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1.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(8):971-988
Data are provided on the new Ordovician stage standard of the International Stratigraphic Chart: Tremadocian, Floian, Dapingian, Darriwilian, Sandbian, Katian, and Hirnantian. Graptolite and conodont zonal and infrazonal successions are used for a precise estimation of the chrono- stratigraphic position of the boundaries of the previous and newly proposed Ordovician regional stratigraphic units (horizons) in the western Altai–Sayan Folded Area. The chronostratigraphic position of the boundaries of most of the Ordovician formations showing a wide lateral distribution in southern Siberia has been described in detail in terms of the new stage standard of the General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia. 相似文献
2.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(8):989-1002
The new-generation regional stratigraphic chart of the Siberian Platform was accepted by the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee of Russia in April 2013. Two main supplements to the chart of 1979 were made: (1) the new scale of stages, accepted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy in 2008, was presented for the Ordovician System along with the previous British standard and (2) the nomenclature of the regional stratigraphic units was supplemented by the Mukteian Horizon, which occupies an intermediate position between the Vikhorevian and Volginian Horizons. The first substantiation of the necessity of viewing this stratigraphic interval as an independent horizon was made in 1980, after it had become possible to use well cores for a more precise definition of the paleontologic characteristics and boundaries of the Vikhorevian Horizon, originally detected from several isolated sections in the Irkut amphitheater with an indistinct boundary with the overlying Volginian Horizon. Recent data, particularly those from drilling, permit a more complete paleontological substantiation of the Mukteian Horizon, consideration of its distribution in different structure-facies zones, and correlation of type sections. 相似文献
3.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(4):524-531
The International Stratigraphic Chart of the Phanerozoic is constructed by drawing lower boundaries of stratigraphic units with reference to Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point. Some systems retain former, usually European, names of stages, whereas new sequences of stages are proposed for others, such as for Cambrian and Ordovician. The boundaries of 64 stages of 100 had been approved by the beginning of 2014. Fifty-three of these boundaries were drawn with regard to biostratigraphic criteria; one ichnological, six magnetostratigraphic, two chemo stratigraphic, one impact, and one climatic criteria. Their type sections are distributed over continents as follows: thirty-nine in Europe, twelve in Asia, nine in North America, and four in Africa. They are located in 19 countries: ten in China, nine in the United Kingdom, nine in Italy, seven in the United States, six in France, five in Spain, three in Czech, two in Morocco, two in Sweden, and one in each of several more countries. Although none is in Russia, candidates are proposed for stages of the Cambrian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic Systems. Type sections for the Sakmarian and Artinskian have already been agreed. With the present work speed, it will take two or three decades to complete the scale construction. The General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia and the International Chart gradually converge. Their similarity at the stage level is 84%. Major disagreements exist only in the Cambrian and Permian Systems. 相似文献
4.
John A. Goff 《Mathematical Geology》2000,32(7):765-786
Stratigraphic modeling based on physical and geologic principles has been improved by more sophisticated process models and increased computer power. However, such efforts may reach a limit in their predictive power because of the stochastic, multiscaled nature of the physical processes involved. Building on techniques from the geostatistical literature, a conditional simulation method, dubbed SimStrat, has been developed to improve predictions of stratigraphic architecture from limited data. No physical processes are invoked. Rather, the prediction is based solely on geometric and statistical principals. The method takes as input sonar bathymetry, seismically defined stratigraphic horizons, and core-defined horizons. Each stratigraphic horizon is characterized using spectral modeling and coherence modeling for adjacent horizons. Predictions of subsurface horizons are improved where seafloor bathymetry conforms with the underlying strata. Conditional simulations can then be generated that conform to available data constraints and statistical characterization. Tests with synthetic data in one and two dimensions for differing spectral models confirm the reliability of the method. 相似文献
5.
G. A. Danukalova 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2010,18(3):331-348
The refined Quaternary stratigraphic scale of the Cisuralian and Bashkortostan regions, approved by the Commission on the
Quaternary System of the Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee in 2007, includes the Eopleistocene (with three superhorizons
and seven horizons), Neopleistocene (with three superhorizons and 13 horizons), and Holocene (one horizon and three subhorizons).
The first defined Holocene Agidel Horizon with three subhorizons, the Middle Neopleistocene Klimovka, and the Upper Neopleistocene
Kushnarenkovo Horizon are correlated with the Shuvalov, Gorka, and Mikulino horizons, respectively. New names and reference
sections are proposed for all the Eopleistocene units. Local formations are proposed for the horizons, whose stratotypes are
located in the northern Fore-Urals. The Quaternary stratigraphic scale is correlated with similar scales of the Urals, the
East European Platform, and the Lower Volga region. The scale takes into account all the available data derived from the analysis
of original (sediments, faunal and floral remains), published, and archival materials, which make it possible to trace in
detail the main Quaternary events that occurred in the Fore-Urals. 相似文献
6.
选定遥感解译程度较好的贵州西部高原山区织金片作为研究对象,以美国Landsa t / TM数据为数据源,选择各波段之间相关系数最小的TM7、TM 4、TM1波段合成假彩色图像,采用人机交互的目视解译方法进行影像地层划分。研究区碳酸盐岩地层以其独特的溶蚀地貌而显示为斑状、块状影像,地表水系不发育; 碎屑岩地层因流水侵蚀地貌而表现为曲线状、网状纹理,从而使不同地层上下层位在空间结构信息上显示出差异。据此,通过界面、特殊纹理、代表性色调和典型水系等对地层影像进行比较、确认。在此基础上,将研究区主要出露的地层划分为14个影像地层单元。经野外验证,影像地层划分结果与传统的地层划分单元或单元组合吻合度较好。 相似文献
7.
V. D. Mats 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2013,21(6):637-651
The data obtained from long-term field studies in the Baikal Rift area are summarized. A new stratigraphic scheme is developed on the basis of previous stratigraphic research of N.A. Logachev. The new elements of the scheme are (1) the use of regional correlation horizons; (2) recognition of pre-Tankhoi (pre-Late Oligocene) sediments correlated with the Maastrichtian-Early Oligocene deposits of the Baikal Fore-deep; (3) elimination from the scheme of the Khalagai and Anosovka formations and distinction on their basis of the Tagai, Sasa, Osinovka, and Shankhaikha formations; (4) recognition of several weathering crust beds and Neogene paleosols. The “lower Eopleistocene (Upper Pliocene)” red-rock formation of Logachev is subdivided into the following stratigraphic units: the Cretaceous-Paleogene unit characterized by a few finds of Early Oligocene fossils, the Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene red clay bearing numerous fossil remains, and the Upper Pliocene reddish clay with abundant localities of fossils. The sections examined in the land portion of the Baikal Rift are correlated with bottom sediments of the Baikal depression and are subdivided into three instead of the two commonly accepted large tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic complexes. Stratigraphic studies provide a new insight into the history of the Baikal Rift and into some general questions of the continental rift formation. 相似文献
8.
9.
关于中国的海相三叠系建阶及下三叠统分阶界线 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
国际地层委员会提出将在近年内完成各地质年代中阶间界线层型的选定工作.全国地层委员会也于第3届全国地层委员会上提出了中国各时代地层的建阶方案.因此, 以阶为实体的年代地层学研究已成为当前地层学研究的焦点.介绍了国际三叠系年代地层划分方案及确定过程, 并列述了中国海相三叠系建阶方案.重点讨论了中国海相下三叠统各阶顶、底界线及其确定标准和标志, 提出了中国下三叠统建阶工作研究重点 相似文献
10.
E. B. Pestchevitskaya 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(6):577-609
The described scheme of the Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian-Barremian) stratigraphic subdivisions is elaborated based on palynological study of sections in the Khatanga depression, Ust-Yenisei region, Pur-Taz interfluve, and around the Ob River latitudinal segment, the North Siberia. Stratigraphic distribution of microphytoplankton studied in detail is used to distinguish 10 biostratigraphic units in the rank of dinocysts zones. Stratigraphic position of the zones is determined with confidence using data on the Lower Cretaceous reference sections in the Khatanga depression, which were principal ones by constructing the Boreal standard zonation. In majority, boundaries of the dinocysts beds are of a high correlation potential and can be regarded as reliable stratigraphic markers, as they are recognizable not only in Siberia, but also in northern Europe and America. 相似文献
11.
Columnar structured horizons have been recognized in ancient coastal palaeosols of several Lower Permian (Asselian) stratigraphic units of north-central Kansas. These strongly developed columnar, polygonal-shaped peds are characteristic of sodium-influenced (natric) argillic horizons, and are commonly indicative of semi-arid to arid environments. Evaporite features above and below these palaeosols support the conclusion for a dry palaeoclimate. The columnar peds are typically 3–15 cm in diameter and exhibit domed tops. Fine clay fills the cracks between the columnar peds, and is generally of a darker colour than the peds. Each natric horizon has a low value and chroma colour, apparently the result of carbonate accumulation. The natric horizons in these Permian palaeosols appear to have been partially influenced by sodium-rich groundwaters. Root traces and root moulds are found between peds in all natric horizons, indicating plant succession after columnar ped formation. These sodium-influenced palaeosol profiles occur as part of a spectrum of palaeosol types that indicate cyclical climate change associated with glacioeustatic sea-level fluctuations. 相似文献
12.
Yu. B. Gladenkov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2010,18(6):660-673
The problems of zonal stratigraphy of the early 21st century are discussed. The great advances achieved in recent years in
using zones in geological practice are noted. At the same time, attention is drawn to the controversies existing in the interpretation
of the concepts “biostratigraphic zone” and “chronozone,” in the methods of drawing the boundaries of such zones, and in the
assessment of the spatial scale of zones and in the understanding of them as stratigraphic units. 相似文献
13.
Thermal indicator data are used in an inverse mode to determine ages of stratigraphic horizons simultaneously with paleoheat flux. Results from blind tests on wells with horizon ages ranging from Ordovician through Carboniferous and Jurassic to Miocene indicate that thermal indicator inversions are capable of resolving such ages to within about 10% uncertainty. Results using the inversion procedure with one thermal indicator (vitrinite reflectance) were comparable to the results using another independent thermal indicator (sterane isomerization) in the same well. The activation energy for sterane isomerization was determined to be 30±15 kJ mol–1. In addition: (a) the age of a stratigraphic horizon, the thickness of eroded sediments at an unconformity, and the variation of paleoheat flux with time were determined simultaneously by thermal indicator inversion in a single well; (b) two neighboring wells, less than 10 km apart, provided essentially identical ages for the same formation when tested using the inversion procedure. The ability to determine stratigraphic horizon ages from inversion of thermal indicator data implies that sedimentation rates can be determined; thus, basinal evolution can be inferred to a degree of resolution not previously obtainable from assumed interpolation methods applied to determine the age of horizons between a limited set of stratigraphic horizons of known ages. 相似文献
14.
本文作者曾在尹赞勋教授指导和关怀下工作２７年,深受老师的谆谆教诲和支持信任,在先生逝世１０周年之际,著文缅怀前辈,以寄托崇敬和感激之情。文章联系中国第四纪研究,通过《地层规范草案及地层规范草案说明书》和《中国地层指南及中国地层指南说明书》的产生,以及工具书的编纂和《中国地层典(七)石炭系》的创编工作,回顾了尹赞勋教授对中国地层学理论和实践所做划时代的卓越贡献,认为他是当之无愧的理论地层学先驱和中国地层学的领路人。 相似文献
15.
Michael Styllas 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):444-460
Cone penetration testing has been widely used since the 1950s for determining the subsurface geotechnical conditions of unconsolidated sediments. This paper highlights the potential value of cone penetration testing as an aid to define the stratigraphic structure of Holocene sedimentary deposits. By calibrating cone penetration test logs with adjacent borehole logs and by utilizing all the available information produced during geotechnical surveying, stratigraphic models that accurately describe the vertical and lateral boundaries, as well as the stacking pattern, of Late Quaternary systems can be constructed. The widespread application and technical simplicity of cone penetration testing, combined with simple data interpretation via correlation with adjacent borehole logs, yield a useful and inexpensive tool for sedimentological investigations. This methodology is illustrated using data from 36 cone penetration tests and 11 boreholes on the Holocene deltaic plain of the Aliakmon River, Greece. Sedimentological and stratigraphic information from core log correlations, the spatial distribution of cone penetration test parameters, sediment grain size and per cent concentration of organic matter are utilized. The results suggest, that in sequence stratigraphic terms, the delta is divided into a lowstand systems tract composed by fluvial gravels and sands (U0) of Late Pleistocene age, as well as from red oxidized clays, and a transgressive systems tract represented by fluvial channel sands (U1), overlain by a thin transgressive sand sheet of coastal origin (U2), characterized by fining upward trends. The highstand systems tract is constituted by a variety of stratigraphic units (U3 to U7) and depositional environments, characterized by coarsening upward sequences, representing both aggradational and progradational facies, and dominated by the presence of three prograding wedges. Detailed definition of the thickness, vertical boundaries and stacking pattern of the resolved stratigraphic units, presented as a two‐dimensional stratigraphic model, demonstrates the applicability of the proposed method. 相似文献
16.
Through a detailed study of sequence boundaries, it is concluded that sequence stratigraphy is an independent regional and transitional stratigraphic system between local lithostratigraphy and global chronostratigraphy. Therefore, a new tripartite stratigraphic classification scheme has been proposed. By combining organically the concept of sequence boundaries with the GSSP, it is suggested that the GSSP should be chosen in a conformale portion of a related sequence boundary, and the boundary established in light of this concept is defined as the Best Natural Boundary (BNB). The definition of the BNB points out the working area and stratigraphic level for the GSSP. By referring to a case study of the Permian Guadalupian/Lopingian boundary, the concept of the BNB has been elaborated in detail, and it is proposed that the BNB of the Guadalupian and the Lopingian lies between the Mesogondolella granti Zone and the Ctarkina postbitteri Zone, which is also the sequence chronostratigraphic boundary between th 相似文献
17.
S. M. Shik 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2014,22(2):219-230
The study compiles the current knowledge on the Neopleistocene stratigraphy and paleogeography of Central European Russia (including the limits of ice sheets in the first half of the Middle Neopleistocene and Late Neopleistocene) on the basis of new data and provides a draft of the revised regional stratigraphic scale adopted by the regional Interdepartmental Stratigraphic Committee on the Central and Southern Russian platform. The proposed scale incorporates a number of new horizons: the Setun’, Moiseevo, Navlya, and Ikorets horizons of the Lower Neopleistocene; Vologda and Gorki horizons of the Middle Neopleistocene; Chermenino Horizon of the Upper Neopleistocene; and Shuvalovo Horizon of the Holocene. The adopted scale is correlated with the oxygen-isotopic stages and substages identified in the Neopleistocene by the decision of the ISC of Russia, as well as with glacials and interglacials of Lithuania, Poland, Germany, and England. The study discusses the problem of a division of the Pleistocene with respect to duration of Pleistocene stages. 相似文献
18.
介绍清理后的一个地层单位———龙潭组。江苏地层清理项目组以现代地层学理论为指导 ,经 3年多工作 ,搜集了江苏近 10 0年来大量新太古代至第三纪地层资料。以岩石地层为主与生物、年代地层等进行多重划分对比研究 ,从近 3 0 0个地层单位名称中 ,经清理筛选确定采用 10 5个岩石地层单位和 4个非正式岩石地层单位 ,重编了地层表 ,并建立了地层库 ,使江苏地层划分由统一划分发展到多重划分阶段。 相似文献
19.
A different understanding of the stratigraphic science methodology is considered. The classical geohistorical content of stratigraphy is set against the latest formal classification approach recorded in the International Stratigraphic Guide. Some provisions of the Stratigraphic Code of Russia and the International Stratigraphic Guide are studied. The described confrontation between the two concepts can be expressed by a formula: stratotype or limitotype. 相似文献