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1.
Krisanadej Jaroensutasinee Wittaya Pheera Mullica Jaroensutasinee 《Earth Science Informatics》2014,7(3):205-213
As large quantities of physical data are always collected for Ecoinformatics research, it is difficult for them to be cleaned, shared, visualized, and analyzed by research collaborators. To resolve this difficulty, this study presents online weather data analysis and visualization cyber-infrastructures consisting of (1) online weather data analysis and visualization tools and (2) near real-time online weather data portal. Firstly, these online tools at www.twibl.org/weather provide data sharing in three web pages: information on instruments and site; data access protected by simple password security; data analysis and visualization services so-called “Ecoinfows”. Secondly, the near real-time online weather data portal for visualizing and forecasting weather data from cloud storage of many automatic weather stations is online at www.twibl.org/aaportal. To overcome speed and accessibility problems, we developed these tools with many technologies - i.e. cloud computing, online computing XML (webMathematica), and binary access data conversion. 相似文献
2.
This article summarises activities and preliminary results of the International Programme on Landslides Project no. 179 “Database of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs)”. This project is planned for 3 years (2013–2015); the main objectives of the first year are (1) to create an online database and (2) to select collaborating partners. A survey of existing and relevant documents, information and organisations has been initiated along with the creation of a website (www.glofs-database.org) and the establishment of international collaboration. The first preliminary results show regional differences in various attributes of GLOF events (e.g. triggers, chronological distribution). These differences should be taken into consideration in regionally focused methods of hazard assessment, mitigation and consequently risk management. 相似文献
3.
As a leading global reinsurer, Swiss Re deals with many hazards and risks for which geospatial data are crucial in order to obtain reliable assessments of expected insured losses or large losses from catastrophes. Typically, such data are used in combination with insurance data either in pricing tools to calculate premiums, tail risks and more, or in mapping tools. In natural perils pricing applications—the most important group of tools—geospatial data are usually “not visible” but are instead used to create probabilistic event sets. For example, a flood event set may define spatially if and how frequently a given location is flooded. Mapping tools, such as Swiss Re’s CatNet® (www.swissre.com/catnet), visualize the data in the form of maps which include many useful attributes per geographic location.
相似文献4.
H. Ullah N. U. Khan F. Ali A. Khan I. Zeb M. J. Khan 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(12):2519-2530
Characterization of content and source of heavy metals in soils are necessary to establish quality standards on a regional level. In relation to this, two zones, (sampling zone-1) and (sampling zone-2) depending on nature and intensity of wastewater disposal along the peri-urban area of Peshawar, Pakistan were selected. Thirty-six samples of wastewater and topsoil each were collected to determine the content of Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe and Mn, and physico-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and organic matter. Analytical determinations were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy after microwave sample digestion in acid solution. Chemometric techniques which include hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, and tukey test were applied. Concentrations of physico-chemical properties in wastewater and soil were higher in sampling zone-2. Concentrations of six heavy metals in wastewater and two in soil exceeded permissible limits of World Health Organization (Guidelines for drinking water quality, 4th edition, 2011), European Union (Heavy metals in wastes, European commission on environment. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/pdf/heavymetalsreport, 2002). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped eight heavy metals into two clusters for wastewater and five clusters for soils. Principal component analysis describes four factors possessing Eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained the cumulative total variance of 84% with factor 1, having positive loading of anthropogenic metals (Cd, Cu, and Ni). Significant correlation was found between anthropogenic metals like Ni and Cd in water and between Cu and Cr in soil. Further research in other agricultural lands in peri-urban region would improve the basis for proposing such soil quality standards. 相似文献
5.
Volcanic-ash clouds are a known hazard to aviation, requiring that aircraft be warned away from ash-contaminated airspace. The exposure of aviation to potential hazards from volcanoes in the United States is significant. In support of existing interagency operations to detect and track volcanic-ash clouds, the United States has prepared a National Volcanic Ash Operations Plan for Aviation to strengthen the warning process in its airspace. The US National Plan documents the responsibilities, communication protocols, and prescribed hazard messages of the Federal Aviation Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Geological Survey, and Air Force Weather Agency. The plan introduces a new message format, a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation, to provide clear, concise information about volcanic activity, including precursory unrest, to air-traffic controllers (for use in Notices to Airmen) and other aviation users. The plan is online at http://www.ofcm.gov/p35-nvaopa/pdf/FCM-P35-2007-NVAOPA.pdf. While the plan provides general operational practices, it remains the responsibility of the federal agencies involved to implement the described procedures through orders, directives, etc. Since the plan mirrors global guidelines of the International Civil Aviation Organization, it also provides an example that could be adapted by other countries. 相似文献
6.
Impacts of climate change have been observed in natural systems and are expected to intensify in future decades (IPCC in Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPC, Geneva, 2014). Governments are seeking to establish adaptive measures for minimizing the effects of climate change on vulnerable citizen groups, economic sectors and critical infrastructure (Adger et al. in Global Environ Change 15(2):77–86, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005; Smit and Wandel in Global Environ Change 16(3):282–292, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.008). Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable to changing conditions due to rising sea levels and storm event intensification that produce new flood exposures (Richards and Daigle in Government of Prince Edward Island, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 2011 http://www.gov.pe.ca/photos/original/ccscenarios.pdf). However, communities oftentimes lack access to locally-relevant climate change information that can support adaptation planning. This research introduces the use of a Geoweb tool for supporting local climate change adaptation efforts in coastal Canadian communities. The Geoweb tool (called “AdaptNS”) is a web-based visualization tool that displays interactive flood exposure maps generated using local climate change projections of sea level rise and storm surge impacts between the years 2000 and 2100. AdaptNS includes participatory features that allow users to identify and share specific locations to protect against present and future coastal flood events. By soliciting feedback from community members, AdaptNS is shown to support local adaptation through the provision of flood exposure visuals, as a platform for identifying adaptation priorities, and as an avenue to communicate local risks to external entities that could facilitate local adaptation initiatives (e.g. upper levels of government). Future Geoweb research directions include improving the visualization of climate change projection uncertainties, the expansion of informational and participation capabilities, and understanding the potential for long-term adoption of Geoweb tools in adaptation decision-making. 相似文献
7.
The Chang＇E-1 and Chang＇E-2 missions have successfully obtained a huge amount of ltmar scientific data, through the seven onboard instruments including a CCD stereo camera, a laser altimeter, an interference imag- ing spectrometer, an X-ray spectrometer, a microwave radiometer, a high-energy particle detector and a solar-wind ion detector. Most of the Chang＇E data are now publicly available to the science community, and this article serves as an official guide on how these data are classified and organized, and how they can be retrieved from http：//159.226.88.59：7779/CE1OutENGWeb/. This article also presents the detailed specifications of various instru- ments and gives examples of research progress made based on these instruments. 相似文献
8.
Jean-Sébastien Moquet Laurence Maurice Alain Crave Jérôme Viers Nore Arevalo Christelle Lagane Waldo Lavado-Casimiro Jean-Loup Guyot 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2014,20(6):613-637
The dissolved load of the Amazon River is generally considered to be lowly impacted by anthropogenic activities. In this work, based on the chemical and hydrological database of the Environmental Research Observatory—HYBAM (http://www.ore-hybam.org), we explore the importance of the Peruvian Foreland petroleum activity on the dissolved Na and Cl fluxes of the Amazon River. The main result of this study allows us suggesting that oil extraction activity, concentrated in the El Tigre River basin, a small foreland watershed in the Peruvian Amazon, influenced drastically the Na and Cl exportation of the Amazon River during the 2006–2007 period. During these years, the dissolved exportations of this basin represented almost 20 % of the annual dissolved Cl Amazon flux and almost 12 % of the annual dissolved Na Amazon flux for a mean annual discharge <1 % of the Amazon River discharge. Since the last decades, the anthropogenic activities are increasing over the whole Amazon basin, especially in Andean countries. In this context, our results demonstrate that extractive activity cannot be considered as negligible on the hydro-chemistry of the Amazonian Rivers especially for the weathering budget estimation based on river-dissolved loads. Moreover, Cl and Na can be used to trace the formation waters derived from oil extraction at a large spatial scale. The environmental impacts of contaminants associated with deep water released to the hydrosystem (polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons, metallic trace elements, etc.) at local and regional scales are still underestimated and should be monitored to map their local and regional influence and to prevent their risks on human health. 相似文献
9.
Manganese and iron are essential nutrients at low doses. However, long-term exposure in high doses may be harmful. Human activities and natural sources are responsible for manganese and iron contamination in water. This study aimed to investigate the source of high manganese and iron contents in shallow groundwater, where the groundwater is used for drinking purpose, and to decrease the excess manganese and iron from shallow groundwater. Based on the on-site analytical results taken from the wells in the study area, iron contents in water samples varied between 30 and 200 μg/L, which were under the allowable limits of Turkish Drinking Water Standards (TDWS) (Water intended for human consumption, http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/02/20050217-3.htm, 2005). However, manganese levels varied from 30 to 248 μg/L, which some of them are higher than the allowable limits of TDWS (Water intended for human consumption, http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2005/02/20050217-3.htm, 2005) (50 μg/L), and EPA (http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/index.cfm, 2006) (50 μg/L). The source of excess manganese is originated mainly from geogenic source besides Porsuk River interaction in shallow aquifer in the specific section of the study area. To decrease high manganese content from the well water and reservoir water, laboratory and in situ treatment tests were applied. Among these tests, chlorination, associated with filtration (by fine sand, active carbon and zeolite) and the use of different filtration procedures by cation exchange resin were determined as the most effective methods, which was not previously applied on-site as a combinative approaches to reduce the excess manganese in water. 相似文献
10.
Feng Gao Xueyan Zhao Xiaoyu Song Bao Wang Penglong Wang Yibo Niu Weijun Wang Chunlin Huang 《地球科学进展》2019,34(3):295-305
The construction of Beautiful China is the vital way to realize ecological civilization and build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a new goal and a good vision for building a community with a shared future for mankind. This work deeply analyzed the historical evolution of the "Beautiful China" thought, its relationship with sustainable development and ecological civilization, and expounded the scientific connotation and key evaluation dimension of "Beautiful China". At the same time, the evaluation index system based on the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and supported by multi-source data such as Big Earth Data, network data and statistical data was constructed to provide reference for the evaluation of “Beautiful China”. The research showed that: The essence of Beautiful China is a complex “areal system of man-land relationship” composed of natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems; “Blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony” are the perfect interpretations of the construction of Beautiful China; The work builds a comprehensive index system of “Beautiful China” from the aspects of “blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony”. The index system consists of 13 specific targets and 43 specific evaluation indicators. 相似文献
11.
V. S. Avedisova 《Astronomy Reports》2002,46(3):193-205
This Catalog of Star-Forming Regions in the Galaxy contains coordinates and fluxes of young objects in the radio and infrared, as well as data on the radial velocities of recombination and molecular lines, for more than three thousand star-forming regions. In addition to photometric and kinematic data, we present information on diffuse and reflecting nebulae, dark and molecular clouds, and other objects related to young stars. The catalog consists of two parts. The main catalog lists star-forming regions in order of Galactic longitude and is supplemented by analogous information for star-forming regions in complexes of dark clouds with large angular sizes that are closest to the Sun. The main catalog is located at http://www.strasbg.-u.fr/pub/cats. In our preliminary study of the catalog data using a formal classification of the star-forming regions, we subdivided these objects into several classes and characterized them as being populated primarily by massive or low-mass stars at early or late stages of the star-formation process. We also distinguish between relatively nearby and distant complexes. 相似文献
12.
Within the TERENO initiative, four terrestrial observatories, collecting huge amounts of environmental data, are being set up since 2008. To manage, describe, exchange and publish these data, the distributed Spatial Data Infrastructure TEODOOR (http://www.tereno.net) was created. Each institution responsible for an individual observatory sets up its own local data infrastructure, which may communicate with each other to exchange data and metadata internally or to the public by OGC compliant Web services. The TEODOOR data portal serves as a database node to provide scientists and decision makers with reliable and well-accessible data and data products. Various tools like hierarchical search or Web-GIS functions allow a deeper insight into the different observatories, test sites and sensor networks. Sensor data can be queried and selected for measured parameters, stations and/or time periods, and can be visualized and downloaded according to a shared TERENO data policy. Currently, TEODOOR provides free access to data from more than 500 monitoring stations. 相似文献
13.
Catchments as reactors: a comprehensive approach for water fluxes and solute turnover 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Peter Grathwohl Hermann Rügner Thomas Wöhling Karsten Osenbrück Marc Schwientek Sebastian Gayler Ute Wollschläger Benny Selle Marion Pause Jens-Olaf Delfs Matthias Grzeschik Ulrich Weller Martin Ivanov Olaf A. Cirpka Ulrich Maier Bertram Kuch Wolfgang Nowak Volker Wulfmeyer Kirsten Warrach-Sagi Thilo Streck Sabine Attinger Lars Bilke Peter Dietrich Jan H. Fleckenstein Thomas Kalbacher Olaf Kolditz Karsten Rink Luis Samaniego Hans-Jörg Vogel Ulrike Werban Georg Teutsch 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):317-333
Sustainable water quality management requires a profound understanding of water fluxes (precipitation, run-off, recharge, etc.) and solute turnover such as retention, reaction, transformation, etc. at the catchment or landscape scale. The Water and Earth System Science competence cluster (WESS, http://www.wess.info/) aims at a holistic analysis of the water cycle coupled to reactive solute transport, including soil–plant–atmosphere and groundwater–surface water interactions. To facilitate exploring the impact of land-use and climate changes on water cycling and water quality, special emphasis is placed on feedbacks between the atmosphere, the land surface, and the subsurface. A major challenge lies in bridging the scales in monitoring and modeling of surface/subsurface versus atmospheric processes. The field work follows the approach of contrasting catchments, i.e. neighboring watersheds with different land use or similar watersheds with different climate. This paper introduces the featured catchments and explains methodologies of WESS by selected examples. 相似文献
14.
A. Gandin M. Tongiorgi A. Rau C. Virgili 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1982,71(3):881-894
In Southwestern Mediterranean Europe (NE Spain, Sardinia and NW Apennines e. g. Monti Pisani and Punta Bianca) the Middle-Triassic transgression on a margin of an intracratonic basin appears to be controlled by the different morphology and tectonic activity of the margin itself. The analysis of some sequences leads to recognize three different kinds of margins:
- margin with a narrow shelf sloping toward a very shallow restricted basin (Central and Southwestern Sardinia);
- margin with a broad shelf gently sloping toward a shallow basin (NE Spain, Monti Pisani, NW Sardinia);
- margin with a narrow shelf and steep slope marked by tectonic and volcanic activity (Punta Bianca).
15.
Juan Porta Jorge Parapar Paula García Gracia Fernández Juan Touriño Ramón Doallo Francisco Ónega Inés Santé Pablo Díaz David Miranda Rafael Crecente 《Earth Science Informatics》2013,6(4):209-226
Land abandonment and stagnation of rural markets in the last few years have become one of the main concerns of rural administrations. The use of Web and GIS (Geographic Information System) technologies can help to mitigate the effects of these problems. This paper pro-poses a novel Web-GIS tool with spatial capabilities for the dynamization of rural land markets by encouraging the transfer of land from owners to farmers through the leasing of plots. The system, based on open source software, offers information about the properties, their environment and their owners. It uses standards for handling the geographic information and for communicating with external data sources. This system was used as the basis for the development of SITEGAL, the tool for the management of the Land Bank of Galicia (www.bantegal.com/sitegal). SITEGAL has been operational since 2007 obtaining benefits for both administration and users (farmers and land owners), and promoting the e-Government. 相似文献
16.
17.
Characterising and modelling the excavation damaged zone in crystalline rock in the context of radioactive waste disposal 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
John A. Hudson A. Bäckström J. Rutqvist L. Jing T. Backers M. Chijimatsu R. Christiansson X.-T. Feng A. Kobayashi T. Koyama H.-S. Lee I. Neretnieks P.-Z. Pan M. Rinne B.-T. Shen 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(6):1275-1297
This paper describes current knowledge about the nature of and potential for thermo–hydro–mechanical–chemical modelling of the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) around the excavations for an underground radioactive waste repository. In the first part of the paper, the disturbances associated with excavation are explained, together with reviews of Workshops that have been held on the subject. In the second part of the paper, the results of a DECOVALEX [DEmonstration of COupled models and their VALidation against EXperiment: research funded by an international consortium of radioactive waste regulators and implementers (http://www.decovalex.com)] research programme on modelling the EDZ are presented. Four research teams used four different models to simulate the complete stress–strain curve for Avro granite from the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory. Subsequent research extended the work to computer simulation of the evolution of the repository using a ‘wall-block model’ and a ‘near-field model’. This included assessing the evolution of stress, failure and permeability and time-dependent effects during repository evolution. As discussed, all the computer models are well suited to sensitivity studies for evaluating the influence of their respective supporting parameters on the complete stress–strain curve for rock and for modelling the EDZ. 相似文献
18.
SPASE—for Space Physics Archive Search and Extract—is a group with a charter to promote collaboration and sharing of data for the Space Plasma Physics community. A major activity is the definition of the SPASE Data Model which defines the metadata necessary to describe resources in the broader heliophysics data environment. The SPASE Data Model is primarily a controlled vocabulary with hierarchical relationships and with the ability to form associations between described resources. It is the result of many years of effort by an international collaboration (see http://www.spase-group.org) to unify and improve on existing Space and Solar Physics data models. The genesis of the SPASE group can be traced to 1998 when a small group of individuals saw a need for a data model. Today SPASE has a large international participation from many of the major space research organizations. The design of the data model is based on a set of principles derived from evaluation of the existing heliophysics data environment. The development guidelines for the data model are consistent with ISO-2788 (expanded in ANSI/NISO Z39.19) and the administration for the data model is comparable to that described in the ISO standards ISO-11179 and ISO-20943. Since the release of version 1.0 of the data model in 2005, the model has undergone a series of evolutions. SPASE released version 2.0 of its data model in April 2009. This version presents a significant change from the previous release. It includes the capability to describe a wider range of data products and to describe expert annotations which can be associated with a resource. Additional improvements include an enhanced capability to describe resource associations and a more unified approach to describing data products. Version 2.0 of the SPASE Data Model provides a solid foundation for continued integration of worldwide research activities and the open sharing of data. 相似文献
19.
Uwe R. Kackstaetter 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2014,6(2):170-181
Normative mineralogical calculations from bulk geochemistry of sedimentary rocks are problematic because of variable depositional environments, particle hydraulics and sedimentary source systems. The development of SEDMIN, a Microsoft Excel? spreadsheet solution, is a practical attempt for a computational routine focusing specifically on smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, illite and the ambiguous sericite within various pelitic sedimentary lithologies. While in essence a mathematical approach, the use of statistical evaluation of empirical lithogeochemical data combined with modal analytical procedures yields reasonable geochemical associations, more precise chemical phases and revised procedural allotment paradigms. Thus, an algorithm using TiO2 as a key to the normative calculation of kaolinite is proposed. Incorporating additional parameters, such as LOI (Loss-on-ignition) in conjunction with carbon, sulfur, carbonate and sulfate, provides that clay phases can be more accurately determined than from bulk oxides alone. Even when presented with atypical sample data, the spreadsheet solution is able to accurately predict predominant clay minerals. Besides some drawbacks, the likely benefit from SEDMIN is the incorporation of results in classification norms and diagrams indicative of sedimentary lithologies. The ”SEDMIN Sedimentary Mineral Calculator.xlsx” spreadsheet can be freely downloaded from http://earthscienceeducation.net/SEDMINSedimentaryMineralCalculator.xlsx. 相似文献