共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
《地震地质》2016,(2)
汾渭裂谷带由2组走向不同的盆地组成:以拉张为主的NEE向盆地(或盆地系)和以右旋走滑为主的NNE向盆地。相邻NEE向盆地(或盆地系)间的连接区由NNE向盆地和地垒组成。汾渭裂谷带南、北段总体走向NEE并以拉张为主,中段总体走向NNE且具走滑兼拉张的性质。汾渭裂谷带各段具有以下特征:各裂谷段新生代盆地按照先南、再北、后中段的时间顺序形成;盆地连接区规模依中、北、南段递减;忻定盆地东端平行于裂谷带北段走向延伸成NEE向,西端沿逆时针方向旋转成NNE向,而临汾盆地与忻定盆地呈近似反对称的展布。但是已有模拟实验或数值实验均无法解释这些特征,原因在于它们忽略了裂谷分段性对NEE向盆地及其连接区演化的控制作用。文中结合已有地质调查资料,基于黏土实验和数字图像相关方法,观测了在基底的分段右旋剪切拉张作用下上覆黏土盖层的裂陷过程,并对黏土盖层表面的变形场时空演化进行了定量分析。实验再现了汾渭裂谷带的主要构造特征,结果表明:1)裂谷带南、北、中段偏斜角(裂谷带两侧块体的相对运动方向与裂谷带走向之间的夹角)的依次递减是造成NEE向盆地的形成时间和连接区规模在各裂谷段呈现上述特征的原因。2)相邻NEE向盆地的相互作用是形成具有右旋剪切拉张的NNE向连接区的原因。3)相邻裂谷段之间的相互作用可能是造成忻定盆地和临汾盆地特殊构造特征的原因。因此,汾渭裂谷带各段的构造差异主要源于各段偏斜角的差异。但模型还存在不足之处,其中值得进一步完善的是模型未考虑汾渭裂谷带先存构造的影响,因而未能详细模拟汾渭裂谷带南、北段内盆地的构造特征。 相似文献
2.
运用波浪镶嵌构造观点，对临汾盆地的构造背景和地震活动规律进行了探讨，认为临汾盆地正好位于环太平洋波系和特提斯波系壳下次级构造隆起的叠加部位，其地震活动明显受这２大波系的控制，即临汾大地震是在２大波系构造同时强烈活动时发生的，单方向构造活动，不足以引发临汾大地震。认为临汾盆地大震活动的周期约４００年，其活跃期约１００年，平静期约３００年。 相似文献
3.
4.
秦岭南缘晚古生代裂谷——有限洋盆沉积作用及构造演化 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
秦岭南缘晚古生代裂谷——有限洋盆的发展使南秦岭逐渐与扬子地块分离。对此裂谷——有限洋盆带南部边缘的二个地区进行了详细沉积学研究,并建立起沉积体系的时空变化格架。研究结果显示裂谷带在不同地区的发展不尽相同。西部(勉略)地区明显经历了早期快速沉降和晚期缓慢沉降的二个阶段,并且在二个阶段的沉降层序间出现裂开不整合面。结合对勉略带内蛇绿混杂岩的构造分析和同位素研究,秦岭南缘在晚古生代发生了裂谷-扩张转换,出现有限洋盆。此裂谷——有限洋盆带的演化过程与古特提斯构造发展阶段的可对比性说明它们之间存在着一定的成因关系。 相似文献
5.
沿中央海岭,延伸的地壳以10~1 000km的尺度分段（MacDonald et al,1988）。在裂谷段相互错开的地方,段与段之间的运动由垂直于主裂谷轴方向的转换断层所容纳。在段叠加的地方,不同几何形状的非转换断层（Grindlay et al,1991）容纳剪切运动。这里,我们采用微震数据来分析冰岛北部出露的两个叠加裂谷段的断层几何形状。在这两个裂谷段之间,我们识别了沿主裂谷走向排列的一系列断层。这些断层为左旋走滑运动。而叠加裂谷段之间的运动则是右旋运动。这些运动一起产生了断层的顺时针旋转,致使地壳块体按书架型断层机制（类似于书架上倾斜放置的书的排列而得名）运动（Mandl,1987）。这些断层或许活化了已经存在的地壳软弱面,如原始走向平行于主裂谷并具有15°顺时针旋转的岩脉侵入体。先期存在、平行于裂谷的软弱面的活化与典型的中央海岭转换断层相反,说明非转换断层容纳着叠加段之间的剪切错动。 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2015,(1)
重力异常是地下不同规模、形态和埋深的不均匀地质体的综合响应.通过从重力异常中提取目标地质体异常,可以探测隐伏矿床、岩体或构造.而重力异常的高阶垂向导数不仅可以通过突出浅而小的地质体异常、压制区域性深部地质因素的影响来提高局部地质因素分辨能力,还可以区分水平叠加异常,确定地质体或构造边界.但阶数越高的导数,带来的高频干扰越严重.相对于其它高阶导数而言,垂向二阶导数是一种较为成熟的位场数据处理和解释方法.本文通过对攀西地区重力异常垂向二阶导数的特征分析,推断了攀西裂谷基本结构,并将其与区内已知金属矿床及重要成矿带分布位置对比,由此发现,区内主要金属矿床和成矿带均沿裂谷带分布,且沿裂谷轴部分布最为密集.结合攀西裂谷成因机制,进一步指出,区内金属矿找矿方向主要沿与岩浆热液作用密切相关的裂谷构造发育端展布. 相似文献
7.
藏南错那-沃卡裂谷的第四纪正断层作用及其特征 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
地表调查发现,位于西藏南部的错那-沃卡裂谷带包含了3个相对独立的地堑-半地堑——沃卡、邛多江和错那-拿日雍错地堑(从北到南),并构成了该区重要的近SN向控震构造带。该裂谷带整体的展布方式及其中各地堑主边界断裂带的正断层活动指示了100°±2°的区域伸展方向。各边界断裂带的活动强度分析表明,断裂的平均垂直活动速率介于0·3~1·9mm/a。其中,末次盛冰以来合理的活动速率估算值为1·2~1·5mm/a,而末次间冰期以来的活动速率只有(0·6±0·3)mm/a,暗示该裂谷带的断裂活动行为可能类似于地震的丛集活动,存在间歇期与活跃期交替出现的特点。综合分析认为,中-下地壳物质的近EW向伸展或流动所导致的上地壳均匀拉张模式可能是该裂谷带的主要成因 相似文献
8.
H. Schouten D. K. Smith L. G. J. Montesi Wenlu Zhu E. M. Klein 陈升译 陶春辉校 吕春来复校 《世界地震译丛》2012,(2):77-83
加拉帕戈斯三联点是由科科斯板块、纳斯卡板块和太平洋板块在加拉帕戈斯微板块处汇聚形成的脊-脊-脊型三向连接构造。在科科斯—纳斯卡裂谷的大部分内斜坡以北区域,长约250km、宽约50km的西北—东南向的火山岩裂谷横插在东太平洋海隆的南北向海山上。在过去的4百万年中,东北—西南向的东太平洋海隆为一系列的较小裂谷提供了条件,使得那些小裂谷通常与东太平洋海隆共同形成三联点,而且与正在扩张的科科斯—纳斯卡裂谷有50～100km的距离。本文假设该裂谷的位置是由压力控制的,并且压力与占主导作用的科科斯—纳斯卡裂谷相关,随着与东太平洋海隆的距离增大而增大。我们推测,在科科斯—纳斯卡裂谷的南侧也曾有类似的短暂性的裂谷发生,并且曾有助于旋转的加拉帕戈斯微板块的初期形成(大约是1.5百万年)。 相似文献
9.
鄂尔多斯块体东部边界带为南起渭河盆地、运城盆地,经临汾盆地、太原盆地,忻定盆地,北至大同盆地及怀来延庆盆地等新生代断陷盆地带。亦称山西裂谷带或山西隆起断陷带。 相似文献
10.
琼州海峡裂谷成因的火山活动标志 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
张虎男 《地震地磁观测与研究》1996,(4)
根据雷琼地区存在大规模火山活动以及新生界明显地由断陷的南、北侧向海峡急剧增厚的事实，结合近年来海峡地区的物探成果，论证了琼州海峡的裂谷成因，是上地幔物质上涌的结果。该地区的高热流值、高地热增温率和强震活动都说明，琼州海峡是现今仍具有一定活动性的裂谷构造。 相似文献
11.
Several morphotectonic features trending NW-SE have been reported along the continental slope of Israel, and the Palmahim structure served as a model for their present tectonic interpretation. It is suggested that the Palmahim structure is a large strike-slip fault, extending from the continental shelf to the marine Levantine Platform along some 80 km, and is associated with various secondary faulted and folded structures. The fault has been active apparently since at least the Upper Miocene, but the intensity of the tectonic activity seems to have decreased since the Pleistocene. There are grounds to assume that the NW-SE-trending faults in the continental slope correlate to the tectonic activities in the Coastal Plain and in the Dead Sea Rift Valley. 相似文献
12.
13.
H.D. Needham P. Choukroune J.L. Cheminee X. Le Pichon J. Francheteau P. Tapponnier 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1976,28(3):439-453
The Ardouko?ba Rift, subaerially exposed for ～12 km between the Ghoubbat-al-Kharab and Lake Asal in the French Territory of the Afars and Issas (northeast Africa), has intrinsic features and a regional setting consistent with arguments that it is the site of crustal accretion at approximately the same rate as that found along the rifted Mid-Oceanic Ridge (～2 cm/yr). The ～11 km wide Central Zone of the Ardouko?ba Rift has an internal relief of less than ～300 m and is set between step-like ridges standing up to 800 m above the deepest part of the rift. The lower inward-facing scarps of the Central Zone border a narrow Inner Floor. The Central Zone of the typically ～25–35 km wide oceanic Rift Valley can have a greater and rougher relief and has a width of ～8–16 km, but deep areas with an internal relief of <400 m have a maximum width that is about the same as that of the corresponding area in the Ardouko?ba Rift (～11 km). The width of the Inner Floor of the Ardouko?ba Rift varies from 2 to 5 km; in the oceanic Rift Valley the range is from less than 1 to ～9 km. Equivalence of tectonic and volcanic processes in the two settings has not been demonstrated; but a comparison of a segment of the Rift Valley in the FAMOUS area near 36°50′N in the Atlantic with the Ardouko?ba Rift encourages the tentative use of evidence from the latter to complement arguments about the pattern of vulcanism and scarp formation in the oceanic Rift Valley as a whole. The Inner Floor of the Rift Valley is the main site of horizontal extension without vertical displacements, of normal faulting that involves little or no accumulation of vertical offsets, and of constructional vulcanism, which may be further concentrated along narrow (～1 km wide) fissured zones. The normal faulting that disrupts and constrains more or less orderly growth of the Inner Floor may happen in such a way that the new graben that become new Inner Floors are laterally offset with respect to the middle line of the Rift Valley and to the axis of symmetry of a hypothetical block accounting for the central positive magnetic anomaly.Additional complexities may be introduced by syntectonic and post-tectonic vulcanism, and by normal fault displacement at any one time of young crust along only part of the distance between transform faults. Thus, although opening rate can always be equated in principle with total addition of new crust to the two plates, the assumption is suspect that the concept of spreading rate (rate of addition of crust to one plate or the other) can necessarily be applied precisely to the central part of the Rift Valley. In more general terms, the physical meaning of interpolated spreading rates on the time scale of magnetic anomalies is worth questioning. On evidence from the Rift Valley, the spreading rates need not reflect monotonic additions of new crust, and rocks of the same inferred age from opposite plates may not have the same composition. The problem is highlighted by the apparently symmetrical growth of the North Atlantic over long periods of time. 相似文献
14.
The Rift Valley between 36° 42′N and 36° 55′N in the Atlantic Ocean is 31 km wide, with half-widths of 12 and 19 km for the western and eastern sides respectively. Both outer edges of the Rift Valley stand about 1500 m above an Inner Floor where very fresh pillow lavas occur. The Inner Floor probably includes the locus of new crust; and its bordering slopes, which are particularly well-defined on the western side, limit to less than about 2.5 km the width of the zone over which new crust may have evolved with little or no vertical displacement. The width of the locus of new crust may be less than 0.5 km between 36° 45′N and 36° 47′N, where the deepest slopes of the Rift Valley walls nearly merge. Near 36° 50′N, the Inner Floor accommodates an approximately 1 km wide, 4 km long Central High, with a height of up to 250 m. In this area, the locus of new crust may also occupy a very narrow zone; it may lie either along the Central High or along a trough flanking the Central High. The magnetic anomaly pattern indicates that, since the beginning of the Brunhes epoch (6.9 × 105 yr B.P.), the eastern limb has grown approximately twice as fast as the western limb. Using extrapolated spreading rates, the ages of the outer edges of the Rift Valley are 1.3 and 1.7 m.y. for the eastern and western sides respectively. Comparison with data for the Rift Valley in other parts of the ocean further suggests that the residence time of new crust in the Rift Valley is about 1.5 m.y. Uplift of crust from the Inner Floor, which may be dominated by lithospheric thickening, may thus be primarily a function of age. 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
G. M. Di Paola 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1971,35(2):497-506
The Corbetti Caldera area, a recent volcanic complex in the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley, is described. In the area, most of the volcanic products are peralkaline pyroclastics (ignimbrites and pumice). The volcanological history of this complex has been reconstructed. It comprises fissure eruptions, which were followed by a volcano-tectonic collapse. Finally the activity resumed with the birth of two recent peralkaline volcanoes (Urji and Chabbi) inside the caidera. Both these volcanoes are at present in a fumarolic stage. Relations between the tectonic of the Rift Valley and the volcanological evolution of the Caldera Corbetti Area are discussed. 相似文献
18.
利用2006年8月到2008年3月北京大学在山西断陷带南部架设的两条东西向流动观测地震台阵记录的远震资料,提取各台站接收函数,然后进行倾斜叠加(Slant stack)和台阵偏移成像,获得了沿台阵横穿山西断陷带的地壳和上地幔的精细结构变化.研究结果显示,山西断陷带下面莫霍面存在明显不连续,莫霍面上隆约4~6 km,纵横波速比从两侧的1.75上升为山西断陷带内部2.0左右,且中、下地壳可能存在一个低速层.山西断陷带的构造模式沿相距140 km的两条剖面表现出明显差异:南端的临汾盆地为拉张作用下的纯剪切模式,向北转化为太原盆地的简单剪切模式. 相似文献
19.
Fresh and mineral waters from the eastern margin of the Suez Rift Valley are described. They include a fair number of sources that resemble the mineral waters in the Jordan Rift Valley. The term Tiberias-Farun water is thus suggested to describe them. They are characterized compositionally by Cl > Na (in equiv.), the presence of NaCl and MgCl2, a Cl/Br ratio (by weight) around 150, elevated radium and H2S content, elevated temperature, a light stable-isotope composition and high carbon-14 age.
The Tiberias-Farun waters are suggested to have originated from entrapped seawater that gradually changed in composition by interaction with aquifer rocks. Such changes were demonstrated to take place in the laboratory experiments. 相似文献
20.
本文通过对山西临汾中心地震台大地电场资料分析,给出了农田灌溉、雷电、高压直流输电、铁丝网接地等几种常见自然因素引起的典型干扰曲线形态,以及河津、洪洞2次地震前的异常电信号图像特征,为今后观测数据处理、日常会商及异常跟踪分析等工作提供参考。 相似文献