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《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(4)
道庆洲桥是一座公轨两用双层变高钢桁组合桥梁,采用双曲面球型减隔震支座。该支座的竖向承载力为135 000 kN,超出桥梁双曲面球型减隔震支座规范的正常标准。为了研究此桥的抗震性能及其支座性能,本文设计和制作了安装有与实桥支座的竖向承载力相似比为1∶25的双曲面球型减隔震支座的双层变高度钢桁梁节段的缩尺模型,对其进行拟静力试验。得到了整个模型在不同支座轴压比下的滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度和水平承载力退化、耗能能力和滑动摩擦系数等抗震性能指标。试验结果表明:不同支座轴压比下,模型的滞回曲线饱满,呈现为平行四边形;与普通双曲面球型减隔震支座相比,支座的滞回性能相同;随着支座轴压比的增加,模型的水平承载能力、累积耗能、初始刚度和滑动摩擦系数也会相应增加,但对于水平承载力退化、刚度退化和等效黏滞系数影响较小;试验模型具有良好的抗震性能。 相似文献
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隔震技术在提高多跨桥梁抗震性能方面已有广泛应用,然而传统隔震支座在近场脉冲地震动作用下容易产生残余位移较大、底部剪力水平较高、以及限位能力不足等问题。目前尝试解决上述问题主要有2个途径：一方面利用形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy, SMA)的隔震支座能有效控制峰值位移和残余位移,但同时会增加结构的内力响应;另一方面,利用负刚度(negative stiffness device, NSD)的隔震支座可以有效减小结构的内力响应,但可能会引起较大的残余位移。基于太平洋地震研究中心数据库提供的28条近场脉冲波,充分评估了间隙式SMA隔震支座和NSD隔震支座应用于多跨简支桥梁在四水准(小震、中震、大震和巨震)作用下的隔震性能。在此基础上,结合SMA与NSD各自的优点,提出一种间隙式SMA-NSD摩擦隔震支座并分析了其隔震性能。研究结果表明,该支座可显著降低NSD支座引起的残余变形并同时有效控制SMA支座引起的底部剪力。 相似文献
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为了更加有效地控制结构振动,论文基于负刚度理论,设计了一种行之有效的被动减振装置。该设备通过正负刚度子结构并联,提高系统承载能力,降低系统固有刚度,从而有效隔离低频振动。通过分析该装置的结构和刚度特性,建立了设备的刚度函数表达式及平衡位置处的零刚度条件,进而找到了影响设备的主要参数并对其进行优化。采用MADIS有限元软件分析了在地震荷载作用下安装该设备的框架结构的减振效果,并与原框架进行对比,研究表明该设备能够有效地控制结构振动,且参数优化结果是有效的。该研究成果为后续试验研究和实际工程应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为完善超长联大跨连续梁桥的减、隔震技术,将负刚度装置引入到超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥中组成新型减、隔震系统,并与黏滞阻尼器-摩擦摆支座组合减震系统进行比较。基于CSiBridge软件建立全桥有限元模型,负刚度装置采用弹性多段线模拟,摩擦摆支座采用双线性恢复力模型,黏滞阻尼器采用Maxwell模型,输入3条地震波进行非线性时程分析,考查两种新型减、隔震系统下桥梁结构的地震反应,探究负刚度系统及黏滞阻尼器系统对超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应的控制效果。研究结果表明：负刚度装置与黏滞阻尼器均可以有效地减小超长联大跨隔震连续梁桥的支座位移。负刚度装置对桥墩内力反应及梁体加速度反应的控制优于黏滞阻尼器。负刚度装置在超长联大跨连续梁桥地震反应控制中有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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利用复摩擦支座（Double friction pendulum bearing,DFPB）和形状记忆合金（Shape Memory alloy,SMA）拉索,提出了一种超弹性-复摩擦支座（Superelastic-double friction pendulum bearing,SDFPB）。该新型滑动隔震支座在水平方向可适应多水准地震激励,且在竖向拥有抵抗拉拔的功能。阐述了SDFPB的构造特点和工作原理。通过性能试验考察了这一隔震装置的力学特性。建立了SDFPB的恢复力模型,利用其模拟了试验条件下的滞回响应。研究结果表明:SDFPB的耗能能力优良,且具有较好的多级抗震自适应能力;模拟值与试验值吻合较好,验证了上述力学模型的正确性。 相似文献
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为解决摩擦摆隔震支座抗拔能力不足的问题并优化其隔震性能,将传统的摩擦摆支座(FPB)和半主动控制思想相结合,提出一种自适应磁悬浮抗拔摩擦摆隔震支座(AMFPB)。基于磁路理论进行理论分析,推导出U型电磁铁的电磁力公式,以及AMFPB刚度、周期和等效阻尼比计算公式;对U型电磁铁进行位移-电磁力试验分析,建立AMFPB有限元模型,并对不同位移幅值、不同电磁铁匝数和输入电流下支座的滞回特性和抗拔性能进行分析。研究结果表明：U型电磁铁的位移-电磁力试验结果与理论结果吻合度较好,计算得到的AMFPB滞回曲线与数值模拟结果基本相同。AMFPB随滑动位移的增加可调节自身的刚度及耗能,有利于支座位移的控制。 相似文献
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介绍一种用于桥梁抗震的多球面滑动摩擦隔震支座,分析这种支座的设计原理,阐明其构造特点,分析了其工作机理和滑动隔震过程,并由此建立了该隔震支座的力—位移关系恢复力模型。理论分析表明,该支座除具备完善的减隔震支座所要求的功能之外,还构造简单、隔震机理清楚、数学物理模型明确,能够满足实际应用中简单性的要求。此外,该支座在不同强度的外部激励下,可以表现出不同的阻尼和刚度。并且具备单独优化性能,即该支座可以基于多性能目标或多水准地震,对于给定的桥梁隔震系统的各个参数分别进行优化。这两种特性使得该支座适合多水准地震动作用下,基于性能的隔震桥梁抗震设计。 相似文献
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为限制隔震层位移,研发了同时提供刚度和阻尼力的新型弹塑性软碰撞防护装置,该装置主要由铅芯橡胶支座、剪力键及中空连接钢板组成。首先对铅芯橡胶支座进行了设计压应力12MPa下基本性能试验及压应力0 MPa下剪切试验;然后进行了弹塑性软碰撞防护装置的水平力学性能测试试验,测定装置的屈服后刚度、屈服力及支座顶端转角,探讨了剪力键外圆面罩橡胶套对试验结果的影响,对比分析了装置的水平力学性能指标与支座在0MPa下剪切试验结果的差异;最后,对弹塑性软碰撞防护装置进行了数值模拟,对比了数值模拟与试验的水平力-位移滞回曲线。结果表明:弹塑性软碰撞防护装置可提供刚度及阻尼力,在剪力键外圆面罩上橡胶套后对试验结果基本无影响;与0MPa下支座测试结果相比较,装置的屈服后刚度及屈服力有所降低;支座顶端转角随支座剪应变的增大而增大;数值模拟与试验的滞回曲线吻合良好,该装置具有良好的滞回耗能能力。 相似文献
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基于橡胶支座和滑板支座的水平力学性能,开发了一种新型多级隔震装置并介绍了该装置的组成、运动状态及力学模型。为了验证多级隔震装置在多水准地震作用下具有多级刚度的特性,设计了一幢相似比为1/10的四层混凝土框架结构,并根据结构模型设计了四套多级隔震装置进行了新型多级隔震结构振动台试验。试验与模拟结果表明:新型多级隔震装置隔震性能良好且在不同水准地震作用下能表现出多级抗震性能,相较于普通隔震装置,在大震下能较好的控制隔震层位移。针对不同多级隔震结构给出了多级隔震装置的最优参数的筛选流程,并基于某实际工程通过筛选流程选取了装置的最优参数。 相似文献
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This study explores seismic performance of steel frame buildings with SMA-based self-centering bracing systems using a probabilistic approach. The self-centering bracing system described in this study relies on superelastic response of large-diameter cables. The bracing systems is designed such that the SMA cables are always stressed in tension. A four-story steel frame building characterized until collapse in previous research is selected as a case-study building. The selected steel frame building is designed with SMA bracing systems considering various design parameters for SMA braces. Numerical models of these buildings are developed by taking into account the ultimate state of structural components and SMA braces as well as the effect of gravity frames on lateral load resistance. Nonlinear static analyses are conducted to assess the seismic characteristics of each frame and to examine the effect of SMA brace failure on the seismic load carrying capacity of SMA-braced frames. Incremental dynamic analyses (IDA) are performed to compute seismic response of the designed frames at various seismic intensity levels. The results of IDA are used to develop probabilistic seismic demand models for peak inter-story and residual inter-story drifts. Seismic demand hazard curves of peak and residual inter-story drifts are generated by convolving the ground motion hazard with the probabilistic seismic demand models. Results show that steel frames designed with SMA bracing systems provide considerably lower probability of reaching at a damage state level associated with residual drifts compared to a similarly designed steel moment resisting frame, especially for seismic events with high return periods. This indicates reduced risks for the demolition and collapse due to excessive residual drifts for SMA braced steel frames. 相似文献
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This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to investigate the hysteretic performance of a new type of isolator consisting of shape memory alloy springs and friction bearing called an SMA spring-friction bearing (SFB). The SFB is a sliding-type isolator with SMA devices used for the seismic protection of engineering structures. The principle of operation of the isolation bearing is introduced. In order to explore the possibility of applying SMA elements in passive seismic control devices, large diameter superelastic tension/compression NiTi SMA helical springs used in the SFB isolator were developed. Mechanical experiments of the SMA helical spring were carried out to understand its superelastic characteristics. After that, a series of quasi-static tests on a single SFB isolator prototype were conducted to measure its force-displacement relationships for different loading conditions and study the corresponding variation law of its mechanical performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the SFB exhibits full hysteretic curves, excellent energy dissipation capacity, and moderate recentering ability. Finally, a theoretical model capable of emulating the hysteretic behavior of the SMA-based isolator was then established and implemented in MATLAB software. The comparison of the numerical results with the experimental results shows the efficacy of the proposed model for simulating the response of the SFB. 相似文献
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针对半刚接钢框架-混凝土墙(PSRCW)结构中连接件易发生疲劳断裂的问题,利用形状记忆合金(SMA)制成连接件并将其应用到PSRCW结构中。对4个2层单跨PSRCW结构试件在水平低周往复荷载作用下的抗震性能进行了试验研究。根据试验现象分析了各试件的受力破坏过程,研究了连接件类型、尺寸和布置位置对各试件的滞回性能、耗能能力、强度、刚度、延性和变形恢复能力的影响。试验结果表明:基于SMA连接件的PSRCW结构整体性较好、耗能能力强、结构强度退化具有2个平台阶段、刚度退化较为缓慢、延性好和结构具有较强的变形恢复能力。同时,增大SMA连接件的直径可以提高结构的承载能力、初始刚度和延性;在框架梁柱与内填墙交界面间均布置SMA连接件时,结构整体性最好,强度退化缓慢,延性好。因此,将SMA连接件应用于PSRCW结构中,对于改善钢混组合结构的力学性能有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
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Numerical simulations of a highway bridge structure employing passive negative stiffness device for seismic protection 
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下载免费PDF全文 Navid Attary Michael Symans Satish Nagarajaiah Andrei M. Reinhorn Michael C. Constantinou Apostolos A. Sarlis Dharma T. R. Pasala Douglas Taylor 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(6):973-995
A new passive seismic response control device has been developed, fabricated, and tested by the authors and shown to be capable of producing negative stiffness via a purely mechanical mechanism, thus representing a new generation of seismic protection devices. Although the concept of negative stiffness may appear to be a reversal on the desired relationship between the force and displacement in structures (the desired relationship being that the product of restoring force and displacement is nonnegative), when implemented in parallel with a structure having positive stiffness, the combined system appears to have substantially reduced stiffness while remaining stable. Thus, there is an ‘apparent weakening and softening’ of the structure that results in reduced forces and increased displacements (where the weakening and softening is of a non‐damaging nature in that it occurs in a seismic protection device rather than within the structural framing system). Any excessive displacement response can then be limited by incorporating a damping device in parallel with the negative stiffness device. The combination of negative stiffness and passive damping provides a large degree of control over the expected performance of the structure. In this paper, a numerical study is presented on the performance of a seismically isolated highway bridge model that is subjected to various strong earthquake ground motions. The Negative Stiffness Devices (NSDs) are described along with their hysteretic behavior as obtained from a series of cyclic tests wherein the tests were conducted using a modified design of the NSDs (modified for testing within the bridge model). Using the results from the cyclic tests, numerical simulations of the seismic response of the isolated bridge model were conducted for various configurations (with/without negative stiffness devices and/or viscous dampers). The results demonstrate that the addition of negative stiffness devices reduces the base shear substantially, while the deck displacement is limited to acceptable values. This assessment was conducted as part of a NEES (Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation) project which included shaking table tests of a quarter‐scale highway bridge model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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This study proposes two types of shape memory alloy (SMA)‐based devices, the tension‐SMA device (TSD) and the scissor‐SMA device (SSD), for the increase of stiffness. Both devices employ superelastic NiTi wires with a diameter of 1.2 mm. Performance tests to study pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi wires find that NiTi wire's pseudoelastic property is insensitive to loading frequency within the meaningful frequency range of most structures in civil engineering. The detailed design of TSD and SSD using NiTi wire is then presented accordingly. Shaking table tests of a scaled 5‐story steel frame incorporated with TSDs and SSDs, respectively, in the first story are carried out. The experimental results indicate that both SMA devices can effectively reduce building seismic response. SSDs achieve greater response reduction than TSDs due to their displacement magnification configuration. The seismic response of the building model with and without SMA devices is numerically simulated and the simulation results demonstrate that they are in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, it is identified that by using the wavelet transform method the structures incorporated with SMA devices exhibit nonlinear behavior and the time‐dependent characteristics of natural frequency during earthquake excitation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献