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1.
利用最大形状恢复力可达７００ＭＰａ的钛镍形状记忆合金研制了一种新型的静态破岩机．这种破岩机由预压过的钛镍合金棒和一对双层楔形钢板构成，它除了加热装置外无需其它辅助设施。为了研究该破岩机的性能，用花岗岩和混凝土试件进行了室内试验并以位移非连续法（ＤＤＭ）完成了数值计算分析。结果证明，该破岩机性能良好并可控制裂纹的起始和扩展方向。 相似文献
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华南海岸沙丘岩的特征及其与海滩岩的区别 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
沙丘岩是热带亚热带的一种特殊的岩石类型，尽管外貌相似，但它们成因和特征上有别于海滩岩。作者通过对西沙石岛、海南岛文昌和临高、广东阳江青洲岛、汕头广澳等处具一定代表性的沙丘岩的研究，总结了沙丘岩的沉积学、岩石学特征及其与海滩岩的区别。华南沙丘岩由岛屿上的灰砂和含生物碎屑的海岸风成沙丘物质胶结而成。分布高程可达＋６０ｍ以上，岩石中发育板状交错层理、大型槽状交错层理、上凸层理、似水平层理以及根管构造；其物质来源与海滩砂具继承关系，兼具风成砂的特点，部分沙丘岩还混有坡积物及陆生生物壳体。沙丘岩的颗粒多为中砂粒径，普遍分选好，（ＳＫ１）偏度变化比较大，ＫＧ峰度较小，Ｙ１值为负值，与海滩砂、海滩岩差别较大。沙丘岩中发育各种淡水渗流环境中特有的胶结物和胶结组构。虽然沙丘岩与现代海滩岩相比，其Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ｓｒ元素的含量及比例不同，但可以完全与上升海滩岩相似。本文作者认为:辨别沙丘岩主要从产状、沉积构造、粒度分析、胶结物及组构诸方面进行研究。 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程黄河－漳河渠段晚经三纪粘土岩具有膨胀性，易吸水软化，失水干裂，强度较低，属极软岩石。其膨胀性，抗压强度、抗剪强度与天然干密度有着密切的关系，天然干密度随粘粒含量的变化而变化，是粘土岩工程的内在原因，应用天然干密度为１－６ｇ／ｃｍ＾３，可粗略评价土岩的某睦工程地质特征。 相似文献
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概述了一个较特殊的纠偏工程实例。在同一个整板基础上的建造的一幢４单元５层楼房,东西各２个单元,中间设６ｃｍ伸缩缝,建成后,东部２单元向东倾斜２２ｃｍ,并向南倾斜４．５ｃｍ,而西部２单元未发生任何沉降,亦无倾斜。采用加固基础,断开整板,倾斜钻孔掏土纠偏和纠偏后加固等措施,获得了良好的纠偏加固效果。 相似文献
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初期支护对软岩隧道围岩稳定性和位移影响分析 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：12
软弱岩体隧道开挖后,围岩变形具有异常显著的流变性。基于Poyting-Thomoson模型,对隧道围岩位移进行了粘弹性解析分析,根据所得出的解析解,结合渝（重庆）沙（长沙）高速公路石龙隧道位移监控量测实践,对初期支护后隧道围岩变形特征量进行了分析对比,结果表明,理论曲线能较好地反映围岩实际位移变化特征。最后通过将支护前后围岩受力状态与单轴和三轴应力状态岩石蠕变进行类比,得知初期支护在一定程度上减小了围岩的最终变形量,可以有效地抑制隧道围岩的变形速率。其结果为确定合理的二次支护时机提供了理论依据,对同类隧道的施工支护具有很好的指导意义和较高的参考价值。 相似文献
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低孔低渗储层测井解释方法研究──以陕甘宁盆地中部气田上古生界求孔隙度、渗透率为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文论述了陕甘宁盆地中部气田上古生界测井解释方法，提出二叠系石盒子组与山两组砂岩包括石英砂岩和岩屑砂岩两部分，前部分岩石的骨架参数Ｐｍａ＝２．６５８ｇ／ｃｍ３，△ｔｍａ＝１８２μｓ／ｍ，后部分的Ｐｍａ＝２．７ｇ／ｃｍ３，△ｔｍａ＝１６４μｓ／ｍ；计算孔隙度用密度、声波孔隙度最小值及地区经验方程两种方法，其中以密度、声波时差孔隙度最小值为最佳，其公式为中Φ＝ｍｉｎ（ΦＤ，ΦＳ）；计算渗透率用粒度中值、岩石比面和束缚水三种方法，其中以粘度中值，孔隙度与自然伽玛相对值回归方程效果最佳，其公式为：上述研究成果已通过６６口井的验证，效果良好。 相似文献
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介绍了在浅海施工直径２．２０ｍ嵌岩桩的技术问题。包括平台的搭设，用刮刀钻头与牙轮钻头钻进克取硬岩一次成孔工艺，利用冲洗液平衡原理处理浅海钻进护简断裂的成孔方法，改进浇灌清孔流程，保证浇灌质量。 相似文献
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本文从电流场与渗流场相似入手，从理论上进行探讨，用类比的方法剖析相关量的物理含义及其量纲的类型，把视电阻率与渗透系数作为相关量，讨论二者间的关系规律，提出用平均视电阻率来研究和计算渗透系数的方法，实践证明吴家营水源地灰岩含水层渗透系数（Ｋ）与平均视电阻率（ρｓｍ）之间具有一定的相关关系且符合理论模型，而且Ｋ随ρｓｍ的变化具有地段性特点，此乃水文地质条件分区不同富水性地段的特征显示，用回归方法模拟Ｋ 相似文献
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Microstructural, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and misorientation analyses of a migmatitic granulite-facies orthogneiss from the exhumed lower crust of a Cretaceous continental arc in Fiordland, New Zealand show how deformation was accommodated during and after episodes of melt infiltration and high-grade metamorphism. Microstructures in garnet, omphacite, plagioclase, and K-feldspar suggest that an early stage of deformation was achieved by dislocation creep of omphacite and plagioclase, with subsequent deformation becoming partitioned into plagioclase. Continued deformation after melt infiltration resulted in strain localization in the leucosome of the migmatite, where a change of plagioclase deformation mechanism promoted the onset of grain boundary sliding, most likely accommodated by diffusion creep, in fine recrystallized plagioclase grains. Our results suggest three distinctive transitions in the rheology of the lower crust of this continental arc, where initial weakening was primarily achieved by deformation of both omphacite and plagioclase. Subsequent strain localization in plagioclase of the leucosome indicates that the zones of former melt are weaker than the restite, and that changes in deformation mechanisms within plagioclase, and an evolution of its strength, primarily control the rheology of the lower crust during and after episodes of melting and magma addition. 相似文献
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Olivine metagabbros from the Adirondacks usually contain both clear and spinel-clouded plagioclase, as well as garnet. The latter occurs primarily as the outer rim of coronas surrounding olivine and pyroxene, and less commonly as lamellae or isolated grains within plagioclase. The formation of garnet and metamorphic spinel is dependent upon the anorthite content of the plagioclase. Plagioclase more sodic than An38±2 does not exhibit spinel clouding, and garnet rarely occurs in contact with plagioclase more albitic than An36±4. As a result of these compositional controls, the distribution of spinel and garnet mimics and visually enhances original igneous zoning in plagioclase. Most features of the arrangement of clear (unclouded) plagioclase, including the shells or moats of clear plagioclase which frequently occur inside the garnet rims of coronas, can be explained on the basis of igneous zoning. The form and distribution of the clear zones may also be affected by the metamorphic reactions which have produced the coronas, and by redistribution of plagioclase in response to local volume changes during metamorphism.Authors listed alphabeticallyPublished by permission of the Director, New York State Museum, Journal Series Number 299 相似文献
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Plagioclase preferred orientation, Foreshore Group metasediments, Bluff, New Zealand 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
David Shelley 《Tectonophysics》1979,58(3-4)
Recrystallised plagioclase in volcanic metasediments of the Foreshore Group (hornblende-hornfels facies) has a strong preferred orientation with crystal a-axes [100] lying parallel to bedding and with a maximum parallel to a lineation (= maximum principal strain axis or axis of greatest elongation); composition varies widely from bed to bed from oligoclase to anorthite. The preferred orientation is interpreted to result from the mechanical rotation of elongate plagioclase ejecta in the original unconsolidated tuff during strain caused by intrusion of the adjacent Bluff igneous complex. Evidence for such an orienting mechanism is found in the preferred orientation of large unrecrystallised plagioclase ejecta. Matrix plagioclase is generally recrystallised to form granoblastic mosaics; this texture represents a mimetic recrystallisation which reduced grainboundary energy in the fine-grained matrix during the thermal event immediately succeeding deformation. 相似文献
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In calcic plagioclase (Ca, Na) [(Al, Si) AlSi2O8] Al-Si ordering produces superstructures with periodic and non periodic antiphase boundaries (APB's). Crystals growing at high temperature close to the melting point and cooling fairly rapidly order by nucleation of ordered domains which grow, resulting in an irregular pattern of curved APB's (b plagioclase). A modulated structure with periodic APB's forms by continuous ordering at large undercooling below the critical ordering temperature (e plagioclase). During annealing APB's are eliminated by pairwise recombination of adjacent APB's to reduce strain energy along the boundaries thereby transforming nonstable e plagioclase into stable b plagioclase without change in chemical composition. This process is often accompanied by a chemical phase separation with APB's providing favorable surfaces for diffusion. Transformations are documented by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs illustrating the variation in morphology of APB patterns in igneous and metamorphic plagioclase. They are in agreement with Korekawa et al.'s (1978) model of intermediate plagioclase which relies on periodic stacking of basic units rather than wavelike modulations. The paper includes observations of a new type of satellite in Stillwater bytownite (‘h’ satellites) which are due to fine lamellar exsolution. 相似文献
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Magmatic inclusions in phenocrystals from andesitic lavas,Krakatau volcano,Indonesia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is a great number of magmatic inclusions in different types of phenocrystals in andesitic lavas from the Krakatau volcano,
Indonesia. Sequence of crystallization (from early to late) has been established for the phenocrystals on the basis of homogenization
temperatures and chemical compositions of the magmatic inclusions: the cantral phase of plagioclase phenocrystals (An 83.2–72.6),
olivine→ the intermediate phase of plagioclase phenocrystals (An 61.3), clinopyroxene, titanomagnetite→ the peripheral phase
of plagioclase phenocrystals (An 54.4–42.6). The crystallization of the central phase of plagioclase phenocrystals takes place
in the depth of magma chamber at about 5 Kbar. High pressures and high titanium contents favor the silicate-liquid immiscibility
in the magmatic inclusions of early plagioclase phenocrystals. This is typical of many andesitic lavas generated in subduction
regions. 相似文献
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Robert J. Stull 《Lithos》1978,11(3):243-249
Mantled feldspars that formed by resorption, development of skeletal plagioclase crystals, and filling with alkali feldspar are common in the Golden Horn batholith, Washington. Subhedral plagioclase mantles have weak normal zoning from An17 to An10. Plagioclase zoning and twinning are crosscut by resorption channels. Resorption cavities and channels are coated with albite (An10). Anhedral, perthitic orthoclase within the plagioclase is optically continuous with orthoclase in channels and on the mantle exterior.This texture resulted from resorption of calcic cores of plagioclase as pressure decreased when water-undersaturated granite magma intruded to a shallow crustal level. At shallow level, only alkali feldspar and quartz crystallized and were available to fill the skeletal plagioclase. 相似文献
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内蒙古锡林浩特地区中元古代锡林浩特岩群的厘定及其意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过大比例尺填图和剖面研究, 将内蒙古锡林浩特地区的"锡林郭勒杂岩"解体分为3大部分: 一套表壳岩、晚元古代基性-超基性侵入岩和早古生代酸性侵入岩.在此基础上根据变质岩的岩性组合和变形变质特点, 可将其中的表壳岩化分为4个岩性段: 黑云(石榴石)斜长片麻岩, 间夹多层条纹状斜长角闪岩, 在其顶部多见薄层含磁铁石英岩; 中粗粒黑云斜长片麻岩和细粒长英质片麻岩; 混合岩化条带状黑云(角闪)斜长片麻岩, 含石榴石黑云二长片麻岩夹条纹状斜长角闪岩组合; 夕线石黑云斜长片麻岩, 条纹状黑云斜长片麻岩, 间夹含石榴石黑云母石英片岩.通过对比区域内宝音图群、艾勒格庙组、白乃庙群等古老地块的岩石组合, 发现在原岩建造、变质级别、沉积环境等特征上均有区别, 应将这套表壳岩单独厘定为锡林浩特岩群, 它们组成了锡林郭勒微陆块前寒武变质基底岩系, 其地质特征的研究对锡林郭勒微陆块基底的形成和演化及华北板块与西伯利亚板块的构造关系演化有重要意义. 相似文献
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The record of magma chamber processes in plagioclase phenocrysts at Thera Volcano,Aegean Volcanic Arc,Greece 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Karen Stamatelopoulou-Seymour Dimitrios Vlassopoulos Thomas H. Pearce Craig Rice 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1990,104(1):73-84
Lavas and pyroclastic rocks throughout the volcanic stratigraphy of the Tertiary-Quaternary volcanic complex of Thera in the Aegean island arc display inhomogenous plagioclase populations and phenocryst resorption textures, interpreted as indicative of magma mixing. Plagioclase zoning characteristics studied by Nomarski and laser interferometry techniques establish three main categories of plagioclase: (i) inherited plagioclase (nucleated in endmember prior to initial mixing event) (ii) in situ plagioclase (nucleated in mixed or hybrid magma) and (iii) xenocrystic plagioclase. Nomarski contrast images and linearized compositional zoning profiles reveal striking differences between calcic and sodic plagioclases, depending on the composition of the lava in which they are hosted. These differences reflect the contrasting effects of changes in physical-chemical parameters in basic vis-a-vis more acidic melts during magma mixing and/or influx of new magma into the subvolcanic magma chamber, as well as the influence of magma chamber dynamics on plagioclase equilibration. Variations in bulk major and trace element abundances of Thera volcanic products reflect the dominant overprint of crystal fractionation, but decoupling between major and trace element fractionation models and variations in incompatible trace element distributions are all indicative of magma mixing processes, consistent with compositional and textural zoning in plagioclases. 相似文献
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新疆百口泉闪长岩中高An值斜长石的成因及岩石学意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩浆成因的高An值斜长石(An80~100)是玄武质岩浆早期结晶的产物,由于其形成条件较为苛刻,它对于限定寄主岩浆条件和探讨岩石成因有重要的指示作用。在新疆西准噶尔百口泉地区发育含高An值斜长石(An80~90)的闪长岩,高An值斜长石呈不规则包裹体形式存在于闪长岩主体斜长石中(An40~60)。锆石SHRIMP定年显示百口泉闪长岩形成于316.9±2.9Ma(MSWD=1.5),闪长岩主、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素与区域内同时期岩浆作用产物具有相似的演化趋势。根据闪长岩岩石学特征,结合高An值斜长石的实验研究成果,本文认为百口泉闪长岩中的高An值斜长石不是捕虏晶,也不是闪长岩的结晶产物,而是与闪长岩成岩过程相关的循环晶。依据角闪石铝压力计的估算,闪长岩结晶于1.2~2.9kbar,与实验条件下获得的高An值斜长石产出的压力范围相符。高An值斜长石的产出表明原始岩浆具有富水、亏损的特征,对于探讨整个岩浆系统的演化过程有重要指示意义。 相似文献
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Petrological Significance of Zoned Plagioclase in Eldjurti Granite and Mafic Microgranular Enclaves,North Caucasus,Russia 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
朱永峰 《中国地球化学学报》1994,13(2):142-155
Plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic enclaves and plagioclase from its host granite possess a pat-tern of complex zonation .A plagioclase phenocryst can generally be divided into three parts:an oscillatory, locally patchy zoned core (An47-19),a ring with dusty, more calcic plagioclase (An64-20) and a normally zoned rim composed of sodic plagioclase (An22-3.3). Major discontinuities in zoning coincide with resorption surfaces that are overgrown by the more calcic plagioclase.The cores of large plagioclase phenocrysts from mafic enclaves and host granite show similar zoning patterns and similar compositions, indicating their crystallization under the same conditions .Steep normal zoning of the rims of plagioclases both from host granite and mafic enclaves illustrates a drastic decrease in An content which is considered to have resulted from the continuous differentiation of hybrid magma and efficient heat loss because of the upward emplacement of the residual magma.Wide rims of plagioclases from the host granite against the discrete rims of plagioclases from mafic enclaves indicate that differentiation and cooling lasted much longer in the host granite than in the mafic enclaves. 相似文献