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1.
K. A. Salishchev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):14-19
This article, based on a presentation to the All-Union Conference on Cartography in the Era of the Scientific and Technological Revolution in November 1987, contains an eminent Soviet cartographer's evaluation of the state and development of Soviet cartography and his impressions concerning the tasks which lie ahead over the era of economic restructuring and social change. Translated from: Izvestiya Akademli Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1988, No. 3, pp. 17-21 by Jay K. Mitchell, PlanEcon, Inc., Washington, DC 20005. 相似文献
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Ye. Ye. Shiryayev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):279-284
The author, in response to a critical review of his book on automation in cartography by K. A. Salishchev (see preceding article), defends his ideas on “raster digitizing” (proposed as only one of several approaches to cartographic automation) by documenting the need for a certain level of uniformity in the storage and presentation of information. In the process he continues a debate on the theoretical basis that should govern the development of automated cartography that occupied the entire “Cartography” section of the May 1986 issue of Geodeziya i kartografiya. In a preface to the section, the editorial board of the Soviet journal emphasized that there is no single, universally accepted position on standards for automating cartography or on the ultimate role automation should play in the discipline as a whole. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 5, pp. 38–43. 相似文献
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T. A. Vorob'yeva V. S. Polivanov Ye. B. Pospelova Yu. G. Simonov I. R. Spektor 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):111-119
General issues in the organization of geographic information systems are examined, with some examples pertaining to GIS in agricultural planning and production management. Two initial sections explore both theoretical and practical challenges involved in the development of GIS in the Soviet Union. Then the specifications of a suitable GIS in agriculture are outlined based on principles elaborated earlier, with specific proposals on how to overcome the numerous significant difficulties involved in its implementation. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1989, No. 4, pp. 3–10. 相似文献
4.
A report by Soviet delegates to the 15th Congress of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing provides a forum for a Soviet assessment of foreign achievements in the practical application of remote sensing in various fields of economic activity, particularly oil and gas exploration, prospecting for metallic minerals, forestry, and oceanography. Special emphasis is given to digital image processing for land-use classification, a field in which Soviet researchers are becoming increasingly involved. The Congress is described as contributing greatly to the development of common data processing methodologies and the exchange of information and opinions on common problems. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1985, No. 4, pp. 53-58. 相似文献
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AbstractThe volume of this Review which has just been completed commenced with a memoir of the first Editor, the late Captain G. T. McCaw, C.M.G., O.B.E., M.A., who died in October 1942, and, in view of his great services to the Review and to the survey world in general, it is thought to be not in-appropriate that this, the first number of a new volume, should contain a list of his contributions to the Review. The power and versatility that they display are remarkable. 相似文献
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This paper outlines, from the Soviet perspective, technical principles for the use of remote sensing imagery in mapping, with special emphasis on the compilation of small-scale space photomaps—composite map-space images in which the thematic detail of a photographic image is enhanced and/or supplemented by cartographic techniques. Two systems for producing such images, one Soviet and the other East German, are compared and a series of basic procedures identified—production of orthographic images, compilation of a terrain model and original image of relief, stereoplotting of contours on an orthophotographic base, and overall map design. A concluding section explores potential applications of space photomaps in geographic research. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1986, No. 1, pp. 49-56. 相似文献
8.
A review article on world bathymetric mapping activity over the last quarter century from a Soviet perspective provides information about Soviet mapping programs of the deep sea and continental shelf. In addition, it addresses a number of methodological issues in bathymetric mapping which are attributed to the lag between advances in practical mapping activity and the development of cartographic theory—the selection of isobath intervals and appropriate scales for different sea floor features and intended map uses, and the proper use of layer tinting and other graphic techniques to depict variations in water depth without obscuring details of submarine topography. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya 7 [geologiya, geografiya], 1987, No. 2, pp. 62-71. 相似文献
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A second installment in a series of papers describing the technical basis for Soviet remote sensing from space focuses on the multispectral scanners of the “Meteor-Priroda” series of earth observation satellites. Designs of the various models are provided, as well as explanations of how such tasks as band separation, signal formation, and telemetry are performed. Translated from: Priroda Zemli iz kosmosa, A. P. Tishchenko and S. V. Viktorov, eds. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984, pp. 25-25-34. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(85):301-306
AbstractThe name of Bligh will for all time be associated with the incident of the Bounty Mutiny during his first mission of transporting the Bread Fruit to the West Indies. This was, however, but one episode in his eventful career in the Royal Navy. At various times he took part in scientific expeditions and voyages of discovery, commanded fighting ships, etc. Between 1797 and 1803 he fulfilled the duty of hydrographic surveyor and carried out a number of surveys of limited areas in the British Isles and adjacent coasts of Europe. These examinations, of which the River Humber, Dublin Bay, Dungeness and the mouth of the River Schelde are the most detailed, were valuable additions to hydrographic knowledge, coming as they did before organized surveying as we know it today had fully established itself. 相似文献
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Yu. V. Trifonov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):283-296
This first installment in a series of papers extracted from a Soviet “manual” of remote sensing describes the design, operation, and payloads of the “Meteor” and “Meteor-Priroda” earth observation satellites-the latter as name given to “Meteor” satellites used for economic land-use studies, instead of their original meteorological applications. Issues such as orbit parameters, spatial resolution, scan width, and telemetry are also addressed. Translated from: Priroda Zemli iz kosmosa, A.P. Tishchenko and S.V. Viktorov, eds. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1984, pp. 16-24. 相似文献
13.
A. Y. Levintanus 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(1):83-84
The author describes the contents and participation of former Soviet republics in the compilation of a global atlas of desertification, published under the auspices of the United Nations. Translated by H. L. Haslett, Leamington Spa, UK, from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1991, No. 6, p. 130. 相似文献
14.
The authors describe the principles and method used in compiling a map of game animal resources for the Midlands region, the name given to the middle segment of the Soviet Union comprising West Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The results make it possible to recommend the optimal use of game resources and to identify future prospects of the trapping and hunting economy. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1982, No. 5, pp. 17-23. 相似文献
15.
A method for the compilation of 1:3,000,000-scale maps of natural nival-glacial phenomena is proposed for an area of the High Pamir Range in Soviet Central Asia. Such maps depict the distribution, frequency and intensity/magnitude, and potential impacts of such natural hazards as avalanches, mudslides, “dirty snow” avalanches (combined avalanches-mudslides in late spring), icings (naledy), and glacier pulsations, and are used in the planning of construction and the maintenance of roads and other transportation corridors during winter and spring. Hypothetical examples of the use of the maps are provided. Translated from: Materialy glyatsiologicheskikh issledovanly, USSR Geophysical Committee Publication No. 55. Moscow: Mezhduvedomstvenniy geofizicheskiy komitet, 1986, pp. 213–219. 相似文献
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M. M. Romanovskaya 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):331-337
General principles underlying the study of spatial inequality are outlined from a Soviet perspective before more specific coverage of guidelines for its portrayal in cartographic form. Questions addressed in the development of a center-periphery model for isarithmic mapping of socioeconomic differences in Hungary include selection of appropriate indices and samplings of data points for mapping, and methods for data normalization and comparison. Examples of both aggregate and more narrowly focused maps of living conditions are included. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1985, No. 4, pp. 68-74. 相似文献
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B. N. Morozov 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):262-266
The author, in a review of papers presented at the First All-Union Conference on the Geography and Mapping of the Oceans, outlines the present status and current trends of marine cartography in the USSR. Issues warranting increased attention include development of a systems approach for the mapping of marine ecosystems; improvement of methods and principles for the mapping of coastal zones, bottom relief, and shelf topography; and accelerated production of economic/resource maps of the oceans. Work now underway on a comprehensive, multi-volume A tlas of the Oceans reflects a Soviet concern with these issues. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1984, No. 12, pp. 38-42. 相似文献
18.
The authors describe common Soviet practice in the making of false-color composite imagery for visual interpretation. Also addressed are standard image interpretation techniques: figure-ground color contrast, color separation (number of color gradations occurring within an average contrast range), and so-called landscape indicator techniques. Related issues, such as selection of spectral bands and filters for specific interpretation tasks, and the changing reflectance characteristics of band-specific intermediate images, receive attention as well. Tables and figures illustrating relationships between photographic contrast, film contrast ratings, optical densities, and spectral bands are included. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1985, No. 4, pp. 41-46. 相似文献
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N. L. Beruchashvili 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(2):157-158
In a review of one of the fundamental Russian works on geographic information systems, the author provides an interesting glimpse into the development of GIS and GIS training in Russia and other former Soviet republics (most notably, Georgia). Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1992, No. 3, pp. 171-172. 相似文献
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A. M. Berlyant 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(3):214-223
Principles and objectives governing Soviet thematic mapping of nearby planets are outlined, types of information sources for such mapping categorized, and the suitability of different types of information sources for thematic mapping are evaluated. This is followed by a classification of thematic planetary maps according to type. The need for a standardized, systems approach to the determination of map scales, compilation and generalization, symbolization, and map design is emphasized as an essential prerequisite for the development of complex atlases of individual planets, atlases of “comparative planetology,” and the establishment of “planetary information systems.” Translated by Jay Mitchell; PlanEcon, Inc.; Washington, DC 20005 from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1987, No. 6, pp. 60-67. 相似文献