首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
南海北部是中国海上油气的重要基地,也是中国天然气水合物调查的首选地区。对南海北部东沙群岛附近具有BSR特征的HD196站位沉积物样品的地球化学特征进行综合分析,得到以下结果:柱状样沉积物的常量元素的分布具有分段性,且与沉积物孔隙水中的离子浓度和甲烷含量的变化趋势相一致,可能对其下面是否存在天然气水合物有指示意义;同时柱状样沉积物孔隙水中离子浓度的变化与世界上发现天然气水合物地点的孔隙水离子浓度的变化一致。HD196站位的地质条件表明本站位具有天然气水合物形成的温压条件、气源条件和构造条件,因此在本站位的下面赋存天然气水合物的可能性比较大,在此进一步工作有可能取得天然气水合物勘查的突破。  相似文献   

2.
Heat flow and gas hydrates of the Baikal Rift Zone   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Multi-channel seismic studies (MCS), performed during a Russian expedition in 1989 and a joint Russian-American expedition in 1992, have for the first time revealed a “bottom simulating reflector” (BSR) in Lake Baikal. These data have shown that gas hydrates occur in the southern and central basins of Lake Baikal in those places where the water depth exceeds 500–700 m. Four types of tectonic influence on the distribution of the gas hydrate were revealed: (a) Modern faults displace the BSR as they do with normal seismic boundaries. (b) Older faults displace normal reflectors, whereas the BSR is not displaced. (c) Modern faults form zones, where the BSR has been totally destroyed. (4) Processes that occur within older fault zones situated close to the base of the hydrated sediment layer lead to undulations of the BSR. The thickness of the hydrate stability field (inferred from seismic data) ranges between 35 and 450 m. Heat-flow values determined from BSR data range from 48 to 119 mW/m2. A comparison between heat-flow values from BSR data and values measured directly on the lake bottom shows an overall coincidence. Changes in water level and bottom-water temperature that occurred in the past have had no noticeable influence on the present BSR depths or heat-flow values. Determination of deep heat flow from BSR data is in this case more reliable than by direct measurements. Received: 10 December 1998 / Accepted: 15 November 1999  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT This paper presents new geochemical data on gas-hydrate-bearing mud volcanoes discovered for the first time in the Gulf of Cadiz during cruises TTR9 and TTR10 of the R/V Professor Logachev in 1999–2000. The estimated gas hydrate content is 3–16% of sediment volume and 5–31% of pore space volume. Estimated values of the water isotopic composition for the Ginsburg mud volcano are very heavy for δ18O (up to +53‰) and light for δD (up to − 210‰). Gas released from the hydrates contains 81% of C1 and 19% of C2+. The inferred source of the gas in the hydrates is enriched in C2–C6 (≤ 5%), indicating that the gas has a thermogenic origin. Gas hydrate of cubic structure II should be formed from a gas of such composition. It is interpreted that the composition of the mud volcano fluid corresponds to deep oil basins below the Gulf of Cadiz.  相似文献   

4.
海洋沉积物中孔隙水的H、O同位素地球化学研究可以有效示踪天然气水合物的存在，中国南海地区由于地处三大板块交会处，地质构造特殊，沉积地层厚，沉积速率高，有机质丰富，并有指示天然气水合物存在的地球物理证据BSR存在，符合天然气水合物的赋存条件。本文对南海北部地区部分海域浅层沉积物中孔隙水样品进行了H、O同位素分析，试图探讨与天然气水合物赋存有关的地球化学异常。通过研究认为，①南海处于三大板块的交界处，具有特殊的地球物理场和构造沉积特征以及较适合天然气水合物赋存的温压条件，特别是南海北部地区有利于天然气水合物的生成；②南海北部地区部分海域的浅表层沉积物的H、O同位素测试中可以看出，总体上与海水的正常值一致，可能来自海水，但是在其中A14站位8个样品表现出了与天然气水合物有关的重同位素随深度增加的趋势。也许指示该区有天然气水合物存在的可能性。  相似文献   

5.
The complex study of the river water and pore solutions from the bottom sediments in the lower reaches of the Razdol’naya River was conducted in February 2010. The major ion composition of the waters indicates the submarine origin of the near-bottom and pore waters in the lower reaches of the Razdol’naya River in the winter. The river estuary extends upstream for more than 20 km. It was established that the studied sediments are reduced oozes containing pyrite, hydrotroilite, and iron monosulfide, which is direct evidence for sulfate-reduction in the sediments. The diagenesis of organic matter is the main reason for the considerable decrease in the amount of sulfates and the increase in the alkalinity of the sediment pore water. The sedimentary pore water sampled from the deep river pits is characterized by excess alkalinity that cannot be explained by sulfate-reduction and methane genesis. It was suggested that the chemical weathering of silicate minerals and the bacterial mineralization of salts of organic acids could result in the excess alkalinity of the sediment pore water.  相似文献   

6.
天然气水合物是近年来国际上发现的一种新型能源,大量赋存在海底沉积物中。西沙海槽位于南海北部陆坡区,周边有多个大型深水油气田区。对该区地形地貌、地质构造和沉积条件分析以及地球物理BSR分布表明,西沙海槽是我国海洋天然气水合物资源勘查的一个有利远景区。文章主要研究了位于西沙海槽最大BSR区内的XS-01站位沉积物孔隙水的地球化学特征,发现该站位孔隙水阴阳离子浓度和微量元素组成特征变化显示出可能与天然气水合物有关的明显地球化学异常,与国际上己发现有天然气水合物地区的异常相类似。因此,认为该站位是西沙海槽区最有利的天然气水合物赋存区,值得进一步的勘查工作。  相似文献   

7.
天然气水合物是在高压、低温条件下由水分子和气体分子形成的笼形化合物,是21世纪一种具有巨大潜在开发价值的海洋新型能源矿产.其勘探、开发和利用的科学与技术是当前面临的重大课题.天然气水合物的地球物理识别标志包括似海底反射层、空白反射带、极性反转、垂直地震剖面（VSP）和全波形反演速率、AVO和VAMP'S结构、测井等;地球化学识别标志包括甲烷异常、表层沉积物中的H2S气体异常和大气中CO2含量异常等气体异常检测,沉积物中含水量异常、孔隙水离子浓度异常、同位素地球化学异常等流体地球化学标志,以及标志性矿物（标型矿物）及沉积物热释光分析等.  相似文献   

8.
We discuss the redox environments and the compositions of bottom sediments and sedimentary pore waters in the region of a hydrothermal vent in Frolikha Bay, Lake Baikal. According to our results, the submarine vent and its companion nearby spring on land originate from a common source. The most convincing evidence for their relation comes from the proximity of stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in pore waters and in the spring water. The isotope composition indicates a meteoric origin of pore waters, but their major- and minor-element chemistry bears imprint of deep water which may seep through permeable faulted crust. Although pore waters near the submarine vent have a specific enrichment in major and minor constituents, hydrothermal discharge at the Baikal bottom causes a minor impact on the lake water chemistry, unlike the case of freshwater geothermal lakes in the East-African Rift and North America.  相似文献   

9.
海底天然气水合物地球化学勘探新技术   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  
天然气水合物是目前寻找新型替代能源的热点之一，其勘探、开发和利用的科学与技术是当前面临的重大课题。除地球物理方法可对天然气水合物定位外，地球化学勘探也是寻找它的重要手段。天然气水合物的几种地球化学勘探方法分别利用其直接标志和间接标志。直接标志包括烃类气体含量测定等；间接标志包括孔隙水离子浓度异常、同位素地球化学异常、标志性矿物(标型矿物)及沉积物热释光分析等方法。  相似文献   

10.
Iodine concentration and radioisotopic composition (129I/I) were measured in the pore waters from the gas hydrate occurrence in the forearc basin offshore Shimokita Peninsula, north-eastern Japan, to determine the source formation of I and accompanying hydrocarbons. Iodine concentrations correlate well with the alkalinity and SO4 patterns, reflecting degradation stages of I-rich buried organic matter, rapidly increasing in the sulfate reduction interval, and becoming constant below 250 meters below the seafloor with an upwelling flux of 1.5 × 10−11 µmol cm−2 year−1. The 129I/I ratios of 300 × 10−15–400 × 10−15 in deep pore waters suggest ages for iodine and hydrocarbon sources as old as 40 Ma. These ages correlate well with the coaly source formations of the Eocene age thought to be responsible for the conventional natural gas deposits underlying the gas hydrate stability zone. Similar profiles are observed in 129I/I ratios of pore waters in the gas hydrate stability zone from the forearc basin in the eastern Nankai Trough, offshore central Japan, where pore waters are enriched in I and reach ages as old as ∼50 Ma through the sediment column. At the outer ridge site along the trough, on the other hand, relatively younger I are more frequently delivered probably through thrusts/faults associated with subduction. The nature of source formations of I and hydrocarbons in the offshore Shimokita Peninsula has a more terrestrial contribution compared with those in the Nankai Trough, but these formations are also considerably older than the host sediments, suggesting long-term transport of I and hydrocarbons for the accumulation of gas hydrates in both locations.  相似文献   

11.
在海洋天然气水合物的勘查与研究中地球化学方法发挥了重大作用。利用海洋沉积物孔隙水中各种离子含量和同位素异常可以有效示踪天然气水合物的存在, 其中Cl-浓度异常、SO42-浓度梯度和氧同位素组成异常已成为指示天然气水合物存在的灵敏示踪剂。通过对比有和没有天然气水合物存在的海域浅表层沉积物中孔隙水的NH4+和HPO42-含量, 发现有天然气水合物区的孔隙水中NH4+和HPO42-浓度明显偏高, 且存在与SO42-类似的浓度梯度曲线, 认为孔隙水中NH4+和HPO42-浓度异常有可能成为一种新的地球化学示踪剂, 指示天然气水合物的存在; 探讨了引起孔隙水中NH +和HPO 2-浓度异常的可能机理及精确测定这些离子含量的方法。  相似文献   

12.
During Cruise 62nd of the R/V “Professor Gagarinsky” in September, 2014, the carbonate system of sediments and contents of nutrients and organic carbon in pore water were studied in two geochemical stations located in hypoxia areas in the Peter the Great Bay. It was established that the concentrations of silica, phosphorus, and ammonium increase by 5, 10, and 20 times, respectively, with sediment depth to 70–80 cm. The alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide significantly increase with depth, while рН value and organic matter (ОM) decrease. Changes in the chemical composition of pore water with sediment depth (0–80 cm) are caused by anaerobic microbial degradation of OM, concentration of which in the top sediment layer is 2–3%. The degradation products of OM in the bottom waters of bay and pore waters of bottom sediments indicate that its main sources are diatoms. During hypoxia, the oxygen demand rate by sediment surface near Furugelm Island is estimated to be 5 mmol/(m2 day). A combination of such factors as downwelling circulation, the absence of photosynthetically active radiation, and the high oxygen demand rate at the water/sediment interface provides hypoxia formation in the depressions of the Peter the Great Bay bottom topography.  相似文献   

13.
Organogenic sediments (sapropels) in lakes are characterized by a reduced type of diagenesis, during which organic compounds are decomposed, the chemical composition of the pore waters is modified, and authigenic minerals (first of all, pyrite) are formed. Pyrolysis data indicate that organic matter undergoes radical transformatons already in the uppermost sapropel layers, and the composition of this organic matter is principally different from the composition of the organic matter of the its producers. The sapropels contain kerogen, whose macromolecular structure starts to develop during the very early stages of diagenesis, in the horizon of unconsolidated sediment (0–5 cm). The main role in the diagenetic transformations of organic matter in sediments is played by various physiological groups of microorganisms, first of all, heterotrophic, which amonifying, and sulfate-reducing bacteria. SO42? and Fe2+ concentrations in the pore waters of the sediments are determined to decrease (because of bacterial sulfate reduction), while concentrations of reduced Fe and S species (pyrite) in the solid phase of the sediment, conversely, increase. Comparative analysis shows that, unlike sapropels in lakes in the Baikal area, sapropels in southern West Siberia are affected by more active sulfate reduction, which can depend on both the composition of the organic matter and the SO42? concentration in the pore waters.  相似文献   

14.
This paper summarizes the results of recent gas-hydrate studies in Lake Baikal, the only fresh-water lake in the world containing gas hydrates in its sedimentary infill. We provide a historical overview of the different investigations and discoveries and highlight some recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the Baikal hydrate system. So far, 21 sites of gas hydrate occurrence have been discovered. Gas hydrates are of structures I and II, which are of thermogenic, microbial, and mixed origin. At the 15 sites, gas hydrates were found in mud volcanoes, and the rest six – near gas discharges. Additionally, depending on type of discharge and gas hydrate structure, they were visually different. Investigations using MIR submersibles allowed finding of gas hydrates at the bottom surface of Lake Baikal at the three sites.  相似文献   

15.
Abstract. The Nankai Trough parallels the Japanese Island, where extensive BSRs have been interpreted from seismic reflection records. High resolution seismic surveys and drilling site-survey wells conducted by the MTI in 1997, 2001 and 2002 have revealed subsurface gas hydrate at a depth of about 290 mbsf (1235 mbsl) in the easternmost part of Nankai Trough. The MITI Nankai Trough wells were drilled in late 1999 and early 2000 to provide physical evidence for the existence of gas hydrate. During field operations, continuous LWD and wire-line well log data were obtained and numerous gas hydrate-bearing cores were recovered. Subsequence sedimentologic and geochemical analyses performed on the cores revealed important geologic controls on the formation and preservation of natural gas hydrate. This knowledge is crucial to predicting the location of other hydrate deposits and their eventual energy resource. Pore-space gas hydrates reside in sandy sediments from 205 to 268 mbsf mostly filling intergranular porosity. Pore waters chloride anomalies, core temperature depression and core observations on visible gas hydrates confirm the presence of pore-space hydrates within moderate to thick sand layers. Gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata typically were 10 cm to a meter thick. Gas hydrate saturations are typically between 60 and 90 % throughout most of the hydrate-dominant sand layers, which are estimated by well log analyses as well as pore water chloride anomalies.
It is necessary for evaluating subfurface fluid dlow behavious to know both porosity and permeability of gas hydrate-bearing sand to evaluate subsurface fluid flow behaviors. Sediment porosities and pore-size distributions were obtained by mercury porosimetry, which indicate that porosities of gas hydrate-bearing sandy strata are approximately 40 %. According to grain size distribution curves, gas hydrate is dominant in fine- to very fine-grained sandy strata.  相似文献   

16.
Brazos-Trinity IV盆地和Ursa盆地均位于墨西哥湾东北部海域,两者相隔300km,经历了截然不同的更新世沉积历史。Brazos-Trinity IV盆地属于更新世晚期浊流沉积体系,沉积速率低,几乎不产生超压,而Ursa盆地受密西西比河流域的影响,具有极高的沉积速率,是一个典型的超高压沉积盆地。国际大洋综合钻探计划IODP308航次分别在两个盆地取得了钻孔样品,分析获得了沉积物孔隙水的各项地球化学数据。文章以这些分析结果为基础,讨论超压Ursa盆地U1322钻孔和常压Brazos-Trinity IV盆地U1319钻孔沉积物孔隙水中阴阳离子随深度的变化情况,并对孔隙水中保守性组分进行了相关性分析。对比研究发现U1322钻孔的碱度,Cl-,PO3-4和pH值明显低于U1319钻孔; 碱度与PO3-4,Ca2+,B3+之间以及K+与Li+在U1319钻孔呈现很好的相关性,而在U1322钻孔则无明显的相关关系; U1322钻孔孔隙水Cl-随深度逐渐降低,孔隙水被淡化。超压Ursa盆地沉积物孔隙水阴离子异常的主要原因可能是因为盆地底层的Blue Unit砂体将高和低超压区连接,流体在超压作用下由高压区流向低压区,阴离子含量较低的流体与沉积物孔隙水混合,造成U1322钻孔中阴离子浓度的异常,这可能也是U1322钻孔孔隙水保守性组分之间相关性较差的主要原因。  相似文献   

17.
陈芳  苏新  陆红锋  周洋  庄畅 《地球科学》2013,38(5):907-915
通过对神狐海域沉积物组分与水合物成藏关系的研究, 得到SH7B孔含水合物层(155~177 m)有孔虫丰度以及有孔虫壳体微结构与水合物饱和度的关系.结果表明, 有孔虫丰度与水合物饱和度有良好的对应关系, 有孔虫丰度高, 水合物饱和度也高; 反之亦然.有孔虫丰度与水合物饱和度二者的相关系数为0.72, 说明有孔虫与水合物的分布和富集有关.扫描电镜研究表明, 有孔虫成岩作用不明显, 有孔虫为有效孔隙, 有孔虫独特的壳体结构增加了沉积物的孔隙空间, 有利于水合物的储存和富集.大部分有孔虫壳体大小相当于砂粒级, 它的存在一方面增加沉积物粗组分砂的含量, 另一方面增加沉积物的孔隙度.沉积物中生物组分——有孔虫, 是南海神狐海域水合物富集的重要因素之一.   相似文献   

18.
南海陆坡中新世以来沉积物特性与气体水合物分布初探   总被引：27，自引：12，他引：15  
通过对南海陆坡地区中新世以来沉积物的一些属性和特征的研究,获得了下面的初步认识：（1）南海陆坡有几个沉积速率较高的地区, 如东沙一带、西沙海槽、中建南地区,以及南沙西南部和西北部（曾母、万安盆地）;（2）大洋钻探钻井资料的研究表明,中新世与早上新世为高碳酸盐比值的低速堆积期,而近200万a以来为低碳酸盐比值的高速堆积期,上新世晚期至全新世沉积物以粘土质粉砂和粉砂质粘土为最主要成分;（3）南海不同时期的沉积速率不同,全新世为沉积速率最高的时期,其次为更新世;上新世和中新世为沉积速率较低的时期。南海利于气体水合物存藏的沉积可能为全新世和更新世的沉积;（4）对南海晚第四纪以来沉积物的综合研究表明南海陆坡的A区（东沙附近）、B区（西沙海槽）、D区（南海西部、越南以东）等地区可能利于气体水合物的形成和分布;而E区（南沙西南部）、F区（南沙中上部）和G区(南沙海槽)则是气体水合物调查值得关注的地区。  相似文献   

19.
Lake Baikal is the only fresh-water lake where natural gas hydrate accumulations were found in sediments. For the recent decade, Baikal has become a natural laboratory for investigation of the properties of gas hydrates, their indicators, and recovery of gas from subsurface (subbottom) gas hydrates. We present the main results of subsurface gas hydrate mapping and gas recovery test near the delta of the Goloustnaya River.  相似文献   

20.
Both water level drops and erosion have previously been suggested as causes of fluid overpressures in the subsurface. Quantification of the relevance of these processes to supra-lithostatic fluid pressure formation with a wide selection of input parameters is lacking, and thus desired. The magnitudes and drop times that are required for water level drops to result in supra-lithostatic pore pressures in a variety of situations are calculated. Situations with pore fluids consisting of water, water with dissolved methane, water with a gas hydrate layer and dissolved methane in the underlying sediments, and water with dissolved methane, a gas hydrate layer, and free gas accumulation below the hydrate layer are separately addressed. The overpressure formation from reservoir gas expansion is also simulated. The simulation results demonstrate that high fluid overpressures can develop in a rock as a response to a water level drop without the presence of gas, provided that the rock has a sufficiently low compressibility. The contribution to fluid overpressuring is however dramatically increased if the pore water is saturated with methane prior to the water level drop, and is further amplified by the presence of gas hydrates and free gas accumulations beneath such hydrates. Gas expansion in reservoirs should be expected to significantly increase the fluid overpressures in shallow, sealed pressure compartments that experience erosion or water level drops, even if the water level drop duration exceeds one million years. Enough relationships between the calculated overpressure formation and the main controlling factors are provided in order to enable readers to make inferences about a variety of geological settings. Analyses of simulation results prompt us to suggest that pockmarks are likely to be triggered by gas expansion in vertical fluid migration pathways, that the giant craters at the seabed west of Albatross South in the Barents Sea result from hydrate dissociation, and that overpressure build-up due to gas expansion has contributed to reservoir overpressuring in many eroded basins, including the Hammerfest Basin in the Barents Sea.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号