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本文以三工河为例,将该区划分为高台地冰期(Q_(p1))、洼地冰期(Q_(p2)),天池冰期(Q_(p3)~1)和力行达坂冰期(Q(_p3)~3)。对该区新构运动的性质、类型、特点作了较详细的阐述,并指出新构造运动的间歇期和波动期及其与冰期和间冰期的对应关系。最后运用深部地质资料揭示出博格达山新构造运动的源动力。 相似文献
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浙南沿海地区晚更新世顶部(Q_3~3)的陆相地层,岩性以灰黄色粘土质粉砂、粉细砂为主,未见到微体化石,仅含较多的植物碎屑。全新世地层存在两个微体古生物化石层,第二化石层属全新世早期～中期(Q_4~(1 2))的地层。岩性以青灰色粘土为主,微体化石很丰富,为浅海相沉积。第一化石层则属全新世晚期(Q_4~3)地层。岩性以黄灰、黄褐色粉砂质粘土为主,微体化石比较丰富,为海陆过渡相至滨海相沉积。第二化石层比第一化石层海侵程度强,而同一化石层相比,南部又以北部海相性大。 相似文献
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《矿物岩石》2017,(1)
长期以来,川西地区列古六组一直被认为与新元古代冰川晚冰期(Marinoan)地层南沱组相当,从而认为扬子西缘缺失早冰期(Sturtian)沉积,但缺少可靠的年代学证据。针对川西列古六组底部凝灰质杂砾岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为722 Ma~902 Ma,在~725 Ma,~780 Ma,~820 Ma和~850 Ma具有明显的峰值。其中,最年轻一组~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为724 Ma±12 Ma,代表列古六组底部杂砾岩的最大沉积时间。列古六组沉积序列特征以及华南Sturtian冰期启动年龄分布范围综合分析可知,川西列古六组下段为早冰期沉积,可与长安组对比,而上段则为间冰期沉积,可与富禄组和大塘坡组对比。因此,扬子西缘存在早冰期(Sturtian)和间冰期沉积,不存在晚冰期(Marinoan)沉积。 相似文献
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基于冈瓦纳大陆主要板块冰川沉积地层的对比,并结合古地磁方法对冈瓦纳大陆古生代主要冰期的冰盖分布范围进行再造,认为冈瓦纳大陆在古生代主要经历了3次较大的冰期,分别是:(1)晚奥陶世—早志留世冰期、(2)晚泥盆世—早石炭世冰期、(3)晚石炭世晚期—二叠纪冰期。晚奥陶世—早志留世冰期冰盖主要分布在西冈瓦纳大陆;晚泥盆世—早石炭世冰期冰盖主要分布在南美板块;晚石炭世晚期—二叠纪冰期冰盖在冈瓦纳大陆主要组成板块上均有分布,且冰盖存在时间最长,分布范围最广。3次主要冰期冰盖的中心点位置均靠近南极点,但并不完全重合,可认为气温是影响冈瓦纳大陆上冰盖分布的主要因素,但不是唯一的因素,冰盖的分布范围还受到盆地动力学、地形、冰川属性以及其他具体因素的影响。同时结合在保山地块的野外工作以及前人的研究成果,认为冈瓦纳大陆的3次冰期中,仅晚石炭世晚期—二叠纪冰期对中国的陆块产生了影响,且主要影响了中国的西南陆块群(包括保山地块、腾冲地块、拉萨地块、羌塘地块等)。 相似文献
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本文以上海地区晚更新世中期至今八次较大的气候环境变化为线索,逐次阐述与其相应的各期沉积的岩性岩相及古地理环境。 1.晚更新世中期前阶段(Q_3~(2-1))早大理寒冷略干气候期,河流——沙洲——湖沼环境。海岸线东退,古长江河口缩狭,边滩、心滩、阴沙发育,河道分支,主泓北移,部份心滩、边滩形成陆湖沼。主要沉积物为砂和软泥,部份地区成陆形成硬土。 2.晚更新世中期中阶段(Q_3~(2-2))温暖——湿润气候期,浅海——滨岸浅海环境。海岸线西进超越上海市西界。上海市北部地区沦为浅海环境,沉积浅海相亚粘土夹薄层粉砂层。 相似文献
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标准造浆率是指：每吨土粉（允许加适量纯碱改型）所能配制成视粘度15厘泊的泥浆的体积数，代号为Q_(15)。大量试验分析对比资料说明，Q_(15)是区分造浆土粉优劣的主要依据。一九八○年七月，地质部探矿司和泥浆公司召开的造浆技术规范座谈会上，大家议论泥浆用膨润土分级方案，就是以Q_(15)来分为三级的；甲级土粉Q_(15)不小于16米~3/吨；乙级土粉Q_(15)不小于10米~3/吨；丙级土粉Q_(15)不小于6米~3/吨。对于如何求得各种土粉的Q_(15)，过去国内没有统一规定，不少单位都在摸索方法。这里 相似文献
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上海地区晚更新世沉积物极为发育,剖面完整,可划分为早、中、晚三期,六个沉积相。本区晚更新世出现三次寒冷期和二次温暖期,与国际气候分期基本一致。晚更新世早期为闸北寒冷期,相当于里斯冰期(庐山冰期);中期为早苏州河寒冷期,相当于早玉木冰期(早大理冰期);晚期为晚苏州河寒冷期,相当于晚玉木冰期(晚大理冰期)。其中早苏州河寒冷期为湖沼相暗灰色亚粘土,过去把该层划入浅海相层底部,显然是错误的。在本区西部和西北部有二层,暗绿色硬土层。埋深分别为5—10米和埋深20米。现发现前者为全 相似文献
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在地质历史上曾出现过几次大冰期。其中最近的两期都是全球性的,时间也比较确定。它们是第四纪大冰期(发生在近二百万年)和晚古生代大冰期(距今约2-3亿年)。在每一次大冰期中,又可分为几个冰期和间冰期。在大冰期之间是非冰期。关于气候变迁的原因或冰期的成因问题,在科学界至今还是一个“谜”。虽然前人曾提出过各种各样的理论,但是正如李四光(1972)和施瓦茨巴克(Schwarzbach,1974)等所指出的:这些论点都不足以说明气候变迁的原因或冰期的成因问题。近几十年来,大量新的科学资料的积累,尤其在海洋研究方面所取得的进展,为这个问题的解决提供了素材。 相似文献
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Younger Dryas cirque glaciers are known to have existed beyond the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in parts of western Norway. At Kråkenes, on the outermost coast, a cirque glacier formed and subsequently wasted away during the Younger Dryas. No glacier existed there during the Allerød. Large cirque moraines, some with marine deltas and associated fans, extend into the western part of Sykkylvsfjorden. Comparison with existing late-glacial sea-level curves shows that the uppermost marine sediment in these features was deposited well above Younger Dryas sea-level, demonstrating that the cirques were occupied by glaciers before the Younger Dryas. During the Younger Dryas the cirque glaciers expanded, and some advanced across the deltas, depositing till and supplying the sediment to form lower-level fans and deltas controlled by Younger Dryas sea level. The extent of the Younger Dryas advance of some of the glaciers was, at least in part, controlled by grounding on material deposited before the Younger Dryas. The depositional history of the glacial–marine deposits in the Sykkylven area indicates that cirque glaciers existed throughout Late-glacial time and only expanded during the Younger Dryas. The sediment sequence in glacial lakes beyond cirque moraines and reconstructions of glacier equilibrium lines indicate that this was true for most cirques in western Norway. Only on the outermost coast were new glaciers formed in response to Younger Dryas climate cooling. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
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《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2018,47(2):565-576
This study is a quantitative analysis of cirques in three regions of Iceland: Tröllaskagi, the East Fjords and Vestfirðir. Using Google Earth and the National Land Survey of Iceland Map Viewer, we identified 347 new cirques on Tröllaskagi and the East Fjords region, and combined these data with 100 cirques previously identified on Vestfirðir. We used ArcGIS to measure length, width, aspect, latitude and distance to coastline of each cirque. Palaeo‐equilibrium‐line altitudes (palaeo‐ELAs) of palaeo‐cirque glaciers were calculated using the altitude‐ratio method, cirque‐floor method and minimum‐point method. The mean palaeo‐ELA values in Tröllaskagi, the East Fjords and Vestfirðir are 788, 643 and 408 m a.s.l, respectively. Interpolation maps of palaeo‐ELAs demonstrate a positive relationship between palaeo‐ELA and distance to coastline. A positive relationship between palaeo‐ELA and latitude is observed on Vestfirðir, a negative relationship is observed on Tröllaskagi and no statistically significant relationship is present on the East Fjords. The modal orientation of cirques on Tröllaskagi and Vestfirðir is northeast, while orientation of cirques in the East Fjords is north. Palaeo‐wind reconstructions for the LGM show that modal aspect is aligned with the prevailing north‐northeast wind directions, although aspect measurements demonstrate wide dispersion. Cirque length is similar on Tröllaskagi and the East Fjords, but cirques are approximately 200 m shorter in Vestfirðir. Cirque widths are similar in all three regions. Comparisons with a global data set show that cirques in Iceland are smaller and more circular than cirques in other regions of the world. Similar to glaciers in Norway and Kamchatka, our results demonstrate that access to a moisture source is a key parameter in determining palaeo‐ELAs in Iceland. Temperatures interpreted from palaeo‐ELA depressions suggest that these cirques may have been glaciated as recently as the Little Ice Age. 相似文献
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Discovery and Significance of Quaternary Glacial Vestiges in the Hexigten Area of the Southern Da Hinggan Mountains, Inner Mongolia 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
SUN Hongyan TIAN Mingzhong WU Fadong ZHANG Jianping China University of Geosciences Beijing E-mail: shywch@.com 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(4):564-569
1 Introduction Hexigten is situated at the eastern part of the Inner Mongolian Plateau, south of the Da Hinggan Mountains and northwest of Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, China. It is also at the junction of the Da Hinggan Mountians, Inner Mongolian Plateau and Yanshan Mountains. It is about 650 km north of Beijing. The geographic coordinates are 116?30'?118?20'E and 42?20'?44?10'N (Fig. 1). The elevation range is from 1100 m to 1700 m, and the highest peak (2029 m) of the Da Hinggan… 相似文献
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We report here on cirque infills mapped in the Khibiny Mountains, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Cirque infills are morainic deposits located near the headwalls of valleys and cirques. Their location and shape, often with concave margins towards the valley side, indicate that they were deposited by ice flowing up‐valley, into the mountains, rather than by local glaciers. We suggest that they formed during the last deglaciation, when Khibiny was a nunatak and Fennoscandian ice sheet lobes extended into valleys and cirques of the massif. The formation of cirque infills is probably more related to ice sheet dynamic factors, occurring when the ice margin retreated from the cirques, than to climate‐driven interruption in the ice‐marginal retreat. Glacial conditions similar to those prevalent when the Khibiny cirque infills were formed, occur today in Antarctica where the ice sheets engulf nunatak ranges. In Heimefrontfjella, Antarctica, the formation of supraglacial moraines at the head of cirques are linked to blue‐ice conditions, indicating locally low accumulation rates, a dry continental climate and sublimation dominated ablation. We suggest that these Antarctic moraines are modern analogues of cirque infills on the Kola Peninsula, and possibly, that the cirque infills may be used as palaeoenvironmental indicators. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The many glacial cirques in the mountains of Romania indicate the distribution of former glacier sources, related to former climates as well as to topography. In the Transylvanian Alps (Southern Carpathians) cirque floors rise eastward at 0.714 m km−1, and cirque aspects tend ENE, confirming the importance of winds from some westerly direction. There is a contrast between two neighbouring ranges: the Făgăraş, where the favoured aspect of cirques is ENE, and the Iezer, where the tendency is stronger and to NNE. This can be explained by the Iezer Mountains being sheltered by the Făgăraş, which implies precipitation‐bearing winds from north of west at times of mountain glaciation. Palaeoglaciation levels also suggest winds from north of west, which is consistent with aeolian evidence from Pleistocene dunes, yardangs and loess features in the plains of Hungary and southwestern Romania. In northern Romania (including Ukrainian Maramureş) the influence of west winds was important, but sufficient only to give a northeastward tendency in cirque aspects. This gave stronger asymmetry than in the Transylvanian Alps, as the northward (solar radiation incidence) tendency in these marginally glaciated mountains was less diluted by wind effects. Cirque floors in northern Romania are lower also in northeast‐facing cirques. In general, cirque aspects result from several factors and the mean tendency is not downwind, but is displaced from poleward by wind and by minor effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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他念他翁山中段地处青藏高原东南部和云贵高原过渡地带,海拔4 200 m以上保存着确切的第四纪冰川遗迹.对其进行深入研究,不仅可以重建横断山脉冰川作用的演化历史,还能够为青藏高原的隆升机制提供重要依据.采用野外地貌调查与电子自旋共振测年（ESR）相结合的方法,查明他念他翁山第四纪冰川发育的地貌特点,并初步对研究区的冰期系列进行划分.结果显示,他念他翁山中段古冰川类型主要为山麓冰川、山谷冰川和冰斗冰川.晚第四纪以来至少经历了4次冰川作用,分别为倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6）,年代为（192±51）~（207±45）ka;末次冰期中期（MIS 3）,年代为（55±8）~（54±9）ka;末次冰盛期（MIS 2）,年代为（25±1）~（38±6）ka,以及全新世新冰期/小冰期（MIS 1）. 相似文献
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Sarah M. Principato Jessica F. Lee 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(4):807-817
This study presents the first regional analysis of cirques on Vestfirðir, NW Iceland, using a Geographical Information System (GIS). The length, width, elevation of cirque‐floor, latitude and the distance to the modern coastline (both ocean and fjord coastlines) of cirques were quantified using ArcGIS. The topographical analysis revealed a total of 100 cirques on western and northern Vestfirðir. Several additional cirques are present, but they had poorly defined toewalls, making the cirque‐floor difficult to identify. Mean cirque length is 515 m and mean cirque width is 752 m. The modal orientation of the aspect of cirques is northeast, with a strong secondary mode to the northwest. Cirques at low elevations are more abundant close to the ocean, whereas cirques further from the ocean are present at high elevations. Three techniques were used to reconstruct past equilibrium‐line altitudes (ELAs) of cirque glaciers: the cirque‐floor method, the altitude‐ratio method and the accumulation‐area ratio method. The largest range of past ELAs is generated from the cirque‐floor method with values from 40 up to 730 m. Mean past ELA values range from ～395 to 423 m depending on the method used to reconstruct former ELAs. A strong positive relationship is observed between past ELA values and distance to the ocean demonstrating the importance of access to a moisture source for glacier survival. This relationship is stronger than the relationship between former ELAs and latitude. Based on the small size of cirque glaciers, it is likely that even minor fluctuations in the Irminger Current and the East Greenland Current influence cirque glaciation on Vestfirðir. 相似文献
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Influence of a glacial buzzsaw on the height and morphology of the Cascade Range in central Washington State, USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Analysis of climatic and topographic evidence from the Cascade Range of Washington State indicates that glacial erosion limits the height and controls the morphology of this range. Glacial erosion linked to long-term spatial gradients in the ELA created a tilted, planar zone of 373 cirques across the central part of the range; peaks and ridges now rise ≤600 m above this zone. Hypsometric analysis of the region shows that the proportion of land area above the cirques drops sharply, and mean slopes >30° indicate that the areas above the cirques may be at or near threshold steepness. The mean plus 1σ relief of individual cirque basins (570 m) corresponds to the ∼600-m envelope above which peaks rarely rise. The summit altitudes are set by a combination of higher rates of glacial and paraglacial erosion above the ELA and enhanced hillslope processes due to the creation of steep topography. On the high-precipitation western flank of the Cascades, the dominance of glacial and hillslope erosion at altitudes at and above the ELA may explain the lack of a correspondence between stream-power erosion models and measured exhumation rates from apatite (U-Th/He) thermochronometry. 相似文献
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Evidence of central Alpine glacier advances during the Younger Dryas–early Holocene transition period 
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下载免费PDF全文 Andrew P. Moran Susan Ivy‐Ochs Michael Schuh Markus Christl Hanns Kerschner 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2016,45(3):398-410
The transition phase from Lateglacial to Holocene climate conditions was accompanied by a pronounced reorganization of climate patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. Evidence of Alpine palaeoglaciers provides a basis for understanding climate downturns during a time of generally warming conditions. In this context a series of well‐preserved and previously undated moraines were investigated in the small Falgin cirque located in the central Alpine Langtaufers Valley (South Tyrol, Italy) and in the neighbouring Hinteres Bergle cirque of the Radurschl Valley (North Tyrol, Austria). Both localities are situated in the driest area of the eastern Alps. They lie well above prominent moraines associated with the Younger Dryas (YD) cold phase and represent the first moraines below Little Ice Age (LIA) positions. The corresponding equilibrium line altitude of the palaeoglaciers in both cirques was 100–120 m lower than during the LIA. Surface exposure dating (10Be) of the inner Falgin moraines shows a mean stabilization age of 11.2±0.9 ka, which is similar to the deglaciation age of 10.9±0.8 ka for the Hinteres Bergle cirque. The ages indicate glacier activity most likely during the earliest Holocene or the YD/Holocene transition. These findings point to a climate with mean summer temperatures about 1.5 °C lower than during the 20th century in the Alps. 相似文献
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太白山最近1000年的孢粉记录与古气候重建尝试 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
秦岭太白山佛爷池最近1000年的孢粉记录及据此所重建古气候参数的时间序列,揭示了历史时期小冰期和中世纪温暖期的气候特征。小冰期的起止时间为1420-1920aAD。其1月与7月平均温度反映本区夏季风与冬季风的变化有很大的不一致性。小冰期开始时,冬季风突然增强,夏季风显示不稳定波动,并相对变弱,而降水一度增多。小冰期的结束是以冬季风逐渐减弱为先导,而夏季风呈突然增强势态,降水偏少。在中世纪温暖期中,1200-1340aAD发生快速气候波动,出现暖夏、冷冬等特征气候,成为历史上少见的灾害性气候时段。 相似文献