共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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从麦克斯韦旋度方程出发可以直接导出瞬变电磁场扩散方程,然而扩散方程不含电场对时间的一阶导数,不能构成显式的时域有限差分方程,借鉴du Fort-Frankel有限差分离散方法引入虚拟位移电流项构建显式时域有限差分方程.对Wang和Hohmann的经典时域算法进行了两点改进:第一,通过将矩形回线源电流密度加入麦克斯韦方程组的安培环路定理方程,实现回线源瞬变电磁激发源加入;第二,在计算中考虑关断时间.第一点改进使时域有限差分方程考虑了一次场的计算,并且源的计算不再依赖均匀半空间模型响应作为初始条件,使算法能够适应表层电阻率不均匀时的三维复杂模型.由于实际观测中不可能出现阶跃电流的关断形式,第二点改进可以方便设置发射电流下降沿.采用改进的三维时域有限差分正演算法对均匀半空间模型、四类三层模型、均匀半空间中含有低阻块体模型进行了计算并分别与解析解、线性数字滤波解、积分方程解和Wang的三维时域有限差分解进行了对比验证.以H模型为例,采用建立的三维时域有限差分正演算法计算了不同关断时间的斜阶跃脉冲回线源瞬变电磁中心点感应电动势衰减曲线.以实际地质资料为基础,构建包含两层采空区的三维复杂模型,以1 μs的极短关断时间进行了复杂模型定回线源瞬变电磁响应计算,并计算了该复杂模型的视电阻率曲线. 相似文献
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从理论上对瞬变电磁系统的接收装置频率特性进行分析,得出了瞬变信号在早期发生畸变的根本原因,揭示出接收装置在发射电流关断期间和电流关断后对一次场和二次场的影响关系,给出基于导电球体模型下接收装置的谐振频率与最小取样时间的关系图,进而讨论了接收装置对浅层目标体探测的影响.当瞬变电磁测量系统在电流关断开始时刻记录全程瞬变响应和发射电流波形时,如果接收装置的位置和谐振频率已知,就可以通过数值计算方法从根本上剔除接收装置对早期瞬变信号的影响,即使接收装置存在过渡过程,也同样可以实现近地表浅层的探测,从而缩短瞬变电磁法的浅层勘探盲区,提高近地表的探测分辨率和精度. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(6)
为了应用时间域电磁法进行深部勘探,需要计算大尺度模型的晚时时域响应.本文将待求解的电磁响应分解为一次场和二次场之和,实现了波形为拟高斯脉冲的大功率脉冲源激励的一次场的计算.对于三维异常体产生的二次场,采用基于非均匀步长交错网格的时域有限差分(FDTD)和非等时步长的迭代算法求解,在层状介质模型的上阶跃响应计算结果对比以及与积分方程计算的瞬断响应结果对比验证基础上,实现了大功率脉冲源激励下晚时时域电磁响应的计算.通过设计一个简单异常体的三维模型,采用电偶极源脉冲电流激发,计算的时间域响应很好的揭示了大功率脉冲源激励的场在地中随时间扩散,以及三维异常体产生的异常场并二次扩散的过程. 相似文献
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时间域电磁响应的正演计算多是由频率域响应经逆Laplace变换而得到.逆Laplace变换的计算精度和效率是时间域电磁响应计算中方法选择的重要指标.论文分析了几种逆Laplace变换的算法机制,并优选出Talbot算法计算了水平电偶源层状模型的时间域电磁响应.逆Laplace变换常用的算法有折线法、数字滤波算法和Gaver-Stehfest算法(简称G-S算法).折线法需要精细地确定分割步长以提高精度,数字滤波算法系数很多,适应频率范围受计算问题所限,而G-S算法受计算机字长和问题对象的影响大.本文在64位计算平台中计算比较了G-S算法、Euler算法和Talbot算法的节点数对于精度的影响,发现Talbot算法受节点数影响小,计算精度高,适应频率范围宽.最后利用21点Talbot算法计算了水平电偶源轴向偶极装置均匀大地模型径向电场的阶跃响应和冲激响应,计算精度及响应时间范围均优于G-S算法.计算了水平电偶源赤道偶极装置均匀大地模型垂直磁场的阶跃响应和冲激响应,冲激响应峰值时刻对于电阻率的变化响应灵敏,与轴向偶极径向电场响应能力相当,但垂直磁场随收发距增大,衰减较快.根据层状模型阶跃响应晚期渐近值计算的视电阻率,水平电偶源轴向偶极径向电场有能力发现大埋深高阻或低阻薄层,收发距应大于中间目标层埋深的5~6倍方可完整探测,类似的,采用水平电偶源赤道偶极装置测量垂直磁场也能达到与之相当的探测能力.计算结果证实了21点Talbot算法适应不同地电模型、不同观测方式的时间域电磁响应计算. 相似文献
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采用Duhamel积分对斜阶跃电流激励的瞬变电磁场进行直接计算,应用叠加原理得到了多匝小回线全域瞬变电磁响应.研究了多匝小回线的早、晚延时临界条件以及等磁矩单匝大回线与多匝小回线的延时和关断时间特征,分析了电阻率、厚度等参数变化时斜阶跃电流对层状模型瞬变响应的影响特征,最后采用实测数据验证了关断效应的校正效果.结果显示,回线边长越小或表层电阻率越大,瞬变响应越早离开早期并进入晚期.多匝小回线的关断时间远大于等磁矩的单匝大回线,但由前者激发的瞬变响应进入晚期的时间却大幅提前,更有利于晚期条件下各种理论公式的使用.斜阶跃影响校正结果显示,增加多匝小回线的匝数可以扩展反演深度的范围,减少匝数则可以提高反演电阻率的精确性;实测数据处理结果显示校正方法产生了一定的效果.本研究补充了多匝小回线瞬变电磁理论内容,研究结果可以为复杂环境中小尺寸多匝线圈的工作参数选择提供参考. 相似文献
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由于激发极化效应的影响,时间域航空电磁晚期道信号经常会出现变号现象.基于电阻率的传统反演方法无法对变号数据进行正确反演,因此通常在数据处理中予以剔除.为深入了解极化介质的电磁扩散特征,认识航空瞬变电磁负响应的产生机理,本文研究时间域航空电磁系统的电磁扩散特征.我们以均匀极化、非极化半空间及层状介质模型为例,通过直接积分的方法求解频率域电场响应,并由欧姆定律得到电流响应,再经过汉克尔变换得到时间域电流响应.通过研究电流随时间在地下极化介质中的传播特征研究电磁扩散过程;通过对比不同激电参数对电磁扩散的影响,研究极化介质中感应电流与极化电流的扩散规律,从而合理地解释极化介质中负响应的产生机理.基于本文研究和分析结果,可加深对时间域航空电磁法中激电效应的认识. 相似文献
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电磁测深方法可分为频率域测深和时间域测深两大类.时间域测深主要是在一次激励场结束后,观测二次涡流场.对于频率域电磁测深方法,研究问题时仅考虑边界条件即可,但对时间域方法,不但要考虑边界条件,还要考虑初始条件,所以时间域的研究往往比频率域的研究要复杂得多.在以往的时间域方法中,通常使用阶跃波作为激励源,这主要是由于阶跃波激励完成后,有充裕的时间间隙可以观测感应二次场.但由于阶跃波的时间域电磁响应的复杂性,往往采用分时段(分区间)的处理方式,分为远区(早期)、近区(晚期)、过渡区(过渡期)等方式.本文介绍一种利用?单脉冲函数的激励源的时间域电磁响应实现电磁测深的方式.它不需要将时间域分成多个区段,且可以借助任何的第三方激励源来进行激励.观测电磁响应也不需要在激励结束后进行. 相似文献
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电磁测深方法中经常采用长线源进行激励,并用偶极源进行近似解释.要将长线源近似成偶极源必须满足一定的几何条件.本文通过对长线源与偶极源的电磁响应进行推导计算,并分类进行比较分析,得知在长线源几何尺寸相对于长线源到观测点的距离可以比拟时,长线源激励的电磁响应在早、中期与偶极源有较大的偏差,在晚期逐步趋于一致.因此,建议在采用非零长线源进行电磁测深的数据处理中,先进行电磁响应数据的相关修正处理. 相似文献
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A Method to Remove Electromagnetic Coupling from Induced Polarization Data for an "Exponential" Earth Model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
?. ?a?lar 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2000,157(10):1729-1748
--The electromagnetic (EM) coupling effect in induced polarization (IP) data is an important problem. In many works it has been computed only considering homogeneous or layered earth models with discretely uniform conductivity. In this study, an algorithm has been developed to compute the EM coupling effect in IP data measured on the earth, whose conductivity varies (increases or decreases) exponentially with depth. The EM coupling effects for Percent Frequency Effect (PFE) and phase data are computed for a dipole-dipole array with different separations, however the method can be applied to any electrode array. The results obtained for the cases of increasing and decreasing conductivity as a function of depth indicate that the EM coupling effect strongly depends on the subsurface resistivity and the dipole length. Here an "exponential" earth model is considered to remove EM coupling from the IP data in frequency and phase domain. For this purpose, first, the region of pseudo-section is divided into segments, and within each segment a typical average apparent resistivity („a) curve is constructed. An exponential conductivity model is fitted to average „a data. The conductivity model is then used to compute EM responses. Next the data are corrected for the EM coupling contribution. This decoupling process is applied to field data from a galenite-pyrite mineralization area at the Dolluk site, in western Turkey. The results from the decoupling method developed here are compared with other techniques. 相似文献
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为了研究时间域航空电磁系统扩散特征,基于连续性边界条件将电磁场向下延拓得到地下介质中各点处的频率域响应,通过傅里叶变换将其变换到时间域.计算阶跃波形发射时垂直磁偶极子和水平磁偶极子在均匀半空间介质和两层介质中产生的电磁场,通过电流密度矢量图和随时间变化的电流密度等值线展示电磁场在地下介质中的扩散过程.电磁场在地下的扩散受电阻率结构的影响.在良导地区电磁场扩散慢、衰减快,而在高阻地区电磁场扩散快、衰减慢.垂直磁偶极子在地下产生的感应电流形成一个电流环随时间向下、向外扩散.水平磁偶极子在地下产生的感应电流形成两个互相叠加的电流环.时间域电磁场扩散代表着真正物理意义上的电磁扩散,因为它展示了地下电磁场空间分布随时间的变化和场强的衰减.基于对感应电流环的研究,我们探究了扩散深度和时间域航空电磁数据成像深度的关系.时间域电磁场扩散规律的研究不仅加深了对电磁扩散特征的理解,更有助于提高航空电磁数据解释水平. 相似文献
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A. T. BAOKUR 《Geophysical Prospecting》1984,32(1):132-138
Different sets of filter coefficients for the linear filter technique for the computations of resistivity and EM sounding curves are evaluated for several electrode and coil configurations. Instead of this procedure, the two-electrode filter can be used for computations of Wenner, Schlumberger, and dipole—dipole apparent resistivity model curves by defining convolutional expressions which contain the new input functions in terms of the resistivity transform function. Similarly, the Schlumberger filter performs the computations of dipole—dipole apparent resistivity model curves. The Wenner, Schlumberger, and dipole—dipole filter functions are defined in terms of the two-electrode filter using the new convolutional expressions. A relationship between the Schlumberger and dipole—dipole filter functions is given. The above arguments are adopted for the computations of EM sounding curves. It is shown that the EM filter for the horizontal coplanar loop system (which is identical to the two-electrode filter) performs the computations of the mutual coupling ratios for perpendicular, vertical coplanar, and vertical coaxial loop systems. In the same way, the Schlumberger filter can be used to compute vertical coaxial sounding curves. The corresponding input functions are defined in terms of the EM kernel for all convolutional expressions presented. After these considerations, integral expressions of the mutual coupling ratios involving zero-order Bessel function are derived. The mutual coupling ratio for the vertical coaxial loop system is given in the same form as the mutual coupling ratio for the vertical coplanar loop system. 相似文献
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This paper deals with electromagnetic fields in the so called “Transient Induced Polarization Technique”. Field equations are integrated in the case of a polarizable sphere inbedded in a sterile overburden. The existence of a remanent polarization vector P which slowly decays once the charging current has been cut off is taken as the initial condition. When the surface between the air and overburden is (as a first step) disregarded, the Laplace transform of the EM fields is given. The integral of the electric field (which is fairly often the result of prospection work) is independent of the various time constants related to electrochemical processes, but it stands as a good measurement of the total electrostatic dipole created by the charging current. We investigate the geometrical circumstances that can bring negative values of I.P. signal. Such negative values can be found in two cases: 1. The discharge currents are. distorted by the ground surface. 2. The I.P. signal is picked up by electrodes inside the polarizable material. The last part is dedicated to an account of experimental work performed on models and of an actual case history. The mathematical derivations are included in an appendix. 相似文献
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B. URSIN 《Geophysical Prospecting》1979,27(1):1-15
In the mathematical theory of seismic signal detection and parameter estimation given, the seismic measurements are assumed to consist of a sum of signals corrupted by additive Gaussian white noise uncorrelated to the signals. Each signal is assumed to consist of a signal pulse multiplied by a space-dependent amplitude function and with a space-dependent arrival time. The signal pulse, amplitude, and arrival time are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood. For this signal-and-noise model, the maximum likelihood method is equivalent to the method of least squares which will be shown to correspond to using the signal energy as coherency measure. The semblance coefficient is equal to the signal energy divided by the measurement energy. For this signal model we get a more general form of the semblance coefficient which reduces to the usual expression in the case of a constant signal amplitude function. The signal pulse, amplitude, and arrival time can be estimated by a simple iterative algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm on seismic field data is demonstrated. 相似文献
17.
Jianping Xiang N.B. Jones Daizhan Cheng F.S. Schlindwein 《Geophysical Prospecting》2002,50(6):565-576
The problem of discrimination between a valid induced polarization (IP) response and electromagnetic (EM) coupling effects is considered and an effective solution is provided. First, a finite dimensional approximation to the Cole‐Cole model is investigated. Using the least‐squares approach, the parameters of the approximate model are obtained. Next, based on the analysis of overvoltage, a finite dimensional structure of the IP model is produced. Using this overvoltage‐based structure, a specific finite dimensional approximation of the Cole‐Cole model is proposed. Summarizing the analysis of the finite dimensional IP model, it is concluded that the proposed IP model, which fits the field data much better than the traditional Cole‐Cole model, is essentially an RC‐circuit. From a circuit‐analysis point of view, it is well known that an electromagnetic effect can be described by an RL‐circuit. The simulation results on experimental data support this conception. According to this observation, a new method to discriminate between a valid IP response and EM coupling effects is proposed as follows: (i) use a special finite dimensional model for IP–EM systems; (ii) obtain the parameters for the model using a least‐squares approach; (iii) separate RC‐type terms and RL‐type terms – the first models the IP behaviour, the latter represents the EM part. Simulation on experimental data shows that the method is very simple and effective. 相似文献
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Turning off low and high currents in a transmitter loop used in the transient electromagnetic method
Nikolai O. Kozhevnikov Maxim V. Sharlov Sergei M. Stefanenko 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(5):1676-1688
In near-surface transient electromagnetic studies, it is desirable to measure the transient response starting from the earliest possible time. This requires the current in the transmitter loop to be switched off quickly, which necessitates working with a low transmitter current. As for deep-target transient electromagnetic studies, the transmitter current is as high as possible. The transmitter current's turn-off waveform and total duration affect the transient voltage response, especially at early times, which is to be accounted for when interpreting transient electromagnetic data. This article discusses the difference in switching off low and high current in a horizontal loop used as the source of the primary magnetic field in the transient electromagnetic method. Low and high currents are turned off in fundamentally different ways. When the current to be switched off is low, the loop can be represented as a symmetric combination of two transmission lines grounded at the middle of the loop perimeter. Such a representation of a loop allows calculating the current turn-off waveform at any point of the loop. The waveform and total duration of switching off a low current does not depend on its magnitude, but is determined by the period of natural oscillations of the current in the loop and the resistance of a shunting resistor. Switching off a low current in a loop can be represented as the sum of stepped current waves travelling along the loop wire. As a consequence, the current at different points of the loop perimeter is turned off at different times. In contrast to a low current, a high current is switched off linearly in time and synchronously at all points of the loop perimeter. The wave phenomena appear only at the very beginning of the current shutdown for a time interval that is much less than the total current turn-off duration. Presentation of the loop using a simple lumped-circuit model predicts the waveform and duration of the high current turn-off that coincide with the measured ones. There are two reasons why the article may be of interest to those engaged in the theory and/or practice of electromagnetic geophysical methods. First, it contributes to a general understanding of how the current in the transmitter loop is turned off. Second, the article shows how the parameters of a transmitter loop determine the current turn-off duration and thus the minimum depth of the transient electromagnetic sounding method. 相似文献