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1.
碳氮稳定同位素示踪鄱阳湖流域蚌湖丰水期的氮污染 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
鄱阳湖边缘深水区是鄱阳湖水位上涨时扩散而成的低洼湖区,通过对其一典型边缘湖泊——蚌湖丰水期的氮浓度和同位素特征值的检测,分析这类洪泛湖泊在水位最高时期水体颗粒有机质及无机氮的氮同位素变化特征,并识别氮污染来源及转化途径.结果表明:6月悬浮颗粒有机质碳氮同位素值(δ~(13)C:-26.7‰~-23.7‰,δ~(15)N:2.6‰~6.2‰)介于土壤有机质(δ~(13)C:-25.21‰±0.52‰,δ~(15)N:3.79‰±0.37‰)和水生植物的碳氮同位素值(δ~(13)C:-28.8‰~-24.9‰,δ~(15)N:5.3‰~8.2‰)之间.7月相比于6月,降低的δ~(13)C(-27.6‰~-23.2‰)和升高的δ~(15)N(4.3‰~7.7‰)表明暴雨冲刷带来更多的周边陆地碎屑输入.无机氮在6月以铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为主要形态,7月以硝态氮(NO_3~--N)为主要形态.6月δ~(15)NH_4~+较负的特征值(-18.6‰±5.2‰)表明铵态氮主要来源于雨水,硝态氮(δ~(15)NO_3~-:1.4‰±3.0‰)主要来源于农业化肥和雨水.7月相比于6月,铵态氮和硝态氮的浓度和同位素值都大幅升高(分别升高了0.3和2倍,6‰和3‰),是暴雨冲刷陆地使农业化肥、城镇生活废水和畜禽养殖废水输入的结果.水生植物的δ~(15)N在7月(8.8‰±1.1‰)相比于6月(6.6‰±1.1‰)也升高了较多,是由于水生植物吸收了更高δ~(15)N废水无机氮的结果.通过颗粒有机质和无机氮的δ~(15)N分析可知,湖区水体氮的矿化作用和硝化作用较强,藻类对湖泊的内源氮贡献较弱,沿河湖的畜禽养殖在暴雨时对水域污染的威胁较大.本研究提供了洪泛湖泊氮污染治理的科学依据. 相似文献
2.
采用树轮稳定碳同位素重建贺兰山1890年以来夏季(6~8月)气温 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
贺兰山油松稳定碳同位素分析结果表明, 当年6~8月的平均气温越高, 树轮a-纤维素中的d13C值则越高; 反之, 6~8月的平均气温越低, δ13C值越低. 在此基础上, 采用转换函数对贺兰山地区夏季6~8月气温进行了模拟重建, 重建序列的解释方差为34.9% (F = 15.01, p<0.001). 中国夏季(6~8月)的最高气温时段(20世纪20年代后期至30年代)在重建序列中被证实. 同时1910年以来贺兰山地区夏季气温与热带太平洋海温遥相对应, 尤其是1920年前后、1947年前后的极端低温时段与热带太平洋海温的冷气候态非常一致. 表明贺兰山地区气候信号不仅含有区域特征, 同时也受全球大尺度气候变化的影响. 功率谱分析表明, 贺兰山地区夏季(6~8月)气温存在2.56~2.63 a的准周期. 相似文献
3.
外源溶解性有机碳对抚仙湖甲壳类浮游动物碳源的贡献 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
外源溶解性有机碳(DOC)是湖泊碳库的重要组成部分,关于外源DOC对浮游动物的贡献及途径需要深入研究.本研究在抚仙湖受控实验中添加13C标记的葡萄糖,通过分析样品中浮游植物与浮游动物的种类、数量、磷脂脂肪酸生物标志物及其稳定同位素特征,研究外源DOC对湖泊甲壳类浮游动物碳源的贡献比例及其变化.结果表明:细菌、甲壳类浮游动物(象鼻溞)的δ~(13)C值在加入葡萄糖后分别从-16.28‰和-23.88‰快速增加到5408.25‰和1974.7‰,而藻类磷脂脂肪酸(C18∶2ω6)δ~(13)C值从-27.07‰增加到342.44‰,增长的幅度表明添加的葡萄糖首先被细菌和浮游动物快速利用,而藻类只利用了一小部分.同时细菌、颗粒性有机物(POM)和浮游动物的δ~(13)C值在第1 d急剧增加,细菌的δ~(13)C值远大于浮游动物和POM的δ~(13)C值,之后细菌和POM的δ~(13)C值开始下降,但浮游动物的δ~(13)C值却仍在缓慢增加,进一步表明了DOC进入湖泊后首先被细菌吸收利用,而细菌吸收DOC后通过自身代谢作用形成细胞颗粒,浮游甲壳类动物通过摄食细胞颗粒来获得外源DOC. 相似文献
4.
蓟县元古界碳酸盐岩的碳同位素变化 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
天津蓟县元古界剖面长城系碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C值基本为负值,蓟县系大体在(0±1)‰的范围内,进入青白口系井儿峪组一般在(2±2)‰的正值.从串岭沟组到大红峪组(约1700～1600 Ma)碳酸盐岩的δ~(13)C值大约由-3‰变化到0‰,但大红峪组δ~(13)C值大幅度振荡.蓟县系地层碳同位素组成发生两次较大的变化,分别在杨庄组和雾迷山第三亚组之后.相当完整和连续的碳同位素记录反映了约 1700～800 Ma全球海水的δ~(13)C值长期变化趋势.发生在约1700～1600 Ma和<约 1300 Ma海水的δ~(13)C值升高及大幅度振荡可能是两次全球性构造事件的响应. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(2)
分析了珠江口外两个短沉积柱状样的叶蜡正构烷烃单体稳定碳同位素组成(δ~(13)C),讨论了它在揭示年代际尺度上流域环境变化的能力.长链正构烷烃主峰为C_(29)或C_(31),且表现出明显的奇数碳优势,说明这些烷烃主要来自维管束植物的叶蜡.所有的沉积样品中,C_(29)和C_(31)正构烷烃的δ~(13)C值在-28.8‰-31.2‰变化,这与珠江流域以C_3植物为主的陆地生态系统相吻合.两个沉积柱的δ~(13)C时间变化序列是相似的.从20世纪初期到70年代末这段时间都呈现出一个持续减小的趋势.但在随后的大约15年时间里,δ~(13)C值趋势反转,开始不断增大.在校正了大气CO_2浓度上升和δ~(13)Catm下降所带来的影响后,δ~(13)C_(29)记录基本上仍保留了上述变化规律,但在80年代δ~(13)C值的上升趋势表现得更加明显.通过与实测资料比较,我们认为,1980年之前δ~(13)C校正值的轻微减小趋势应该和珠江流域降水量的增加有关,之后的δ~(13)C值上升则很可能是受干旱气候条件以及人为森林砍伐的影响.因此,我们的结果表明,埋藏于珠江口外沉积物中的叶蜡正构烷烃可以很好地反映该流域在过去一个世纪里的气候变化和人类活动情况. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(6)
造礁珊瑚具有自养/异养双重营养模式.但是珊瑚能否通过调节其营养方式以提高其应对不同环境胁迫的能力,目前仍不清楚.文章以中国南海不同纬度礁区(三亚鹿回头、西沙群岛和南沙群岛)的70个帛琉蜂巢珊瑚(Favia palauensis)样品为材料,利用同位素地球化学指标(珊瑚骨骼δ~(13)C(δ~(13)C_s)、虫黄藻δ~(13)C(δ~(13)C_z)、宿主有机质δ~(13)C(δ~(13)C_h)以及δ~(13)C_h和δ~(13)C_z之间的差值(Δ~(h-z) ~(13)C)),结合共生虫黄藻密度(ZD)、共生组织生物量等珊瑚的生理指标和环境参数,研究了南海Favia palauensis营养方式的空间差异及其受控因素,探讨了营养方式的灵活性调节对其环境适应性的潜在影响.结果显示:南海北部三亚鹿回头珊瑚具有较高的ZD和δ~(13)C_z值,表明该区域的珊瑚比南海中部西沙和南部南沙群岛的珊瑚有更高的自养能力;而西沙和南沙群岛的珊瑚具有相对低的δ~(13)C_h和Δ~(h-z) ~(13)C值,意味着该区域的珊瑚比三亚鹿回头的珊瑚有更高的异养摄食能力.此外,珊瑚共生组织生物量、δ~(13)C_s与Δ~(h-z) ~(13)C之间的负相关关系,表明珊瑚共生体所产生的有机物质越多,珊瑚的异养摄食强度越大.珊瑚营养模式的空间差异表明,当外部环境条件和/或其自身生理指标发生改变时,珊瑚会调节其营养方式.这种光合自养与异养营养之间的动态调节机制对提高珊瑚的环境适应性具有重要意义. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(6)
Scleractinian corals exhibit a dual trophic pattern of autotrophic photosynthesis and heterotrophic predation.However,whether corals can adjust their trophic status under contrasting environmental conditions remains unclear.In our study,70 scleractinian corals(Favia palauensis) were collected from Sanya and the Xisha and Nansha Islands in the South China Sea.We measured the zooxanthellae density(ZD) and δ~(13)C of zooxanthellae(δ~(13)C_z) and host tissue(δ~(13)C_h) and analyzed the difference between δ~(13)C_h and δ~(13)C_z(i.e.,△~(h-z)~(13)C).The relatively high ZD and δ~(13)C_z values in the samples from Sanya indicate that these corals might have higher photosynthetic rates and autotrophic abilities than those from Xisha and Nansha.In contrast,the relatively low δ~(13)C_h and △~(h-z) ~(13)C values in the samples from Xisha and Nansha suggest that these corals might have a higher heterotrophic ability than those from Sanya.In addition,we tested the coral tissue biomass and skeletal δ~(13)C(δ~(13)C_s) in the samples from Sanya and examined their correlations with △~(h-z)~(13)C.The results showed a negative correlation,indicating that the more the organic material produced by the coral,the stronger its heterotrophic ability.Our results show that corals can adjust their trophic status under different environmental and physiological conditions,which is essential for increasing their adaptability to different environmental conditions. 相似文献
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末次冰消期东亚和挪威海气候事件的对比 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对黄土-古土壤和泥炭剖面的高分辨率~14C年代学以及有机质的δ~(13)C值和有机碳百分含量的研究,揭示了末次冰消期百年尺度温暖-寒冷的东亚季风气候颤动事件及其反映的有意义的降水变率.它们由波令(Bolling13～12.5ka BP),老仙女木(Older Dryas 12.5～11.75ka BP),阿勒鲁德(Allerod 11.75～11.2 ka BP)和新仙女木(Younger Dryas 11.2～10 ka BP)事件构成.其地层结构表现出多种沉积相的变化,反映了气候的不稳定性.这些高频、快速的气候事件可与挪威海海面温度记录的气候事件—一对比.反映了东亚季风气候通过西风带及与其相关的气压系统与极地.高纬地区古气候的遥相关. 相似文献
10.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(10)
2013年中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局对南海北部实施第二次天然气水合物钻探并成功钻获可视天然气水合物实物样品,共有五个站位获取沉积物岩芯.本文对其中的GMGS2-08站位沉积物开展有孔虫同位素分析研究,以了解天然气水合物地质系统有孔虫的碳同位素特征及其对甲烷释放的响应.GMGS2-08岩芯沉积物中顶空气甲烷浓度最高达到39300μmol L~(-1),气态烃δ~(13)C值在-69.4~-72.3‰PDB,明确指示其为生物成因,根据甲烷δD测试结果(-183~-185‰SMOW)可进一步判别为CO2还原型微生物气.同位素分析结果显示GMGS2-08站位所获得的岩芯中共出现5期有孔虫碳同位素轻值事件,有孔虫δ~(13)C值明显低于南海冰期-间冰期的正常变化区间,底栖Uvigerina peregrina出现-15.85‰PDB的δ~(13)C极轻值,浮游Globigerinoides ruber的δ~(13)C值同样低至-5.68‰PDB.电镜扫描发现δ~(13)C负偏层位有孔虫壳体经历后期成岩改造被自生碳酸盐所充填,有孔虫壳体的成岩矿化程度与埋深并不相关.与有机碳的相关性计算表明有机质的厌氧氧化对底栖有孔虫的δ~(13)C组成影响微弱,意味着有孔虫的δ~(13)C异常负偏可能主要来源于甲烷厌氧氧化成因的次生碳酸盐的叠加影响.GMGS2-08岩芯记录中有孔虫δ~(13)C负异常和δ~(18)O正异常的耦合性是地质历史时期研究区天然气水合物分解释放的重要证据. 相似文献
11.
《Acta Geochimica》2017,(4)
High anthropogenic N loads and abundant bacteria are characteristic of highly contaminated urban rivers.To better understand the dispersal and accumulation of bacteria, we determined contents and isotopic compositions of suspended particulate organic matter(SPOM) and bacteria in a highly contaminated urban river(the Nanming)and effluents in winter and summer of 2013. Relative to SPOM, bacterial biomass in the river was depleted in ~(13)C and ~(15)N and its C/N ratio was lower(δ~(13)C:-33.2% ± 3.1%; δ~(15)N:-1.5% ± 1.2%; C/N:4.8 ± 0.6), while effluents showed higher ~(13)C and ~(15)N contents and C/N ratios(δ~(13)C:-25% ± 2.1%; δ ~(15)N:-8.5% ± 1.1%; C/N: 8.1 ± 1.2). Source recognition of SPOM was based on carbon isotopes because they are conservative and distinct between end-members(effluent detritus and bacterial biomass). Using a mixing model,bacterial biomass in the river was calculated to account for 20% and 56% of bulk suspended particulate organic nitrogen in winter and summer, respectively. An N budget showed that bacterial N was a small proportion of total nitrogen(7.4%) in the riverwater. 相似文献
12.
Liu Weiguo Li Xiangzhong Wang Zheng Wang Huangye Liu Hu Zhang Bo Zhang Huan 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(8):1193-1206
The stable carbon isotope composition(δ~(13) C) of lacustrine sediments, which can record changes in past environmental conditions such as the C4/C3 terrestrial vegetation composition, has been widely used for the reconstruction of terrestrial ecosystems and global climate changes. It has also been widely used in paleolimnological studies in arid northwestern China. In recent years, however, an increasing number of studies have enriched the environmental significance reflected by the stable carbon isotope geochemistry of lakes; therefore, the interpretation of lake δ~(13) C variations in paleoenvironmental reconstructions should be carefully evaluated from various aspects. In this paper, previous studies from the past several decades on the lacustrineδ~(13) C variations in arid northwestern China were reviewed, and the possible mechanisms of the δ~(13) C variations were discussed.Our study will provide a reference for the application of carbon isotope geochemistry in paleoenvironmental reconstructions. 相似文献
13.
当前在古食谱研究中,胶原蛋白(不可溶性)的提取,主要采用明胶化法.然而,胶原蛋白的直接降解产物——可溶性胶原蛋白,常常予以忽视并摒弃.本文通过凝胶层析,分管提取了古骨的酸提取液,从中分辨出三个峰,对各峰提取物的C和N含量,C/N摩尔比值及稳定同位素比值进行分析,并与对应的不可溶胶原蛋白(ISC)进行了比较,以探讨可溶性胶原蛋白(SC)在古食谱研究中的可行性.三个峰中,第二峰(保留时间在17.5~27.5 min)峰形最为平缓,表明其所含蛋白质的分子量不一致;其各管提取物,在C和N含量,C/N摩尔比值上与ISC最为接近.基于以上发现,可以看出,第二峰提取物即为SC.更为重要的是,两种蛋白的δ13C值和δ15N值均相近.具体而言,C/N摩尔比值落于正常范围的SC,与对应的ISC相比,δ13C差异的平均值仅为(0.3±0.2)‰(N=2),δ15N值大约相差(0.6±0.1)‰(N=2);而C/N摩尔比值稍高于正常范围的SC,与对应的ISC相比,δ13C差的平均值也仅为(0.4±0.1)‰(N=2),δ15N值也约相差(0.3±0)‰(N=2).这些差异,远低于δ13C和δ15N值在食物链营养级之间的差异(δ13C约为1‰~1.5‰,δ15N值约为3‰~5‰),表明SC与ISC具有相似的性质,其C和N稳定同位素分析,在古食谱研究中极具应用价值. 相似文献
14.
菏泽—濮阳及附近地区震源深度及波速比变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
计算了发生在濮阳及附近地区(35.5°~36.0°N,115.1°~115.7°E)地震的波速比,并进行T检验。结果表明,研究区内2001~2008年发生的41次ML≥2.6级地震波速比值属于正常变化。通过1970~2008年菏泽—濮阳及附近地区(35.1°~36.0°N,115.1°~115.7°E)发生的ML≥3级地震震源深度分析,发现1983年(11月7日菏泽5.9级地震前,研究区内震源深度变化大(-h=19 km),而5.9级地震后至2008年震源深度浅(-h=13 km)的特点。 相似文献
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被子植物叶特征随海拔梯度的变化规律在中国内陆高海拔地区亟待研究.本文在祁连山中、东部2300~3640 m a.s.l.范围内,对3种被子植物(乔木Betula albo-sinensis及灌木Caragana jubata和Berberis diaphana)采集叶样品共39份,在实验室分析了气孔密度(SD)、气孔指数(SI)、细胞密度(ED)、叶脉密度(VD)及碳同位素比值等5个指标.结果表明,5个指标均与海拔呈显著甚至极显著线性相关关系,其中,SD,SI和VD均与海拔呈负相关,而ED和δ13C均与海拔呈正相关.这种关系组合明显不同于低海拔湿润环境中主要由大气二氧化碳浓度变化形成的SD,SI和δ13C等与海拔呈正相关的关系组合模式.其主要是随海拔升高温度降低引起的植物生理性干旱所致,因而可暂称为植物叶变化的内陆高海拔模式. 相似文献
17.
Tan Liangcheng Liu Wen Wang Tianli Cheng Peng Zang Jingjie Wang Xiqian Ma Le Li Dong Lan Jianghu Edwards R. Lawrence Cheng Hai Xu Hai Ai Li Gao Yongli Cai Yanjun 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(10):1622-1632
Evaluating anthropogenic impacts on regional vegetation changes during historical time is not only important for a better understanding of the Anthropocene but also valuable in improving the vegetation-climate models. In this study, we analyzed stable isotopes(δ~(18)O, δ~(13)C) and trace elements(Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) of a stalagmite from Huangchao Cave in central Shandong, northern China.~(230)Th and AMS~(14)C dating results indicate the stalagmite deposited during 174BC and AD1810, with a hiatus between AD638 and 1102. Broad similarities of the δ~(18)O and trace elements in the stalagmite suggest they are reliable precipitation indexes. The δ~(13)C of the stalagmite, a proxy of vegetation change, was generally consistent with local precipitation and temperature variations on a centennial-scale before the 15th century. It typically varied from –9.6‰ to –6.3‰, indicating climate controlled C3 type vegetation during this period. However, a persistent and marked increasing trend in the δ~(13)C record was observed since the 15th century, resulting in δ~(13)C values from –7.7‰ to –1.6‰ in the next four centuries. This unprecedented δ~(13)C change caused by vegetation deterioration cannot be explained by climate change but is fairly consistent with the dramatically increasing population and farmland in Shandong. We suggest that the increasing deforestation and reclamation in central Shandong began to affect vegetation in the mountain region of central Shandong since the 15th century and severely destroyed or even cleared the forest during the 16th–18th century. 相似文献
18.
The compound-specific stable carbon isotope compositions(δ~(13)C) of leaf wax n-alkanes from two short sediment cores recovered off the Pearl River estuary(PRE) were analyzed to check for their capability of indicating decadal scale catchment environmental change. Sedimentary long-chain n-alkanes exhibited an odd-over-even predominance, with a maximum at n-C_(29) or n-C_(31), indicating their leaf wax origin was from vascular plants. The δ~(13)C values of C_(29) and C_(31) n-alkane in all the sediment samples were in the range of -28.8‰ to -31.2‰, consistent with the C_3 plant-dominated vegetation in the Pearl River catchments. The time series of δ~(13)C records from the two cores were comparable and displayed a decreasing trend from the early 20 th century to the end of the 1970s, followed by a reversal in that change leading to continued increase for ca. 15 years. After being corrected for the effect of atmospheric CO_2 rise and δ~(13)C_(atm) decline, the δ~(13)C_(29) records largely retained their raw changing pattern; the post-1980 increase being more conspicuous. The slightly decreasing trend in corrected δ~(13)C records before around 1980 may have been caused by an increase in precipitation, whereas the subsequent increase of δ~(13)C is likely associated with the observed dry climate and/or intensive anthropogenic deforestation. Our results thus demonstrate that leaf wax n-alkanes buried in the sediments off the PRE may well reflect change in the regional climate and/or human activity in the river catchments over the past century. 相似文献
19.
通过在地震活动区对有关地质体的K—Ar、Ar—Ar、FT、TL、~(14)C、ESR、U系等同位素年代学、地下水及其释放气体的D/H、~(13)C/~(12)C、~(18)O/~(16)O等稳定同位素以及He、Ar等稀有气体同位素的研究,可获得有关新构造运动的时间序列、断层运动的时间、地质体热历史以及地下断层流体运动的许多重要信息。因而,同位素地球化学已逐渐在研究地震成因机制以及监测预报地震中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
20.
塔里木盆地东部天然气的成因类型及其成熟度判识 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
利用塔里木盆地东部94个气样的烃类气体组成和碳同位素检测资料,与模拟实验资料相结合,进行了下古生界海相烃类气体的成熟度判识、成因类型和气源的综合研究。下古生界烃源气以干气为主,干燥系数>0.9,属海相腐泥型裂解气,并由于没有陆源有机质的影响,而表现为6~(13)C_1偏低、6~(13)C_2-J~(13)C_1,的差值小等特征。根据上元古界～下古生界烃源岩热模实验结果建立了6~(13)C_1-R_0凡回归方程,基本解决了本区天然气的成熟度和气源判识问题,并将天然气划分为4种成因类型。文中还探讨了天然气的多源、多阶复合问题。 相似文献