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1.
Phosphoinnelite, an analogue of innelite with P > S, has been found in a peralkaline pegmatite vein crosscutting calcite carbonatite at the phlogopite deposit, Kovdor pluton, Kola Peninsula. Cancrinite (partly replaced with thomsonite-Ca), orthoclase, aegirine-augite, pectolite, magnesioarfvedsonite, golyshevite, and fluorapatite are associated minerals. Phosphoinnelite occurs as lath-shaped crystals up to 0.2 × 1 × 6 mm in size, which are combined typically in bunch-, sheaf-, and rosettelike segregations. The color is yellow-brown, with vitreous luster on crystal faces and greasy luster on broken surfaces. The mineral is transparent. The streak is pale yellowish. Phosphoinnelite is brittle, with perfect cleavage parallel to the {010} and good cleavage parallel to the {100}; the fracture is stepped. The Mohs hardness is 4.5 to 5. Density is 3.82 g/cm3 (meas.) and 3.92 g/cm3 (calc.). Phosphoinnelite is biaxial (+), α = 1.730, β = 1.745, and γ = 1.764, 2V (meas.) is close to 90°. Optical orientation is Z^c ∼ 5°. Chemical composition determined by electron microprobe is as follows (wt %): 6.06 Na2O, 0.04 K2O, 0.15 CaO, 0.99 SrO, 41.60 BaO, 0.64 MgO, 1.07 MnO, 1.55 Fe2O3, 0.27 Al2O3, 17.83 SiO2, 16.88 TiO2, 0.74 Nb2O5, 5.93 P2O5, 5.29 SO3, 0.14 F, −O=F2 = −0.06, total is 99.12. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of (Si,Al)4O14 is (Ba3.59Sr0.13K0.01)Σ3.73(Na2.59Mg0.21Ca0.04)Σ3.04(Ti2.80Fe 0.26 3+ Nb0.07)Σ3.13[(Si3.93Al0.07)Σ4O14(P1.11S0.87)Σ1.98O7.96](O2.975F0.10)Σ3.075. The simplified formula is Ba4Na3Ti3Si4O14(PO4,SO4)2(O,F)3. The mineral is triclinic, space group P or P1. The unit cell dimensions are a = 5.38, b = 7.10, c = 14.76 ?; α = 99.00°, β = 94.94°, γ = 90.14°; and V = 555 ?3, Z = 1. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder pattern [d, ? in (I)(hkl)] are: 14.5(100)(001), 3.455(40)(103), 3.382(35)(0 2), 2.921(35)(005), 2.810(40)(1 4), 2.683(90)(200, 01), 2.133(80)( 2), 2.059(40)(204, 1 3, 221), 1.772(30)(0 1, 1 7, 2 2, 2 3). The infrared spectrum is demonstrated. An admixture of P substituting S has been detected in the innelite samples from the Inagli pluton (South Yakutia, Russia). An innelite-phosphoinnelite series with a variable S/P ratio has been discovered. The type material of phosphoinnelite has been deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Original Russian Text ? I.V. Pekov, N.V. Chukanov, I.M. Kulikova, D.I. Belakovsky, 2006, published in Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 2006, No. 3, pp. 52–60. Considered and recommended by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, Russian Mineralogical Society, May 9, 2005. Approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association, July 4, 2005 (proposal 2005-022).  相似文献   

2.
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3.
Oxyphlogopite is a new mica-group mineral with the idealized formula K(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2. The holotype material came from a basalt quarry at Mount Rothenberg near Mendig at the Eifel volcanic complex in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The mineral occurs as crystals up to 4 × 4 × 0.2 mm in size encrusting cavity walls in alkali basalt. The associated minerals are nepheline, plagioclase, sanidine, augite, diopside, and magnetite. Its color is dark brown, its streak is brown, and its luster is vitreous. D meas = 3.06(1) g/cm3 (flotation in heavy liquids), and D calc = 3.086 g/cm3. The IR spectrun does not contain bands of OH groups. Oxyphlogopite is biaxial (negative); α = 1.625(3), β = 1.668(1), and γ = 1.669(1); and 2V meas = 16(2)° and 2V calc = 17°. The dispersion is strong; r < ν. The pleochroism is medium; X > Y > Z (brown to dark brown). The chemical composition is as follows (electron microprobe, mean of 5 point analyses, wt %; the ranges are given in parentheses; the H2O was determined using the Alimarin method; the Fe2+/Fe3+ was determined with X-ray emission spectroscopy): Na2O 0.99 (0.89–1.12), K2O 7.52 (7.44–7.58), MgO 14.65 (14.48–14.80), CaO 0.27 ((0.17–0.51), FeO 4.73, Fe2O3 7.25 (the range of the total iron in the form of FeO is 11.09–11.38), Al2O3 14.32 (14.06–14.64), Cr2O3 0.60 (0.45–0.69), SiO2 34.41 (34.03–34.66), TiO2 12.93 (12.69–13.13), F 3.06 (2.59–3.44), H2O 0.14; O=F2 −1.29; 99/58 in total. The empirical formula is (K0.72Na0.14Ca0.02)(Mg1.64Ti0.73Fe0.302+ Fe0.273+Cr0.04)Σ2.98(Si2.59Al1.27Fe0.143+ O10) O1.20F0.73(OH)0.07. The crystal structure was refined on a single crystal. Oxyphlogopite is monoclinic with space group C2/m; the unit-cell parameters are as follows: a = 5.3165(1), b = 9.2000(2), c = 10.0602(2) ?, β = 100.354(2)°. The presence of Ti results in the strong distortion of octahedron M(2). The strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d, ? (I, %) [hkl]] are as follows: 9.91(32) [001], 4.53(11) 110], 3.300(100) [003], 3.090(12) [112], 1.895(21) [005], 1.659(12) [−135], 1.527(16) [−206, 060]. The type specimens of oxyphlogopite are deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum in Moscow, Russia; the registration numbers are 3884/2 (holotype) and 3884/1 (cotype).  相似文献   

4.
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5.
Kyanoxalite, a new member of the cancrinite group, has been identified in hydrothermally altered hyperalkaline rocks and pegmatites of the Lovozero alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. It was found at Mount Karnasurt (holotype) in association with nepheline, aegirine, sodalite, nosean, albite, lomonosovite, murmanite, fluorapatite, loparite, and natrolite and at Mt. Alluaiv. Kyanoxalite is transparent, ranging in color from bright light blue, greenish light blue and grayish light blue to colorless. The new mineral is brittle, with a perfect cleavage parallel to (100). Mohs hardness is 5–5.5. The measured and calculated densitiesare 2.30(1) and 2.327 g/cm3, respectively. Kyanoxalite is uniaxial, negative, ω = 1.794(1), ɛ = 1.491(1). It is pleochroic from colorless along E to light blue along O. The IR spectrum indicates the presence of oxalate anions C2O42− and water molecules in the absence of CO32− Oxalate ions are confirmed by anion chromatography. The chemical composition (electron microprobe; water was determined by a modified Penfield method and carbon was determined by selective sorption from annealing products) is as follows, wt %: 19.70 Na2O, 1.92 K2O, 0.17 CaO, 27.41 Al2O3, 38.68 SiO2, 0.64 P2O5, 1.05 SO3, 3.23 C2O3, 8.42 H2O; the total is 101.18. The empirical formula (Z = 1) is (Na6.45K0.41Ca0.03)Σ6.89(Si6.53Al5.46O24)[(C2O4)0.455(SO4)0.13(PO4)0.09(OH)0.01]Σ0.68 · 4.74H2O. The idealized formula is Na7(Al5−6Si6−7O24)(C2O4)0.5−1 · 5H2O. Kyanoxalite is hexagonal, the space group is P63, a = 12.744(8), c = 5.213(6) -ray powder diffraction pattern are as follows, [d, [A] (I, %)(hkl)]: 6.39(44) (110), 4.73 (92) (101), 3.679 (72) (300), 3.264 (100) (211, 121), 2.760 (29) (400), 2.618 (36) (002), 2.216, (29) (302, 330). According to the X-ray single crystal study (R = 0.033), two independent C2O4 groups statistically occupy the sites on the axis 63. The new mineral is the first natural silicate with an additional organic anion and is the most hydrated member of the cancrinite group. Its name reflects the color (κɛανgoΣς is light blue in Greek) and the species-forming role of oxalate anions. The holotype is deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, registration no. 3735/1.  相似文献   

6.
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7.
The extinct Quaternary Kerimasi volcano located in the southern part of the Gregory Rift, northern Tanzania, contains both intrusive and extrusive calciocarbonatites. One carbonate mineral with a high content of Na and Ca has been found in a sample of volcanic carbonatite, which is probably a cumulate rock. On the basis of Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS, this mineral was identified as nyerereite, ideally Na2Ca(CO3)2. It occurs as solid inclusions up to 300 × 200 μm in size in magnetite and contains (wt. %) 25.4–27.4 Na2O, 26.0–26.8 CaO, 1.6–1.9 K2O, 0.6–1.8 FeO, 0.3–0.6 SrO, <0.4 BaO, 1.4–2.3 SO3, and 0.6–0.9 P2O5. The average mineral formula is (Na1.84K0.08)Σ1.92(Ca1.00Fe0.03Sr0.01)Σ1.04[(CO3)1.91(SO4)0.05(PO4)0.02]Σ1.98. A few inclusions in magnetite also contain calcite, which is considered here to be a late-stage, subsolidus mineral. The occurrence of nyerereite in carbonatite supports Hay’s (1983) idea that some of the extrusive carbonatites at the Kerimasi volcano were originally alkaline rich and contained both calcite and nyerereite as primary minerals.  相似文献   

8.
根据X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现: A Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6(A=K+、H3O+)系列铁钒的XRD数据十分相近,难以用XRD区别,需通过能谱(EDS)辅助分析,才能区分此类铁矾。另外,此类铁矾的003和107面网间距d随K+含量增大而增大,且呈一元三次方程的关系;而033和220面网间距d随K+含量增大而减小,呈一元二次方程的关系。对该现象从铁矾晶体结构方面进行解释:K+、H3O+离子位于较大空隙中,且沿着Z轴方向排列,当K+、H3O+离子之间相互替换时,会导致该铁矾晶体结构在Z轴方向有较明显的变化。  相似文献   

9.
Karchevskyite, a new mineral related to the family of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), has been found in the Iron open pit at the Kovdor carbonatite massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The mineral occurs as spherulites of up to 1.5 mm in diameter composed of thin, curved lamellae. Dolomite, magnetite, quintinite-3T, strontium carbonate, and fluorapatite are associated minerals. Karchevskyite is white in aggregates and colorless in separate platelets. Its luster is vitreous with a pearly shine on the cleavage surface. The new mineral is nonfluorescent. The Mohs hardness is 2. The cleavage is eminent (micalike), parallel to {001}. The measured density is 2.21(2) g/cm3, and the calculated value is 2.18(1) g/cm3. Karchevskyite is colorless and nonpleochroic in immersion liquids. It is uniaxial, negative, ω = 1.542(2), and ? = 1.534(2). The chemical composition (electron microprobe, average of ten point analyses, standard deviation in parentheses, wt %) is as follows: 29.7(1.1) MgO, 18.3(0.7) Al2O3, 7.4(0.4) SrO, 0.2(0.1) CaO, 1.3(0.2) P2O5, 14.5(0.4) CO2, and 28.6 H2O (estimated by difference); the total is 100. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of nine Al atoms is Mg18.00Al9.00(OH)54.00(Sr1.79Mg0.48Ca0.09)2.36 (Ca3)8.26(PO4)0.46(H2O)6.54(H3O)4.18. The idealized formula is [Mg18Al9(OH)54][Sr2(CO3, PO4)9(H2O, H3O)11]. The new mineral slowly dissolves in 10% HCl with weak effervescence. Karchevskyite is trigonal; possible space groups are P3, P3, P $ \overline 3 Karchevskyite, a new mineral related to the family of layered double hydroxides (LDHs), has been found in the Iron open pit at the Kovdor carbonatite massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. The mineral occurs as spherulites of up to 1.5 mm in diameter composed of thin, curved lamellae. Dolomite, magnetite, quintinite-3T, strontium carbonate, and fluorapatite are associated minerals. Karchevskyite is white in aggregates and colorless in separate platelets. Its luster is vitreous with a pearly shine on the cleavage surface. The new mineral is nonfluorescent. The Mohs hardness is 2. The cleavage is eminent (micalike), parallel to {001}. The measured density is 2.21(2) g/cm3, and the calculated value is 2.18(1) g/cm3. Karchevskyite is colorless and nonpleochroic in immersion liquids. It is uniaxial, negative, ω = 1.542(2), and ɛ = 1.534(2). The chemical composition (electron microprobe, average of ten point analyses, standard deviation in parentheses, wt %) is as follows: 29.7(1.1) MgO, 18.3(0.7) Al2O3, 7.4(0.4) SrO, 0.2(0.1) CaO, 1.3(0.2) P2O5, 14.5(0.4) CO2, and 28.6 H2O (estimated by difference); the total is 100. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of nine Al atoms is Mg18.00Al9.00(OH)54.00(Sr1.79Mg0.48Ca0.09)2.36 (Ca3)8.26(PO4)0.46(H2O)6.54(H3O)4.18. The idealized formula is [Mg18Al9(OH)54][Sr2(CO3, PO4)9(H2O, H3O)11]. The new mineral slowly dissolves in 10% HCl with weak effervescence. Karchevskyite is trigonal; possible space groups are P3, P3, P 1m, P31m, P312, P312, P3m1, or P3m1; unit-cell dimensions are a = 16.055(6), c = 25.66(1) ?, V = 5728(7) ?3, Z = 3. The strongest reflections in the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d, (I, %)(hkl)] are: 8.52(10)(003), 6.41(4)(004), 5.13(3)(005), 4.27(6)(006), 3.665(9)(007), 3.547(9)(107), 3.081(6)(315). Wavenumbers of absorption bands in the infrared spectrum of the new mineral are (cm−1; s is shoulder): 3470, 3420s, 3035, 2960s, 1650, 1426, 1366, 1024, 937, 860, 779, 678, 615s, 553, 449, 386. Results of thermogravimetric analysis: total weight loss is 42.0 wt %, with three stages of loss: 12.2%, maximum rate at 230°C; 6.1%, maximum rate at 320°C; and 23.7%, maximum rate at 440°C. Karchevskyite is a late-stage hydrothermal mineral. The mineral is named in memory of Russian mineralogist Pavel Karchevsky (1976–2002), who made a significant contribution to the study of carbonatites. The type material of karchevskyite is deposited at the Mineralogical Museum, Division of Mineralogy, St. Petersburg State University, and the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Original Russian Text ? S.N. Britvin, N.V. Chukanov, G.K. Bekenova, M.A. Yagovkina, A.V. Antonov, A.N. Bogdanova, N.I. Krasnova, 2007, published in Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 2007, No. 5, pp. 44–56. The new mineral karchevskyite and its name accepted by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, Russian Mineralogical Society, March 21, 2005. Approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, International Mineralogical Association, June 30, 2005.  相似文献   

10.
Cuprokalininite as an accessory mineral has been found in Cr-V-bearing quartz-diopside metamorphic rock of the Sludyanka Complex, South Baikal region, Russia. This mineral is named as Cu analogue of kalininite (ZnCr2S4), is associated with quartz, Cr-V-bearing tremolite and mica, calcite, diopside-kosmochlor, goldmanite-uvarovite, dravite-chromdravite, Cr-V spinellide, karelianite-eskolaite, V-bearing titanite, pyrite, and plagioclase. Cuprokalininite forms euhedral microcrystals up to 0.05–0.20 mm in size, of octahedral and cuboctahedral habit with faces o {111} and a {100}, and polysynthetic and simple twinning along the {111}. Cleavage and parting were not observed. The mineral is black with a dark bronze tint, black streak, and metallic luster. The microhardness (VHN) is 356–458 (loadings are 20 and 30 g), 396 kgf/mm2, on average. The Mohs hardness is 4.5–5.0, d calc = 4.16(2). In reflected light, the mineral is pale-cream-colored, without anisotropy; reflectance values (λ, nm-R, %): 400-34.3, 420-34.1, 440-33.9, 460-33.7, 480-33.5, 500-33.2, 520-33.0, 540-32.8, 560-32.3, 580-32.2, 600-31.9, 620-31.6, 640-31.2, 660-30.9, 680-30.6, 700-30.4. Cubic, space group Fd [`3]\bar 3 m, Z = 8; unit cell parameter a = 9.814(2) ?, V = 945.2(4) ?3. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern [d, ? (I) (hkl)]: 3.44 (6)(220), 2.94 (10)(311), 2.44 (6)(400), 1.884 (9)(511, 333), 1.731 (10)(440), 1.133 (6)(751, 555), 1.098 (6)(840), 1.030 (6)(931), 1.002 (10)(844). Chemical composition (mean of 202 microprobe analyses of 11 grains, wt %): Cu 21.03, Fe 0.47, Zn 0.17, Cr 29.01, V 5.85, As 0.21, Sb 0.08, S 43.25; the total is 100.07. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of seven ions is (Cu0.98Fe0.02Zn0.01)1.01(Cr1.65V0.34As0.01)2.00S3.99. The type material has been deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.  相似文献   

11.
A new mineral species has been discovered at the calc-skarnoid occurrence near the mouth of the Tashelga River, Kuznetsky Alatau, Gorny Shoria, Russia, and named after the locality of its discovery. Associated minerals are calcite, hibonite, grossular, vesuvianite, hercynite, magnetite, corundum, perovskite, scapolite, diopside, and apatite. The new mineral occurs as prismatic or finely fibrous crystals up to 1.5–2.0 mm in length, their parallel intergrowths, and felty aggregates as large as 10 mm across. Tashelgite is bluish green, translucent to transparent, with vitreous luster; D calc = 3.67 g/cm3. The IR spectrum does not contain bands of OH groups. Tashelgite is biaxial (−), with α = 1.736(2), β = 1.746(2), γ = 1.750(2); 2V meas = −20(2)°. Dispersion is strong, r < ν. Pleochroism is distinct: X (blue-green) > Y (yellowish green) > Z (almost colorless). Chemical composition (electron microprobe, average of five-point analyses, Fe2O3 is estimated from the ratio of intensities I(FeKb5 )/I(FeKb1 )I(Fe_{K\beta _5 } )/I(Fe_{K\beta _1 } ) in the X-ray spectrum, H2O was determined as a weight loss on heating in vacuum up to 1000°C), wt %: 7.98 CaO, 6.75 MgO, 0.45 MnO, 11.32 FeO, 1.40 Fe2O3, 70.70 Al2O3, 1.8(2) H2O, 100.40 in total. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 17 oxygen atoms is H1.27Ca0.90Mg1.06Mn0.04 Fe1.002+Fe0.113+Al8.80O17.00. The idealized formula is CaMgFe2+Al9O16(OH). According to single-crystal X-ray structural data, tashelgite is monoclinic, pseudoorthorhombic, space group Pc; unit cell parameters are: a = 5.6973(1), b = 17.1823(4), c = 23.5718(5)?; β = 90.046(3)°; V = 2307.5(1)?3, Z = 8. The crystal structure of tashelgite is unique and characterized by ordering of all cations; Al occupies sites with octahedral and tetrahedral coordination. The cation ordering has also been confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern (d, ?]-I[hkl] are: 11.79–48 [002], 2.845–43 [061], 2.616–100 [108], 2.584–81 [146], 2.437–44 [163], 2.406–61 [057], 2.202–72 [244]. The type specimen of tashlegite has been deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.  相似文献   

12.
Yavapaiite, KFe(SO4)2, is a rare mineral in nature, but its structure is considered as a reference for many synthetic compounds in the alum supergroup. Several authors mention the formation of yavapaiite by heating potassium jarosite above ca. 400°C. To understand the thermal decomposition of jarosite, thermodynamic data for phases in the K-Fe-S-O-(H) system, including yavapaiite, are needed. A synthetic sample of yavapaiite was characterized in this work by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal analysis. Based on X-ray diffraction pattern refinement, the unit cell dimensions for this sample were found to be a = 8.152 ± 0.001 Å, b = 5.151 ± 0.001 Å, c = 7.875 ± 0.001 Å, and β = 94.80°. Thermal decomposition indicates that the final breakdown of the yavapaiite structure takes place at 700°C (first major endothermic peak), but the decomposition starts earlier, around 500°C. The enthalpy of formation from the elements of yavapaiite, KFe(SO4)2, ΔH°f = −2042.8 ± 6.2 kJ/mol, was determined by high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. Using literature data for hematite, corundum, and Fe/Al sulfates, the standard entropy and Gibbs free energy of formation of yavapaiite at 25°C (298 K) were calculated as S°(yavapaiite) = 224.7 ± 2.0 J.mol−1.K−1 and ΔG°f = −1818.8 ± 6.4 kJ/mol. The equilibrium decomposition curve for the reaction jarosite = yavapaiite + Fe2O3 + H2O has been calculated, at pH2O = 1 atm, the phase boundary lies at 219 ± 2°C.  相似文献   

13.
Zdenek Johan 《Lithos》1976,9(2):165-171
Senegalite is orthorhombic, mm2, a:b:c:=1.296:1:1.007; a0=9.673, b0=7.596, c0=7.668 A?, Z=4, Gcalc=2551; space group Pna2. The strongest lines in the powder pattern are: 5.41(7); 4.089(9); 3.834(10); 3.610(8); 2.990(9); 2.348(8); 2.070(7) 1.929(7); 1.505(7) Å. The chemical analysis: Al2O3 ? 46.23; Fe2O3 ? 0.28; P2O5 ? 31.85 H2O ? 21.00; sum 99.34, gives a formula Al2(PO4)(OH)3 · H2O. Colourless optically biaxial positive, nS: α=1.562, β=1.566, γ=1.587, plane of optical axies (001), Z=a, Y=c; 2V=53°, weak dispersion r > v. Measured density 2.552. The DTA curve shows endothermic reactions at 250, 370 and 440°C corresponding to the dehydration of mineral. Infrared spectrum indicates the presence of OH and H2O groups. Found in oxidation zone of Kouroudiako iron deposit, Senegal, associated with turquoise, augelite, wavellite and crandallite.  相似文献   

14.
Summary The crystal structure of arsentsumebite, ideally, Pb2Cu[(As, S)O4]2(OH), monoclinic, space group P21/m, a = 7.804(8), b = 5.890(6), c = 8.964(8) ?, β = 112.29(6)°, V = 381.2 ?3, Z = 2, dcalc. = 6.481 has been refined to R = 0.053 for 898 unique reflections with I> 2σ(I). Arsentsumebite belongs to the brackebuschite group of lead minerals with the general formula Pb2 Me(XO4)2(Z) where Me = Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+; X = S, Cr, V, As, P; Z = OH, H2O. Members of this group include tsumebite, Pb2Cu(SO4)(PO4)(OH), vauquelinite, Pb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH), brackebuschite, Pb2 (Mn, Fe)(VO4)2(OH), arsenbracke buschite, Pb2(Fe, Zn)(AsO4)2(OH, H2O), fornacite, Pb2Cu(AsO4)(CrO4)(OH), and feinglosite, Pb2(Zn, Fe)[(As, S)O4]2(H2O). Arsentsumebite and all other group members contain M = M–T chains where M = M means edge-sharing between MO6 octahedra and M–T represents corner sharing between octahedra and XO4 tetrahedra. A structural relationship exists to tsumcorite, Pb(Zn, Fe)2(AsO4)2 (OH, H2O)2 and tsumcorite-group minerals Me(1)Me(2)2(XO4)2(OH, H2O)2. Received June 24, 2000; revised version accepted February 8, 2001  相似文献   

15.
New minerals, shlykovite and cryptophyllite, hydrous Ca and K phyllosilicates, have been identified in hyperalkaline pegmatite at Mount Rasvumchorr, Khibiny alkaline pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. They are the products of low-temperature hydrothermal activity and are associated with aegirine, potassium feldspar, nepheline, lamprophyllite, eudialyte, lomonosovite, lovozerite, tisinalite, shcherbakovite, shafranovskite, ershovite, and megacyclite. Shlykovite occurs as lamellae up to 0.02 × 0.02 × 0.5 mm in size or fibers up to 0.5 mm in length usually combined in aggregates up to 3 mm in size, crusts, and parallel-columnar veinlets. Cryptophyllite occurs as lamellae up to 0.02 × 0.1 × 0.2 mm in size intergrown with shlykovite being oriented parallel to {001} or chaotically arranged. Separate crystals of the new minerals are transparent and colorless; the aggregates are beige, brownish, light cream, and pale yellowish-grayish. The cleavage is parallel to (001) perfect. The Mohs hardness of shlykovite is 2.5–3. The calculated densities of shlykovite and cryptophyllite are 2.444 and 2.185 g/cm3, respectively. Both minerals are biaxial; shlykovite: 2V meas = −60(20)°; cryptophyllite: 2V meas > 70°. The refractive indices are: shlykovite: α = 1.500(3), β = 1.509(2), γ = 1.515(2); cryptophyllite: α = 1.520(2), β = 1.523(2), γ = 1.527(2). The chemical composition of shlykovite determined by an electron microprobe (H2O determined from total deficiency) is as follows, wt %: 0.68 Na2O, 11.03 K2O, 13.70 CaO, 59.86 SiO2, 14.73 H2O; the total is 100.00. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 13 O atoms (OH/H2O calculated from the charge balance) is (K0.96Na0.09)Σ1.05Ca1.00Si4.07O9.32(OH)0.68 · 3H2O. The idealized formula is KCa[Si4O9(OH)] · 3H2O. The chemical composition of cryptophyllite determined by an electron microprobe (H2O determined from the total deficiency) is as follows, wt %: 1.12 Na2O, 17.73 K2O, 11.59 CaO, 0.08 Al2O3, 50.24 SiO2, 19.24 H2O, the total is 100.00. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of (Si,Al)4(O,OH)10 (OH/H2O calculated from the charge balance) is (K1.80Na0.17)Σ1.97Ca0.99Al0.01Si3.99O9.94(OH)0.06 · 5.07H2O. The idealized formula is K2Ca[Si4O10] · 5H2O. The crystal structures of both minerals were solved on single crystals using synchrotron radiation. Shlykovite is monoclinic; the space group is P21/n; a = 6.4897(4), b = 6.9969(5), c = 26.714(2)?, β = 94.597(8)°, V = 1209.12(15)?3, Z = 4. Cryptophyllite is monoclinic; the space group is P21/n; a = 6.4934(14), b = 6.9919(5), c = 32.087(3)?, β = 94.680(12)°, V= 1451.9(4)?, Z = 4. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder patterns (d, ?-I, [hkl] are: shlykovite 13.33–100[002], 6.67–76[004], 6.47–55[100], 3.469–45[021], 3.068–57[$ \bar 1 $ \bar 1 21], 3.042–45[121], 2.945–62[ 23], 2.912–90[025, 12, 211]; cryptophyllite 16.01–100[002], 7.98–24[004], 6.24–48[101], 3.228–22[$ \bar 1 $ \bar 1 09], 3.197–27[0.0.10], 2.995–47[122], 2.903–84[123, 204, $ \bar 1 $ \bar 1 24, 211], 2.623–20[028, 08, 126]. Shlykovite and cryptophyllite are members of new related structural types. Their structures are based on a two-layer packet consisting of tetrahedral Si layers linked with octahedral Ca chains. Mountainite, shlykovite and cryptophyllite could be combined into the mountainite structural family. Shlykovite is named in memory of Russian geologist V. G. Shlykov (1941–2007); the name cryptophyllite is from the Greek words meaning concealed and leaf that allude to its layered structure (phyllosilicate) in combination with a lamellar habit and intimate intergrowths with visually indistinguishable shlykovite. Type specimens of the minerals are deposited at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.  相似文献   

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17.
The formation mechanism of Al30O8(OH)56(H2O)2618+ (Al30) has been investigated by the density functional theory based on the supermolecule model and kinetic analysis on the 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experimental results in monitoring Al30 synthesis process. The theoretical chemistry calculations on the four possible schemes show that δ-Na-Al13 is the reasonable intermediate followed by the substitution of Na with Al to form δ-Al14, and Na+ plays an important role in stabilizing the intermediate (δ-Na-Al13) in the transformation. The kinetic analysis on the 27Al NMR experimental data indicates that ε-Al13 decomposes and isomerizes in the formation of Al30, while Al monomers facilitate the decomposition of ε-Al13 and so the isomerization of ε-isomers to δ-isomers effectively. The favorable formation mechanism of Al30 includes three steps: (1) ε-Al13 decomposes and rearranges into the isomer δ-Al13; (2) Na+ reacts with δ-Al13 to stabilize the intermediate δ-Na-Al13, followed by Al monomers replacing Na to form δ-Al14; (3) δ-Al14 reacts with the Al monomers in the solution to finally form Al30. Both Al monomers and Na+ are important in the transformation. Al monomers are the basic building units and helpful to the isomerization while Na+ can well stabilize the isomer δ-Al13 to yield intermediate δ-Na-Al13. The results also show that other isomers of ε-Al13 (β-Al13 and α-Al13) form in the formation of Al30, and their calculated 27Al NMR tetrahedral resonance shifts are consistent with the experimental 27Al NMR tetrahedral signals in the preparation process of Al30.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
In order to assess the geothermometric potential of the Na2(Mn2−2x Fe1+2x )(PO4)3 system (x = 0–1), which represents the compositions of natural weakly oxidized alluaudites, we performed hydrothermal experiments between 400 and 800°C, at 1 kbar, under an oxygen fugacity (f(O2)) controlled by the Ni–NiO (NNO), Fe2O3–Fe3O4 (HM), Cu2O–CuO (CT), and Fe–Fe3O4 (MI) buffers. When f(O2) is controlled by NNO, single-phase alluaudites crystallize at 400 and 500°C, whereas the association alluaudite + marićite appears between 500 and 700°C. The limit between these two fields corresponds to the maximum temperature that can be reached by alluaudites in granitic pegmatites, because marićite has never been observed in these geological environments. Because alluaudites are very sensitive to variations of oxygen fugacity, the field of hagendorfite, Na2MnFe2+Fe3+(PO4)3, has been positioned in the f(O2)–T diagram, and provides a tool that can be used to estimate the oxygen fugacity conditions that prevailed in granitic pegmatites during the crystallization of this phosphate.  相似文献   

20.
 The deviation from stoichiometry, δ, in spinel solid solutions of the type (Ti x Fe 1−x )3−δ O4 with x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.25 was studied thermogravimetrically as a function of oxygen activity, a O2, at 1100, 1200 and 1300 ∘C. The experimental results, S-shaped curves for δ vs. log aO2, are presented and discussed with regard to the type of point defects prevailing under different conditions in the deviation from stoichiometry. It is concluded that cation vacancies are the predominant point defects at high oxygen activities, while cation interstitials prevail at low oxygen activities. The temperature and composition dependencies of point defect concentrations are also discussed. Received: 1 October 1996 / Accepted: 15 September 2002 Acknowledgements The authors thank the US Department of Energy for support of this work under Grant no. DE-FGO2–88ER45357. This work made use of the Cornell Center of Materials Shared Experimental Facilities, supported through the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers program (DMR-0079992).  相似文献   

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