic Peninsula. Features identified on space imagery and depicted on the map include: a deep pericratonnal fault zone, a Mesozoic fold belt interrupted by a complex system of faults, and ring or annular structures of volcanic origin. Translated from: Antarktika, AN SSSR Mezhduve-domstvennaya komissiya po izucheniyu Antarktiki, Doklady komissii [USSR Academy of Sciences Joint Commission on Antarctic Research, Commission Report], No. 24. Moscow, 1985, pp. 43-49.  相似文献   

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