共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
S. A. Shavrov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):96-103
A procedure is described for the revision of digital maps in geographic information systems, the basis of which rests upon a “mutual and unambiguous correspondence” between a digital map and its structural (text or graphic) model(s). Rules of transference, editing, elimination, inclusion, and cross-referencing of names are elaborated for regulation of the processes by which non-digital (cartographic, air photo, statistical) sources of new information are used to transform digital information in the original data base. Revision of digital maps is accomplished through creation of a data base of digital corrections to an original data base and/or subsequent editing of digital map(s) from these corrections or others initiated during raster scanning. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 9, pp. 38-43. 相似文献
2.
A. A. Lyutyy 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):103-117
The author, head of the Department of Cartography at the Institute of Geography, analyzes the language of maps in terms of general semiotic principles. Using the similarity of processes in other language systems, he constructs a model of the language of maps that distinguishes two sublanguages, one reflecting the locational aspects of maps (coordinate grids, etc.), the other reflecting the map content. The discussion touches on the system of map symbols as a linguistic feature, analyzes the system of map language in terms of such linguistic features as vocabulary, grammar and syntax, and draws other analogies between the language of maps and other language systems. Translated from: Voprosy Geografii, No. 122/123, 1984, pp. 40-56. 相似文献
3.
I. S. Sergeyeva 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):38-50
An approach to the mapping of food supply and distribution problems over the world is outlined and, more specifically, a program for the mapping of geographic types of diet in tropical nations, using Africa as a test case. Among the new types of cartographic products are maps and “typograms” showing the distribution, quality, and structure of standard diets (“food types”) based on various combinations of food products derived from crop agriculture, animal husbandry, hunting and gathering, and fishing in diverse natural and cultural environments. Sources of information and design considerations for the various elements of map content are elaborated. Translated by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1989, No. 4, pp. 98–107. 相似文献
4.
何春秀 《测绘与空间地理信息》2021,44(1):207-209
随着互联网信息技术的飞速发展,电子化地图得到了广泛应用,高德地图、百度地图等互联网地图广泛应用于我们日常生活中,地图的美观性和设计感就决定了人们对它的第一印象。专题图作为一种集设计理念、空间信息于一体的地图产品,在很多场合中发挥着越来越大的作用。在制作专题地图中常常使用到的软件工具有ArcMap、CorelDRAW、Adobe Illustrator等,本文基于ArcMap进行专题图地图符号的设计,利用ArcMap专业地理信息的特性和强大的符号管理工具,对地图符号设计进行深入研究探索,发掘ArcMap对专题地图符号设计的潜力。 相似文献
5.
A. M. Berlyant 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):214-223
Principles and objectives governing Soviet thematic mapping of nearby planets are outlined, types of information sources for such mapping categorized, and the suitability of different types of information sources for thematic mapping are evaluated. This is followed by a classification of thematic planetary maps according to type. The need for a standardized, systems approach to the determination of map scales, compilation and generalization, symbolization, and map design is emphasized as an essential prerequisite for the development of complex atlases of individual planets, atlases of “comparative planetology,” and the establishment of “planetary information systems.” Translated by Jay Mitchell; PlanEcon, Inc.; Washington, DC 20005 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1987, No. 6, pp. 60-67. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTSocial, economic, and environmental statistical data associated with geographic points are currently globally available in large amounts. When conventional thematic maps, such as proportional symbol maps or point diagram maps, are used to represent these data, the maps appear cluttered if the point data volumes are relatively large or cover a relatively dense region. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new type of thematic map for statistical data associated with geographic points: the point grid map. In a point grid map, an input point data set is transformed into a grid in which each point is represented by a square grid cell of equal size while preserving the relative position of each point, which leads to a clear and uncluttered appearance, and the grid cells can be shaded or patterned with symbols or diagrams according to the attributes of the points. We present an algorithm to construct a point grid map and test it with several simulated and real data sets. Furthermore, we present some variants of the point grid map. 相似文献
7.
Maps are good at representing geographic space, but texts have a stronger affordance of telling a story than maps. Telling stories is, however, important to make information more personal and to arrest the map user's attention. This paper contrasts the map and the text media in order to understand why texts are good at telling a story but conventional maps are not. We demonstrate that, by a modification of maps, appropriate structural features of the text media can be transferred to maps, which makes them more suitable for telling stories. This new concept for map design can lead to new interaction possibilities and provide insights into how maps can be used more effectively. 相似文献
8.
I. N. Stezhenskaya 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):59-62
A paper describing the proceedings of a seminar on geographic information systems sponsored jointly by Tartu University and the USSR Academy of Sciences reveals major thrusts of Soviet research in this emerging field. Topics presented in the seminar include basic types of geographic information systems, the roles played by microcomputers and data base management systems in GIS, use of data from topographic maps in GIS, terrain modeling, remote sensing and GIS, GIS development based on Soviet-produced hardware and software, and the application of information systems in the solution of specific resource management problems. Translated from: Izvestiya AN SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1986, No. 1, pp. 136–138. 相似文献
9.
V. S. Tikunov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):33-42
The example of manufacturing levels in Japan's prefectures is used to illustrate the multivariate design of thematic maps. The author maps the differences of the results obtained from the implementation of various models and shows how geographic content affects the reliability of modeling. Some general conclusions are offered regarding ways of measuring the reliability of mathematical-cartographic models. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1983, No. 4, pp. 42-48. 相似文献
10.
随着网络的普及以及新型地图载体的出现,公众使用地理信息的需求越来越迫切。在公众版地图成果基础上叠加从不同尺度数据中提取的公开要素,形成系列公开地图产品的技术思路也已成熟。作为联系空间与非空间信息之间"桥梁"的地名,在地图中是必不可少的,在编制公开地图产品时迫切需要准确、便捷的地名服务系统。本文主要介绍了面向公开地图表示的地名数据集及地名服务系统的设计思路和功能实现,并对其关键技术及创新点进行分析。 相似文献
11.
阐述了广州市城市基础地理信息系统数据库组织设计原则及数据入库质量要求,介绍了基础地图数字化成图及入库方法,实现了基于MGE广州基础地理信息数据库的建设. 相似文献
12.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):313-320
AbstractThe potential of unclassed animated choropleth maps as a solution to false patterns of geographic change arising from data classification is investigated. Old concerns about unclassed choropleth maps may be mitigated through map interactivity that offers four advantages over traditional data legends, and previous insights from testing static choropleth maps do not necessarily translate to animated cartography. Data from user testing revealed unclassed animated choropleth maps neither help nor hurt the ability of map readers to understand patterns of geographic change. However, the unclassed map (1) appeared 'less jumpy' to participants and was perceived to run at a slower pace (despite running at the same number of frames per second), and (2) subtle geographic shifts (e.g., seasonal unemployment cycles) were more readily noticed on the unclassed maps. Preliminary results also suggest classed data emphasise stability over time – while their unclassed counterparts improve our ability to see changes. This paper also outlines animated simultaneous contrast as a new perceptual issue in the creation of animated choropleth maps. 相似文献
13.
《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):181-194
In the recent history of cartography, atlases deserve a prominent status among cartographic products due to the variety of their thematic content, the rather friendly appearance and their utilization by a wide spectrum of users. Advances in information technology, and more specifically in geographic information systems and digital mapping, have altered the fundamental way of using maps, and thus they have a major impact on every aspect of electronic atlas design and development. Although considerable effort has been made towards the production of electronic atlases, and successful systems are available, there are still a number of factors that must be considered towards the improvement of their design and functional characteristics. This paper elaborates on those factors and suggests a specific approach toward the design and development of electronic atlases, particularly electronic statistical atlases. This approach has been used for the development of the Statistical Atlas of the European Union (STATLAS_EU), which is intended to provide a user-friendly resource for statistical analysis. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACTDot maps have become a popular way to visualize discrete geographic data. Yet, beyond showing how the data are spatially distributed, dot maps are often visually cluttered in terms of consistency, overlap, and representativeness. Existing clutter reduction techniques like jittering, refinement, distortion, and aggregation also address this issue, but do so by arbitrarily displacing dots from their exact location, removing dots from the map, changing the spatial reference of the map, or reducing its level of detail, respectively. We present BinSq, a novel visualization technique to compare variations in dot density patterns without visual clutter. Based on a careful synthesis of existing clutter reduction techniques, BinSq reduces the wide variety of dot density variations on the map to a representative subset of density intervals that are more distinguishable. The subset is derived from a nested binning operation that introduces order and regularity to the map. Thereafter, a dot prioritization operation improves the representativeness of the map by equalizing visible data values to correspond with the actual data. In this paper, we describe the algorithmic implementation of BinSq, explore its parametric design space, and discuss its capabilities in comparison to six existing clutter reduction techniques for dot maps. 相似文献
15.
A. M. Berlyant 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):175-188
The history of the joint use of maps and air photos/space imagery in geographic problem solving is examined, as are general problems which must be addressed before more complete consolidation of map use and image interpretation methods will be possible. The relatively new field of geoiconics, encompassing image theory, processing, and interpretation, is proposed as a branch of knowledge promoting the integration of cartography and remote sensing rather than a megafield that will ultimately replace them. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 4, pp. 11-22. 相似文献
16.
The authors describe a procedure for the compilation of maps of the avalanche hazard in high-mountain regions of Afghanistan. The basic sources of information include space imagery (photographs and scanner imagery), weather station data, and other geographic information on relief, elevation, location of moisture sources, etc. The methodology features the compilation of series of increasingly more specific and informative maps and graphs regarding the avalanche hazard: terrain types, snow cover depth and seasonal extent, duration of snow cover and its elevational zonation, snow as a factor in avalanche formation, and summary map of avalanche hazard. Translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906 from: Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovaniy, 1991, No. 71, pp. 86–93. 相似文献
17.
Abstract A method of analyzing remotely sensed data, a geographic information system, and an intelligent fire management system have been developed to provide integrated resource data for fire and other resources management. Natural and cultural features were digitized from 1:50,000 topographic maps using a geographic information system (GIS) to cover the 29 communities below the tree line in the western Canadian Arctic. Landsat Thematic Mapper data covering the same area were classified into land cover or fuel types. Detailed information on each fire such as location, area burned, date of discovery, fire number, fire zone, fire class and source of ignition was obtained and added to each map sheet as attribute data. A generalized vegetation cover map using NOAA AVHRR data was also obtained. The Intelligent Fire Management Information System (IFMIS) integrates relational data bases, geographic information display, and expert systems. It also has a spatial analysis procedure for forest fire preparedness planning. Linking the weather to the forest fuels through the Fire Weather Index system (FWI) and the Fire Behaviour Prediction System (FBPS), fire danger and fire behaviour are calculated and displayed, cell‐by‐cell. Values‐at‐risk and fire suppression resources are used in the dispatching and planning component of the system. The planning component allows the user to evaluate the coverage of fire suppression resources under the prevalent forecast fire behaviour conditions. Through the integration of data from the above systems, a set of maps were created which were used to analyze fire behaviour potential, identify fire hazards, and provide a basis for settlement protection strategies within the context of other land use activities such as wildlife harvesting and recreational activities. 相似文献
18.
针对地图图片中典型地理目标识别问题,本文首先介绍了两种基于深度学习的目标检测方法(YOLO网络和采用focal loss替换交叉熵损失函数的RetinaNet网络),然后将地图图片分别输入两种神经网络模型中进行训练和测试,最后对目标检测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,RetinaNet网络模型对地图图片进行目标检测的准确率有明显提高,且运行速度依然可达秒级。该地理目标检测方法的高准确度与高效性可在地图审查时节约大量人力、时间成本,为地图内容智能理解及互联网地图监管提供了新的技术参考。 相似文献
19.
Human conceptions of spaces: Implications for GIS 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The way people conceptualize space is an important consideration for the design of GIS, because a better match with people's thinking is expected to lead to easier-to-use information systems. Everyday space, the basis to GIS, has been characterized in the literature as being either small-scale (from table-top to room-size spaces) or large-scale (inside-of-building spaces to city-size spaces). While this dichotomy of space is grounded in the view from psychology that people's perception of space, spatial cognition, and spatial behaviour are experience-based, it is in contrast to current GIS, which enable us to interact with large-scale spaces as though they were small-scale or manipulable. We analyse different approaches to characterizing spaces and propose a unified view in which space is based on the physical properties of manipulability, locomotion, and size of space. Within the structure of our framework, we distinguish six types of spaces: manipulable object space (smaller than the human body), non-manipulable object space (greater than the human body, but less than the size of a building), environmental space (from inside-of-building spaces to city-size spaces), geographic space (state, country, and continent-size spaces), panoramic space (spaces perceived via scanning the landscape), and map space. Such a categorization is an important part of Naive Geography, a set of theories on how people intuitively or spontaneously conceptualize geographic space and time, because it has implications for various theoretical and methodological questions concerning the design and use of spatial information tools. Of particular concern is the design of effective spatial information tools that lead to better communication. 相似文献
20.
V. S. Tikunov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):313-319
The author raises several questions about the use of systems and quantitative approaches as a basis for a universal theory of cartography. In particular, he emphasizes that reliance on these approaches does not substitute for knowledge of specific properties of the objects of mapping (derived from the methods of the individual sciences) or of fundamental principles of map design. Mathematical-cartographic modeling, which uses draft maps as a means of comparing mathematical models with reality and thus for evaluating each stage in the modeling procedure, is advocated as a means for integrating diverse approaches in thematic cartography. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1987, No. 2, pp. 147-152. 相似文献